中国青年报4月17日报道 袁桂林是北京师范大学教授，也是农村教育问题专家。这些年，他没少下乡去调研各地的农村教育。一个在很多人看起来很小，甚至不是问题的问题，在这位农村教育专家看来，却是一个大问题。

China youth daily reported on April 17, YuanGuiLin is professor of Beijing normal university,Is also the rural education experts.Over the years,He didn't less fields to research all of rural education.A man in many looks very small,Even is not a problem of the problem,In the rural education expert opinion,It is a big problem.

　　这个问题就是校车。

The problem is that the school bus.

　上学远导致事故高发 引发农村辍学率反弹 Far cause accident prone to a rural school dropout rates

　　袁桂林还记得2007年初夏的一幕：那是一个星期五的中午，他和同事在四川省康定县农村调研。在某乡镇中学校门前，学生放学熙熙攘攘走出校门，校门外停着五六辆越野吉普车，在每辆吉普车旁边都有一群孩子。经过询问他了解到，这些孩子准备搭乘吉普车回家，车上的座位有学生坐进去了，车边的学生是在等车开动前再上车的，因为没有座位，提前挤进去很难受。

YuanGuiLin remember summer 2007:It was a Friday noon,He and his colleagues in sichuan province KangDingXian survey in rural areas.In some villages and towns school door,Bustling school students out of the school gate,Five or six cross-country jeep parked outside the school gate,In every jeep beside a group of children.After asked him to,The children ready to take the jeep home,The car seat with a student sit in,Before the car side of the students are waiting for the start to get on the bus,Because there is no seat,In advance in sick.

　　这几年，他和同事在云南、河南、吉林等省农村调研时没少看到这种情况：农用手扶拖拉机当校车现象很常见，而且车上儿童或者坐着，或者站着拥挤在一起从路上驶过。

Over the past few years,He and his colleagues in yunnan/henan/Jilin provinces rural research less didn't see this kind of situation:Agricultural tractors when school bus phenomenon is very common,And the car or sitting on the children,Or standing crowded together from the road.

　　实际上，近来各类接送学生车辆安全事故频发，农村儿童上学交通安全已经成为当前社会关注的重大问题。根据公安部统计，我国每年死于道路交通事故的人数平均在10万以上，伤残达50万。2008年，12岁以下儿童交通事故死亡人数占交通事故死亡总人数的5％，车内死亡人数占所有儿童交通事故死亡人数的16％。

In fact,Recently all kinds of transportation vehicle safety incidents,Rural children go to school traffic safety has become the major issues of social concern.According to the statistics of the ministry of public security,Die each year in the number of road traffic accidents in China they are above average 100000,Disability of 500000.In 2008,,Children under the age of 12 the traffic accident deaths accounted for 5% of the total number of traffic accident death,Car deaths accounted for 16% of all children's traffic accident death toll.

　　袁桂林和他的博士后孙艳霞收集了近5年部分国内媒体披露的74宗学生上学车辆安全事故数据，通过分析发现，各年事故数量基本持平。在死亡人数中有74％是农村学生；伤残的农村学生占40％；49％的校车事故发生在义务教育阶段，50％在幼儿园。

YuanGuiLin and his postdoctoral SunYanXia collected nearly five years of domestic media disclosure of 74 students attend school for vehicle safety accident data,Through the analysis found that,The number of accidents in flat.The death toll is 74% of the rural students;Disable the rural students accounted for 40%;49% of the school bus accident in compulsory education stage,50% in the kindergarten.

　　袁桂林分析，农村校车事故频发，从表面看，是接送学生车辆状况不良，严重超载致使车辆失控，车辆驾驶员操作失误，接送学生车辆监管不力、道路湿滑导致事故发生等。

YuanGuiLin analysis,The school bus accident frequency in rural areas,On the face of it,Is the transportation vehicle in bad condition,Cause severe overloading vehicles out of control,Vehicle driver operating error,Regulation of transportation vehicles was poor/Road wet cause accidents, etc.

