挣扎了多少年的“4%”，终在2012年达标。 Struggling for many years"4%",End in 2012.

　　日前，财政部部长谢旭人在全国财政工作会议上指出，“国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的比重达到4%。”

Prior to the,Treasury secretary 谢旭人 in national financial work conference pointed out,"State financial education funds spending accounted for the proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) of up to 4%."

　　这是财政部负责人首次明确表示，“4%目标”达成。

This is the ministry of finance officials made it clear that for the first time,"4% of the target"To reach.

　　过去三十年间，“4%”可谓是中国教育的“阿喀琉斯之踵”，每当官方表态重视教育时，各方都会拿这个久未达标的“4%”来说事。

Over the past thirty years,"4%"It is China's education"Achilles heel",When official attach importance to education,The parties will take this long not standard"4%"It is about.

　　早在1986年，以厉以宁、王善迈为首的几位学者做了一份名为“教育经费在国民生产总值中的合理比例研究报告”，计算出当人均GDP达1000美元时，公共教育支出国际平均水平为4.24%。据此，1993年，中国政府发布《中国教育改革和发展纲要》，首次提出国家财政性教育经费的支出“在20世纪末”占GDP的比例应该达到4%的目标。

As early as in 1986,With li yining/WangShanMai led by several scholars made a name"Education funds reasonable proportion in the gross national product research report",Calculated when per capita GDP of $1000,Public spending on education international average level of 4.24%.accordingly,In 1993,,The Chinese government issued[China education reform and development outline],First state financial education funds of the spending"In the end of the 20 th century"Should be up to 4% of GDP.

　　结果，到2010年，也就是新世纪第一个十年结束之际，国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的比重才3.66%。

The results,By the year 2010,That is at the end of the first decade of the new century,State financial education funds spending accounts for the proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) to 3.66%.

　　此后，有着“新教改”纲领性文件之称的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》中再一次规定，“提高国家财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比例，2012年达到4%。”

Since then,Has a"The new teaching reform"Programmatic document known as the[National development plan outline for medium and long-term education reform and development(2010-2020)]In once again,"Improve the state financial education funds expenditure to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio,In 2012 reached 4%."

　　随后，国务院总理温家宝在不同场合多次明确表态，要在自己任期结束之前“还上4%的账”。于是，过去两年，成为“4%”达标的主战场。

then,Under the state council premier wen jiabao has repeatedly made clear on different occasions,Want to be in before the end of his term"Also in 4% of the bill".so,In the past two years,Become a"4%"Standard of the main battlefield.

　　2011年，国务院印发了《关于进一步加大财政教育投入的意见》的文件，并召开全国教育投入和管理工作电视电话会议，从落实教育经费法定增长、拓宽经费来源渠道、合理安排使用经费、加强经费管理等方面都提出了具体的要求。

In 2011,,The state council issued by the[Advice on further intensify fiscal expenditure on education]Of the documents,And held the national education investment and management of the TV conference call,From the implementation of education funds legal growth/Widen the channel of the funding source/Reasonable arrangement of use of funds/Strengthen funds management are put forward specific requirements.

　　依据上述文件，2011年全国范围内统一了内外资企业和个人的教育费附加制度，全面开征地方教育附加以及从土地出让收益中按比例中来计提教育资金。

On the basis of the above file,2011 nationwide unified the extra charges for education, the system of foreign enterprises and individuals,Comprehensive collecting the local education additional and out of the land transfer income in proportion to provision for education funds.

　　2012年，财政部又下发《关于进一步落实从土地出让收益中计提教育资金相关政策的通知》。要求地方在收支分类科目中增加了名为“103014804 教育资金收入”的科目，以反映从土地收益中所计提的教育资金，并在地方国库中进行分账核算。同时，强调“各地区不得降低计提比例、改变计提方式、虚增成本费用、拖延计提时间”。

In 2012,,The ministry of finance also issued[On further carry out the plan from land transfer income education funds related policies].Required local increase in the income and expenses classification is called"103014804 education fund income"The subject,To reflect the income from the land in the provision of education funds,And in the place where the national Treasury in 分账 accounting.At the same time,Emphasis on"All regions shall not reduce the provision for proportion/Change the manner/Virtually increased cost/Delay the plan time".

　　此外，按照总体部署，在2012年和2013年年初，财政部会同教育部对各省进行综合评价分析，并形成报告上报国务院，以便中央政府进行监督和问责。

In addition,In accordance with the overall arrangement,Early in 2012 and 2013,The ministry of finance jointly with the ministry of education of province comprehensive evaluation analysis,And form the report submitted to the state council,So that the central government on the supervision and accountability.

　　在力度前所未有的政策护航下，“4%”终在2012年达标。

In its unprecedented policy under convoy,"4%"End in 2012.

“4%”到底是个什么概念？ "4%"What is a concept?

　　在中共十八大召开期间，国家发改委主任张平在出席一场新闻发布会时曾算过一笔账：“我们今年用人民币计价的GDP可以超过50万亿，也就是说财政用于教育方面的支出要超过2万亿。2012年的财政总收入，虽然还没有到年底，但是，我估计会超过11万亿。这就意味着我们要拿六分之一的财政收入用到教育方面。”

18 central committee of the communist party of China held during the period,Director of the national development and reform commission zhang ping when attending a press conference ever be a bill:"We can with RMB valuation of GDP this year more than 50 trillion,That is fiscal spending to education to more than 2 trillion.The fiscal revenue in 2012,Although have not to the end of the year,but,I estimate that more than 11 trillion.This means that we will take one 6 of the fiscal revenue used education aspects."

　　显然，这样一笔“巨款”如何使用好、管理好，是下一步关注的焦点。“这是不得了的钱，全国人民都在盯着这笔钱怎么用，这笔钱要用在培养人身上，绝不能花在搞豪华装修，宿舍变宾馆、食堂变餐厅，扶梯甚至也雕花，走廊里挂电视，其实都没有人看。”有全国人大代表表示。

obviously,Such a pen"money"How to use the good/Good management,Is the focus of the next step."This is dirty money,The country people all staring at how to use the money,The money is in training,Can never spend doing luxurious decoration,The dormitory is hotel/Dining room change restaurant,Escalator even carve patterns or designs on woodwork,The corridor hung TV,In fact, no one see."There are the National People's Congress on behalf of the said.

　　据悉，财政部将会同教育部对各省教育经费拨付情况进行综合评价分析，并形成报告上报国务院，以便中央政府进行监督和问责；同时国家将设立专门的教育经费监管中心，以便对教育经费的使用、管理、监督制度化。

It is reported,The ministry of finance will be jointly with the ministry of education of province education funds allocated in comprehensive evaluation analysis,And form the report submitted to the state council,So that the central government on the supervision and accountability;At the same time, the state will set up special funds for education supervision center,So that the use of funds for education/management/Supervision and institutionalized.

　　教育部长袁贵仁亦坦承，现在教育部最关心的事就是“如何能把钱用到刀刃上”。

Education minister yuan guiren indicated also admits,The most concerned about thing is now the ministry of education"How can the money used on the blade".

专题策划：增加的教育经费该怎样花？ Project planning:Increase the funds for education how to spend?