来源：现代教育报

source:Modern education to

　　北京时间12月11日，中国著名作家莫言在瑞典斯德哥尔摩领取了2012年度诺贝尔文学奖，再次引发了新一轮的“莫言热”。

Beijing time on December 11,,Famous Chinese writer, mo yan in Stockholm, Sweden, get the Nobel Prize in literature for 2012,Again raised a new round of"Mo yan hot".

　　早在10月份莫言获奖的消息公布后，就有消息称莫言作品入选高中语文选修读本。那么，其作品是否有可能再进一步，正式入选中小学语文必修教材？莫言的作品适合入选中小学语文教材吗？本报就此问题发起了在线调查，结果显示：高达89.7%的读者表示“不适合”，原因是“莫言作品充满魔幻色彩、大胆的性描写、暴力美学等，不适合未成年人阅读”。

In early October, mo yan the news,There is news that mo yan works in high school Chinese elective reading book.so,His works if it is possible to go further,Official in primary and middle school language teaching material required?Mo yan's works in the primary and middle school language teaching material for?This question launched online survey,The results show:Up to 89.7% of readers said"Not suitable for",Reason is"Mo yan works full of magical color/Bold of sex/Violence aesthetics,Not suitable for minors to reading".

　　

在线调查 Online survey

　　《丰乳肥臀》阅读率最高 [Abundant breast fat buttock]Reading the highest rate

　　仅两成家长老师会向孩子推荐莫言作品 Only twenty percent of the parents to the child the teacher will recommend mo yan works

　　“听说莫言得了奖，我也买了一本《丰乳肥臀》来看，以前还真没接触过他的作品。”日前，在西单图书大厦，读者唐先生这样表示。至于对莫言作品的评价，唐先生说：“比较重口味，中小学生绝对不适合看。”

"Heard that mo yan prize,I also bought a book[Abundant breast fat buttock]To see,May: we haven't contact with his work."a,In the xidan book building,Mr Tang said that the readers.As for the evaluation of mo yan works,Mr Tang said:"Heavier taste,Absolutely not suitable for primary and middle school students to see."

　　调查显示，有37.9%的读者是在莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息公布后才开始阅读其作品，从上世纪八九十年代即开始关注其作品的仅为24%。在莫言的十余部主要作品中，长篇小说《丰乳肥臀》阅读率最高，有17.7%的读者看过此书，其次是《红高粱家族》和《蛙》，阅读率均超过10%。

Investigation shows that,37.9% of the readers in mo yan won the Nobel Prize for literature news began to read his works,From the s and s of the last century that begin to pay close attention to the work is only 24%.In the more than ten mo yan main works,novel[Abundant breast fat buttock]Reading the highest rate,17.7% of the readers to read the book,The second is[Red sorghum family]and[frog],Reading rate is more than 10%.

　　对于莫言的作品是否适合入选中小学语文教材，仅有10.3%的读者表示，“适合，诺贝尔奖是对其文学成就的充分肯定，值得中小学生阅读、学习。”其余占据绝大多数比例的读者均认为，莫言的作品中经常出现赤裸裸的性描写以及暴力因素，非常“重口味”，有些内容连成人都难以适应，根本不适合青少年阅读，更不要说入选语文教材了。在接受调查的读者中，仅有24.1%的人表示会向孩子推荐阅读莫言的作品，其他人则表示“不推荐”或“谨慎推荐”。

Mo yan's works to fit in the primary and middle school language teaching material,Only 10.3% of readers said,"Suitable for,The Nobel Prize in literature is the achievement of the full affirmation,Primary and middle school students is worth reading/learning."The rest of the occupied most of the proportion of the reader all think,Mo yan's works often appear naked of sex and violence factors,very"Heavy taste",Some content even adults are difficult to adapt to,Don't is suitable for teenagers to read,Not to mention in the language teaching material.In an investigation of the readers,Only 24.1% said they would recommend reading to children, mo yan's works,Others say"Do not recommend"or"Cautious recommendation".