　　“实际上，深层原因是安全事故责任主体不明确，家庭和学校之外存在责任空缺，教育部门无力承担责任；而校车认证、执行、管理和监督体制未建立；农村学校"以县为主"的管理体制改革后，没有建立替代性制度弥补农村教育经费不足。”袁桂林说。

"In fact,Deep reason is the main body of responsibility for safety accident is not clear,Family and school outside responsibility vacancy,Education department to assume responsibility;The school bus authentication/Carry out/Management and supervision system has not been established;Rural schools"Give priority to with county"After the reform of the management system,Did not establish alternative system for rural education funds."YuanGuiLin said.

　　在这种情况下，撤并小规模学校和建立寄宿制学校成为地方政府的现实选择。然而，由于多种原因，农村寄宿制学校管理和运行面临诸多困难，布局标准单一，忽视上学距离和安全标准。农村家庭支出教育成本负担过重（交通费、伙食费、住宿费等），只能选择低等级、不合格的运输车辆，致使安全事故高发。

In this case,Merging of small schools and build boarding school become the realistic choice of local government.However,,For a variety of reasons,Rural boarding school management and operation is faced with many difficulties,Single layout of the standard,Ignore school distance and safety standards.Rural household spending education cost burden(transportation/Boarding fee/Accommodation and so on),Can only choose to lower level/Unqualified transport vehicles,The high incidence of accidents.

　　华中师范大学的一份调查显示，很大比重的农村学生不喜欢寄宿制学校，上学路途远已经超过经济贫困、学习困难，成为农村儿童辍学的第一原因。

A survey of huazhong normal university,A large proportion of the rural students don't like boarding school,School road far more than economic poverty/Learning difficulties,Become a rural children drop out of the first reason.

　　“农村学生上学远导致事故高发，进而引发辍学率反弹。”袁桂林说。

"Rural students to go to school far leads to the high incidence of accident,And then trigger a dropout rates."YuanGuiLin said.

　更灵活的校车制度 可避免“空壳学校” The more flexible school bus system can be avoided"Shell school"

　　按照国际惯例，解决学生上学远的问题有两个途径，一是发展校车，二是寄宿制。袁桂林说，相比而言，一般都会优先发展校车，因为成本相对低，也比较灵活。

According to international practice,The problem there are two way to solve the students go to school far away,One is to develop the school bus,The second is the boarding.YuanGuiLin said,compared,Usually give priority to the development of the school bus,Because of the relatively low cost,Also more flexible.

　　很多国家的教育网站上都有相应的校车安全条例、政策和招聘校车司机的规则。在国外考察时，袁桂林特地关注了校车和校车司机。在美国，校车司机是职业目录里面的一个独立工种。中国的职业目录里有动车组司机，但是没有校车司机。

Many countries of the education on the website have the corresponding school bus safety regulations/Policy and recruitment of the rules of the school bus driver.While in a foreign country,YuanGuiLin specially pay attention to the school and the school bus driver.In the United States,School bus drivers are professional directory inside a independent of the type of work.China's professional directory in the emu drivers,But there is no school bus driver.

　　校车司机是个特殊的职业，不能与一般的司机混为一谈，在美国做校车司机要查祖孙三代的诚信记录。与其相关的是，校车有独立牌照，有了这个牌照才有资格拉学生。校车本身有一系列的安全标准，比如说，司机驾驶舱手机信号要被屏蔽，车体的外面都有写着stop的牌子，当校车要停在一个位置，就把这个牌子支起来，前后都不可以超越。

The school bus driver is a special profession,The driver can't and general confuse STH with STH else,School bus drivers in the United States do to check three generations of the integrity records.Is relevant,School bus independent licence,With this license are eligible students.The school bus itself have a series of safety standards,For instance,Driver cockpit cell phone signal to be shielded,The outside of the car body are written with the stop sign,When the school bus will stop at a position,Put the sign up,Before and after can not beyond.

　　“这些事情，国家不来协调，谁能做呢？”袁桂林问。他曾经参加过几次相关会议，校车问题最大的难点是没有责任主体。现在的情况是学校负责完成教学任务，把孩子送出校门。至于孩子上什么车，就不是学校的事儿了。

"These things,Countries to coordinate,Who can do it?"YuanGuiLin asked.He had attended several related meetings,The school bus problem one of the biggest difficulties is that there is no responsibility.The situation is responsible for the complete the teaching mission school,Send the children out of school.As for the children on what car,It is not the school.

