随着全球教育国际化战略的推进，国际交流与合作已成为高等教育发展的必然趋势。《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》进一步确定了扩大教育开放的方针——“加强国际交流与合作、引进优质教育资源、提高交流合作水平”， “鼓励各级各类学校开展多种形式的国际交流与合作，办好若干所示范性中外合作学校和一批国际合作办学项目，探索多种方式利用国外优质教育资源。” 《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》对国际交流与合作的鼓励和倡导，对民办学校的意义非同寻常。

With the advancement of global education internationalization strategy,International communication and cooperation has become the inevitable trend of the development of higher education.[National medium and long-term education reform and development plan outline]To further determine the expand education open policy --"We will strengthen international communication and cooperation/Introducing high quality education resources/To improve the level of communication and cooperation", "Encourage various and of all kinds school carry out various forms of international communication and cooperation,Do some demonstration by chinese-foreign cooperation schools and a number of international cooperation in running schools project,Explore various ways to put foreign quality education resources." [National medium and long-term education reform and development plan outline]For international communication and cooperation to encourage and promote,For private school meaning is unusual.

　　在当前教育体制改革的大背景下，民办高校面临着来自生源市场和就业市场的严峻挑战，民办高等教育必须在逆境中开拓新思路，进一步打通民办学校与国际学校的联合办学，变滚动式发展为跨越式发展。北京民办高校的国际交流以开展国际合作办学为主要形式。对于民办高校而言，国际交流与合作是机遇，更是挑战。

In the current education reform background,Private universities faced with students from market and employment market challenges,Private higher education must develop new ideas in adversity,Further through private school and the international school of joint ventures,Variable rolling development as the great-leap-forward development.Beijing private universities international exchange to carry out international cooperation in running schools as the main form.For private university is concerned,International communication and cooperation is an opportunity,Also the challenges.

　　一、北京民办高校开展国际合作办学的必要性

a/Beijing private university to carry out the necessity of international cooperation in running schools

　　首先，北京作为国际化大都市，与世界各国的交流、合作越来越多，涉外服务等方面需要大量精通某一国家语言或专业知识的人才。民办大学开办国际合作办学项目，主要是为了引进国外优质的教育资源、特色的课程和教育方式，为国内教育服务。北京培黎职业学院院长余临指出，国际化是教育发展的趋势。国内高等教育与国际先进水平有差距，这种差距对民办大学而言就更大了。所以民办高校有必要通过国际合作办学这种形式提高自身水平，也就是借外势拉动内势。

First of all,Beijing as an international metropolis,Communication with different countries in the world/Cooperation more and more,The foreign service needs a large number of proficient in a national language or professional knowledge of the talents.Private university open international cooperation in running schools project,Mainly to introduce foreign high-quality education resources/Characteristics of curriculum and the education mode,For the domestic education service.Beijing's culture in the vocational college more pointed out,Internationalization is the trend of the development of the education.Domestic higher education and the international advanced level has difference,The gap for private in university is bigger.So private universities is necessary through the international cooperation in running schools this form to improve their level,Is also borrow external potential pull inner potential.

　　二是生源竞争激烈。社会生源总量逐渐减少，高校招生环节竞争激烈，民办高校要想有一席之地，必须靠优质的教育和突出的特色吸引学生，国际合作办学可以引进国外先进的教学经验，较好地利用国外的优质资源，结合我国自身特点培养人才，选择在国际上比较有影响的知名学校，广泛建立友好的校际合作关系，并在选择合作课程上重点考虑和本校专业相似的学院，提高办学水平，培养高素质人才，以促进本校的综合实力。

The second is fierce competition in students.Social total students gradually reduce,College enrollment link competition is intense,Private universities want to have a place,Must rely on high quality education and outstanding characteristics to attract students,International cooperation in running schools can introduce the foreign advanced experience in teaching,Better use of foreign resources of high quality,Combined with the characteristics of their talents,Selection in the international comparison influential well-known school,Widely to establish friendly close collaborative relationship,And in the choice of cooperation course focuses on the consideration and professional similar college,Improve the level,To cultivate high-quality talents,In order to promote the comprehensive strength.

　　三是就业压力大。就业率的好坏在某种程度上决定招生的情况。开发一些好的中外合作项目，可以增加学生的就业竞争力，对学生有实质的提升和帮助。在当今的就业形势下，用人单位最关心的是“学力”而非“学历”，让学生学到真正实用的能力才是至关重要的。

Three is the employment pressure.The stand or fall of employment in a certain degree of admissions decisions.Develop some good Chinese and foreign cooperation projects,Can increase students' employment competitive power,To students have substantial promotion and help.In today's employment situation,Unit of choose and employ persons is most concerned about"Professional qualification"Rather than"degree",Let the students learn the real practical ability is very important.