　

　马上就访 'll visit

　　语文出版社：不考虑将莫言作品纳入必修教材 Chinese press:Don't consider mo yan works into the required materials

　　记者昨天采访了语文出版社中学语文教研组副编审张夏放，他表示，早在今年10月份莫言获得诺奖的消息公布之前，语文出版社中学语文教研组就计划将莫言早年的中篇小说《透明的红萝卜》纳入高中语文选修读本之一的《中外短篇小说》。

The journalist interviewed the Chinese press the middle school language teaching and research group deputy editor zhangxia put,He said,Early in October this year, mo yan won the Nobel announced before,Chinese press the middle school language teaching and research group will plan will mo yan early novella[Transparent carrot]Into the high school Chinese elective one of the reader[Sino-foreign short stories].

　　至于未来是否会将莫言作品收入中小学语文必修教材，张夏放明确表示，目前语文出版社中学语文教研组还没有这一计划，也没有进行相关讨论。据他介绍，目前语文出版社出版的中小学语文教材是按照2003年教育部公布的新课程标准编订的，2007年开始投入使用，“中小学语文必修教材具有一定的稳定性，除非教育部修改课程标准，否则教材不会随意变动。”

As for whether the future will be primary and middle school compulsory income mo yan works of Chinese teaching materials,Zhangxia put made clear,At present Chinese press the middle school language teaching and research group is not the plan,No related discussion.According to he introduced,At present Chinese publishing of primary and middle school language teaching material is according to ministry of education in 2003 published the new course standard of development,2007 start put into use,"Chinese primary and middle school compulsory teaching material has certain stability,Unless the ministry of education curriculum standard changes,Otherwise the teaching material will not change at will."

　　张夏放进一步表示，此次高中语文选修读本之所以选择《透明的红萝卜》这一篇章，是因为它是从一个孩子的角度去描写的方式，在心理上更贴近中学生，中学生理解起来也相对容易，“但莫言的大多数作品，尤其是作为其代表作的几部长篇小说，比如《丰乳肥臀》《檀香刑》《蛙》等，含有不少不适合中小学生阅读的因素，不但不会选进教材，也不推荐课外阅读。”

Zhangxia put further said,The high school Chinese elective reading chose[Transparent carrot]This chapter,Because it is from a child's perspective to descriptive way,In psychological closer to the middle school students,High school students understand rise also relatively easy,"But most of the work, mo yan,Especially as the representative work of a few novels,Such as[Abundant breast fat buttock][Sandalwood punishment][frog]etc,Contains a lot of is not suitable for primary and middle school students reading factors,Not only will not into the teaching materials,Do not recommend reading."

　　

教师声音 The teacher voice

　　语文教材不能过分追逐时尚 Language teaching material should not be chasing fashion

　　您认为莫言作品适合入选中小学语文教材吗？记者日前就这一问题采访了多位一线中学语文教师，大多数人给出了否定的回答。

Do you think the mo yan works in primary and middle school language teaching material for?The reporter has a problem quizzed a line middle school Chinese teachers,Most people gives the negative answer.

　　北京师范大学第二附属中学语文高级老师何杰表示，莫言的作品固然是非常优秀的，但不能简单地因为他获得了诺贝尔奖，就决定将其作品纳入中学教材。具体而言，何杰老师认为，一位作家的作品是否应该选入教材，哪些作品适合选入教材，都需要经过教材编写专家慎重的研讨和论证。“就教学需要而言，语文教材应该保持适度稳定，不应随意改动，也不应过分时尚化、新闻化。”

Beijing normal university second affiliated middle school Chinese senior teacher said he jie,Mo yan's works is is very good,But you can't just because he won the Nobel Prize,I decided to put his or her into the middle school teaching materials.In particular,He jie teacher think,A writer's works whether it should be elected to the teaching material,What works for selected materials,Need through compiling teaching materials experts careful discussion and argument."Students in need,Language teaching material should be moderate stability,Should not change at will,Also should not be changed too much/News change."