　　也有人说，中国国土56％是山地，地形、道路不适合发展校车。袁桂林不认同这个观点。在他看来，这种意见没有道理，校车不是往山上跑，而是在山区道路上行驶。

Others say,China's ministry of land and 56% is mountainous,The terrain/Road is not suitable for the development of the school bus.YuanGuiLin don't agree with this point of view.In his opinion,The idea makes no sense,The school bus is not ran to the mountain,But the roads in the mountains.

　　校车的问题在农村尤甚。一般而言，农村校车车况不太好，有的是农用车，有的村子用手扶拖拉机接孩子，单程一人一元。如果每天这样积累下来，也是一笔不小的开支。

The school bus problem especially in the countryside.In general,The rural school condition is not so good,Have a plenty of agricultural vehicles,Some village in walking tractor by children,One-way one yuan.If such accumulation down every day,Is also a big cost.

　　2007年，国家相关部门出台过校车标准，今年又作了第二次规定，要求校车安装黑匣子，增加安全带。但是这两项措施如何落实，却没有强调。“从归口来说，是交通警察管理。在有学校的地方，交警人手往往比较少，他们更多地集中在繁华市区和主要街道。农村更没有人管理。这是监管部门的缺位。”袁桂林说。

In 2007,,Relevant departments of the state on a school bus standard,And the second time this year,Require the school bus installation black box,Increase your seat belt.But the two measures how to implement,But there was no emphasis on."From having it,Is the traffic police.In the place of the school,Traffic police hands less often,They more concentrated in the bustling downtown and main street.The more no one management.This is the lack of supervision department."YuanGuiLin said.

　　“政府关注寄宿制是对的，但是我们要两条腿走路，也不能忽视校车。国家不能仅仅关注寄宿制学校建设，校车系统建设也要提上议事日程。”他说。

"The government focused on boarding is right,But we are going to walking on two legs,Also cannot ignore the school bus.Countries can't just focus on boarding school construction,School bus system construction should also be put on the agenda."He said.

　　袁桂林建议，一方面要尽快完善现有的农村寄宿制学校建设，配备专门管理人员和生活教师；另一方面，建议率先在农村地区开通公益性的免费校车。

YuanGuiLin Suggestions,On the one hand, to perfect the existing rural boarding school construction as soon as possible,Equipped with specialized management personnel and the teacher of life;On the other hand,Suggest that took the lead in the opening of the public welfare free school bus in rural areas.

　　建立校车系统主要有六点考虑。袁桂林说：第一，在农村生源减少的情况下，校车比建设寄宿学校更为灵活，可进可退，可以有效避免寄宿制学校的宿舍建成后又出现“空壳学校”的资源浪费。第二，校车系统可以缓解目前农村比较拥挤的寄宿制学校的压力。第三，减少家庭教育成本，解除家长接送学生的负担。第四，解决农村教师的通勤问题和降低社会成本。第五，“村村通”工程实施以来，农村的道路建设已相对完善，为开通校车提供了可能性。第六，我国现已具备相关专利技术，能够生产符合儿童身体特征的低碳、环保、高科技、标准化、信息化的专用校车，保障学生安全。

A school bus system are mainly consider at six.YuanGuiLin said:The first,In the case of rural students to reduce,The school bus is more flexible than the construction of a boarding school,Can enter can refund,Can effectively avoid the boarding school dormitory after the completion of appeared again"Shell school"The waste of resources.The second,School bus system can relieve pressure on the current rural boarding school is more crowded.The third,Reduce the cost of family education,Relieve parents carry the burden of the students.The fourth,Solve the problem of rural teachers' commuting and reduce social cost.5.,"Every village"Since the project implementation,Rural road construction has relatively complete,Provides possibility for opening the school bus.6.,Our country has had relevant patent technology,Able to produce children's physical characteristics of low carbon/The environmental protection/high-tech/standardization/Information of the school bus,Guarantee the safety of students.

　　“校车系统的生产、运营、管理与监督各环节离不开政府的政策扶持，而政府必须出台相关制度以规范校车良性运营，由被动管理走向主动监督。”袁桂林呼吁。

"The production of school bus system/operation/From all aspects of the management and supervision of the government's policy support,And the government should publish relevant system to standardize the school bus benign operation,By passive management to active supervision."YuanGuiLin calls for.