　　北京广渠门中学语文教师毕姗则指出，若将莫言作品引入中学语文教材之中，必然需要做出删减、改动，这无疑将直接破坏莫言作品的完整性。学生只能沉浸在对片段故事情节的猎奇心理中，如莫言所钟爱描写的排泄、生殖、阉割、酷刑，而失去对作品主题和象征意蕴的整体把握和深入理解。

Beijing guang qu men middle school Chinese teachers BiShan is pointed out,If it works, mo yan into language teaching material of middle school,Will need to make cuts/changes,This undoubtedly will directly damage the integrity of the mo yan works.Students can only immersed in the plot of the story to fragment compilation psychology,Such as mo yan loves descriptive discharge/reproductive/castration/torture,And lose to the theme and symbolic meaning of the whole grasp and understanding.

　　“中学生正处在世界观、人生观、价值观的形成时期，需要积极向上的生命态度指引。”毕姗认为，莫言作品中没有刻意的教育元素，而以一些对社会、对人性的反思性批判为主，这些常常指向哲学性发问的困惑与思考，要实现清醒、理性的判断，趋利避害地使自己精神受益，对于思想还不成熟，社会历史观认识尚浅的中学生来说，实在是过大的考验。

"Middle school students are in world outlook/Outlook on life/The time of formation of the values,Positive attitude to the life of the guide."BiShan think,Mo yan works not deliberately education elements,And some of the society/Of human nature is reflective criticism,These often point to the confusion and questions of philosophic thinking,To realize the sober/Rational judgment,Disadvantages ourselves to make the spiritual benefit,For thought is not mature,Understanding social history is shallow middle school students,It is a big test.

　　

莫言作品充满性与暴力 Mo yan works full of sex and violence

　　浙江省衢州第二中学语文特级教师章浙中认为，莫言的作品与中国传统审美趣味不符，不利于中小学生形成良好的审美趣味，“即便从比较现实的角度考虑，也不利于学生学习、模仿、借鉴。”在他看来，入选中小学语文教材的作品，在符合课程标准的前提下，首先要具备经典性，应该是经过时间检验的、世所公认的经典文本，要符合主流价值观和审美倾向，能够让学生从中获得教益。其次，还要考虑到不同年龄段学生的思维发展水平和接受能力。“当然，最好能够对培养学生对文字的兴趣以及学生写作有帮助。”

Zhejiang quzhou the second high school Chinese teacher in middle think super chapter,Mo yan's works and Chinese traditional aesthetic interest discrepancy,Primary and middle school students to form good aesthetic taste,"Even from the more realistic point of view,But also to the students' learning/imitation/reference."In his view,Selected works of primary and middle school language teaching material,In accordance with the premise of curriculum standard,First of all to have the classic,Should be after the time of inspection/The accepted classic text,Want to accord with the mainstream values and aesthetic tendency,Can let students gain enlightenment.secondly,To consider different age paragraph the students' thinking development level and accept ability."Of course,Had better be able to train the student to the text interest and help the students' writing."

　　在山东聊城第二中学副校长、语文特级教师王书林看来，语文教材内容的选择，应当遵循以下原则。

The second high school in shandong liaocheng vice President/Chinese super teacher WangShuLin looks,The choice of language teaching material contents,Shall comply with the following principles.

　　一、经典原则。必须以现代经典的白话文著作为内容。选用经典作品还可以避免学生眼界过低，其他的可以作为课外读物。

a/Classical principle.Must take the modern classical writings in the vernacular works for content.Choose classic can also avoid students horizon is too low,The other can be used as outside reading.

　　二、时代原则。在选择经典作品时，还应注意到作品的时代性，争取选择更有时代感，更易于为当代学生所理解和接受的作品为学习的对象，毕竟兴趣是最好的老师。

two/Age principle.In choosing a classic works,Should also pay attention to the time of the works,To choose more contemporary,More easily for contemporary students to understand and accept the work as the object of study,After all, interest is the best teacher.

　　三、简短性原则。不宜选用长篇著作的节选作为教材，因为节选相对而言不利于学生对作品有一个总体的把握，即使有相关的注释，也会由于编者的看法和学生的接受能力等原因影响学生的学习。长篇作品可以在附录中有个简单介绍，引导学生去阅读即可。

three/Brief sexual principle.Unfavorable choose full-length works and screening as materials,Because and screening relative to their works have a general grasp,Even with relevant comments,Also due to the editor's opinion and students accept ability and other reasons influence students' learning.Full-length works in an appendix can have a simple introduction,Lead the students to read it.

　　教育学者、中国海洋大学教育系讲师胡乐乐则认为，从学生的身心发展来看，莫言的作品整体而言不适合中小学生阅读。众所周知，莫言的很多作品都充满赤裸裸的性描写和暴力因素。正处在青春期的中学生往往对这些因素充满好奇，但有缺乏辨别力。尽管语文教材可以不选取莫言作品中有关性与暴力的篇章，但是即便选取了一些比较“干净”的篇章，学生也会顺藤摸瓜，通过网络搜索等手段找到一些其他篇章。

Education scholars/China ocean university, department of education instructor hu lele is considered,From the students' physical and mental development to see,Mo yan's works on the whole is not suitable for primary and middle school students to read.As is known to all,Mo yan's many works are full of naked of sex and violence factors.Middle school students are in adolescence tends to these factors is full of curiosity,But there is a lack of judgment.Although language teaching material can not choose mo yan works about sex and violence of the chapter,But even if select some comparison"clean"text,Students will be ShunTengMoGua,Through the Internet search, and other means to find some other chapters.

　　他表示，语文教材是学生学习母语、文学和做人做事的极其重要的载体。“我们的文化尤其强调文以载道，这不仅是指文章要承载道理和真理，而且还要承载道德的作用。”他特别强调，学校是专门育人的地方，因此需要“净化”了的作品，而不能让一些不适合学生阅读的作品进入中小学语文教材。

He said,Language teaching material is the student learning language/Literature and the person to work very important carrier."Our culture especially emphasized the way to load,This is not only refers to the load to the truth and the truth,But also bearing moral role."He laid special stress on,School is the place where special education,Therefore need to"purification"The work,And can't let some not suitable for students reading works into primary and middle school language teaching material.

　　

记者手记 Reporter notes

　　莫言作品进教材是“拔苗助长” Mo yan works into the teaching material is"Haste makes waste"

　　无论对于莫言本人还是中国文学界，2012年都注定是不平凡的一年。莫言本人获得了诺贝尔文学奖的肯定，登上了个人荣誉的巅峰，而近年来略显沉寂的中国文学池塘也荡起了兴奋的涟漪。

No matter for mo yan I or Chinese literati,2012 years are doomed to be remarkable.Mo yan I have won the Nobel Prize for literature,On the top of the personal honor,And in recent years slightly drowsy Chinese literature pond is once more the excited ripples.

　　莫言获奖的消息公布后，曾一度出现了其作品脱销的盛况。莫言的读者群体迅速扩大，其中不乏未成年人。在莫言获奖的繁荣面前，可能很多人会忽略一个问题：诺贝尔奖得主的作品就一定适合中小学生阅读吗？真的未必。

Mo yan the news,Once appeared in the works of the grand occasion of out of stock.Mo yan readers group expanded rapidly,There is no lack of among them minors.In the front of the prosperity of mo yan,Maybe a lot of people will ignore a problem:The Nobel Prize winner works will be suitable for primary and middle school students to read?Really not.

　　2011年的得主托马斯•特兰斯特勒默，2010年的马里奥•巴尔加斯•略萨，2009年的赫塔•米勒等，近些年的诺贝尔文学奖得主大多是风格比较前卫的先锋派作家，他们的一些作品就连很多成年读者难以适应，更遑论中小学生了。尤其是莫言的作品，神秘超验的感觉世界，天马行空的叙述，陌生化的处理，对中小学生的理解能力、接受能力是很大的挑战。近几年中小学语文教材中鲁迅的作品有减少的趋势，原因就是不少学生反映鲁迅先生的一些作品晦涩、难懂，而单就“难懂”这一条而言，莫言作品绝对比鲁迅作品有过之而无不及。

The winner of the 2011 Thomas•Especially, le's lance,2010 years of Mario•BaErJiaSi•LveSa,Hertha in 2009•Miller, etc,In recent years to a Nobel Prize winner is mostly style is fashionable avant-garde writer,Some of their works even many adults find it difficult to adapt to the readers,Let alone the primary and middle school students.Especially in mo yan's works,Mysterious feeling of transcendental world,A powerful and unconstrained style description,Defamiliarization processing,For small and medium-sized students' understanding ability/Accept ability is big challenge.In recent years, primary and middle school language teaching material in lu xun's works have reduced trend,Reason is that many students reflect some works of lu xun obscurity/difficult,And alone"difficult"In this article a,Mo yan works of lu xun's works even than absolute.

　　除了“难懂”，莫言作品中还充满了露骨的性描写、暴力美学因素，对于还尚未形成成熟辨别力的中小学生而言，这些成分很容易对学生产生误导，影响学生对性和暴力等问题的正确认识。

In addition to"difficult",Mo yan works also filled with a sexually explicit description/Violence aesthetics factors,To have not yet mature form of discrimination in primary and middle school students,These components easily on the students misleading,Influence students to sex and violence, such as the correct understanding of the problem.

　　到底什么样的作品适合进入中小学语文教材？关于这个问题，看法不尽相同，但最基础的一条，应当是“适合”。如今的基础教育界流行这样一个理念：让学生接受适合的教育，其核心就是教育要适合不同年龄段的中小学生的身心发育特点，适应学生智力和心理发育水平。

What works for into primary and middle school language teaching material?About the problem,Different views,But the most basic one,Should be"Suitable for".Today's basic education popular such a concept:Let the students receive appropriate education,Its core is the education should be suitable for different age paragraph of small and medium-sized student's body and mind development characteristics,To adapt to the students' intelligence and psychological development level.

　　每个作家都有核心读者群，每部作品都有适合的受众群体，莫言的绝大多数作品从来都不是写给未成年人的看的，让学生过早接触莫言的作品，无疑是“拔苗助长”。

Each writer has core readership,Each work has the suitable audience group,Mo yan's most of the work is never to see of minors,Let the students early contact mo yan's works,Is undoubtedly"Haste makes waste".

　　

网友热议 Net friend of hot debate

　　@心与长天共渺：目前我看过的作品《红高粱》、《丰乳肥臀》、《蛙》都不适合入选。有些小说，不到一定年龄，读了算是白读，浪费时间。

@ the heart and rather common:At present I have seen works[Red sorghum]/[Abundant breast fat buttock]/[frog]Do not fit in.Some novel,Less than a certain age,Read the reading is white,Waste of time.

　　@浅唯九暄：我觉得莫言的部分作品确实很优秀，但是从中小学生的视角根本无法理解，甚至会有负面影响，不建议其作品加入教材…

@ shallow only nine Xuan:I think mo yan's works is really good,But from the perspective of students can't understand,May even have a negative impact,Do not recommend his works to join teaching materials…

　　@多趣购网：毁掉一本名著的方法就是把它划入考试范围。

@ much fun and purchase:Destroy a classic method is put it into test range.

　　@May-青争：他的作品不适合儿童的心理启蒙，甚至连大人有时候也无法理性看待。所以不要选入。

@ May - green for:His work is not suitable for children's psychological enlightenment,Sometimes even adults can't a rational view.So don't selected.

　　@寂寞的小刚：小学就算了，初中、高中、大学可以选用，毕竟人家获诺贝尔奖，小说的文学价值是毋庸置疑的！

@ lonely xiao gang:Elementary school even if the,Junior high school/High school/University can choose,After all, the somebody else has won the Nobel Prize,The novel literary value is beyond doubt!

　　@风风风吹冷：作为课外阅读还可以。

@ wind wind wind cold:As reading can also.

　　@爷们儿型女青年LICHEE：无论是暴力美学还是各种性描写，是为了衬托文章中心思想，我觉得没什么不妥，但是加入语文课本要三思而后行，一是作为人生观世界观还不太成熟的孩子，他们未必读得懂莫叔叔的作品，二是某些不太正面的描写，可能会影响一些自我意识较弱易受影响的孩子。

@ masterses son type LICHEE young woman:Whether violence aesthetics or sex description,In order to foil the central idea,I think nothing wrong,But to join Chinese textbook to look before you leap,One is as the outlook on life world outlook is not particularly adult children,They may not read mo uncle's works,The second is some not too positive description,May affect some self consciousness weak affected children.

　　文/本报记者 杨国营

Wen/our reporter YangGuoYing