　　二、北京民办高校开展国际合作办学的优势

two/Beijing private university to carry out the advantage of international cooperation in running schools

　　高校的国际合作办学项目主要以“2+2”或“3+1”甚至“1+3”的方式进行课程或学分互认。也就是让学生在国内读2年或3年，然后出国读2年或1年，学生拿到中外两所学校的毕业证或学位。目前北京大部分民办高校的国际合作办学采取的也是这种方式。

The international cooperation in running schools project mainly"2 + 2"or"3 + 1"even"1 + 3"The way of course or credit recognition.Also is to let the students read in home two years or three years,Then go abroad to read 2 or 1 year,Chinese and foreign students get two school diploma or degree.At present most of the private universities in Beijing international cooperation in running schools take is this way.

　　当前北京民办高校国际合作办学的主要目的是借国际化之路提升综合实力，所以国际化办学的理念越来越受到民办高校的青睐。与公办大学相比，灵活性强、自主权较大是民办高校国际合作办学特点和优势。例如北京城市学院，学院为学生提供了五种方式可供选择:一、跟美国合作院校开展旅游管理、英语等专业的教学合作，由美方学校提供老师来校授课，给学生提供正规化的美式英语培训。二、开展国际实习，如学校同法国、意大利、德国等国家签订实习合同，酒店管理专业学生毕业后可到法国和意大利实习，电子商务专业学生毕业后可到德国的相关产业实习。三、派学生到国际上接受正规的语言培训，如学校开设的到西班牙学习的项目，学费较低，每学期仅500欧元，为学生提供较大便利。四、派遣学生到海外续本、考研和工作。北京城市学院已有多名学生在古巴的中国企业工作。五、开展国际合作发展研究，进行较深刻和系统的社会科学研究，为学生提供了多种便捷渠道，让学生有较大的选择余地。

The current Beijing university international cooperation in running schools run by the local people's main purpose is to borrow international road improve comprehensive strength,So the idea of international education more and more get the favour of private universities.Compared with public university,flesible/Autonomy is a large private university international cooperation in running schools features and advantages.Such as Beijing city university,College provides students with the five ways to choose: a/With the cooperation of tourism management institutions/English professional teaching cooperation,By the United States schools offer teacher teaching school,To provide students with the regularization of the American English training.two/Develop international practice,Such as school with France/Italy/Germany and other countries signed contract practice,Hotel management professional students after graduation to France and Italy practice,Electronic business professional students after graduation to Germany to the related industrial practice.three/Sent to the international students on formal language training,Such as schools to open to Spain learning project,Low tuition fees,Only 500 euros per semester,To provide students with great convenience.four/Sending students abroad XuBen/One's deceased father grind and working.Beijing city university students have in the Chinese enterprise work.five/Carry out international cooperation development research,In a deep and system of social scientific research,To provide students with a variety of convenient channel,Let the students have greater choice.

　　三、北京民办高校开展国际合作办学的局限

three/Beijing private universities to carry out international cooperation in running schools limitations

　　1.审批机制不够健全、管理与监督尚待规范

1. The examination and approval mechanism is not perfect/Management and supervision is yet to be standard

　　由于缺乏教育部门认证，国外院校对很多中国学校不了解，给合作办学带来诸多不便。北京涉外经济专修学院外语学院多年来一直想把韩国教育资源和留学生引进来，但由于项目没有审批，至今未能实现。

Due to a lack of education department the authentication,Foreign universities for many Chinese schools do not understand,To the cooperation in running schools to bring a lot of inconvenience.Beijing foreign economic course college foreign language college for many years has been to Korea education resources and students to introduce,But as a result of the project has not approval,Failed so far to realize.

　　同时，民办高校开展国际合作办学的管理与监督尚待规范。政府层面上，管理主体不完全明确、内部协调不够且难度较大。办学者层面上，管理水平及办学效果差距很大，目前尚存在诸多不规范的情况，例如，有的学校在招生、收费、颁发证书、经费使用等方面并未完全遵守国家的有关规定；一些不具备办学资质的学校，未经批准即擅自与境外的机构非法开展办学活动；某些学校超越批准的办学层次和范围任意开班招生，教学周期短、教学质量低，以及监督管理部门缺乏必要的执法手段，在政策执行中监督检查不力。

At the same time,Private universities to carry out international cooperation in running schools of management and supervision is yet to be standard.The government level,Management main body not completely clear/Internal coordination and difficult enough.Operators level,The management level and the effect of difference,At present there are still many non-standard conditions,Such as,Some schools in the recruitment of students/charge/certificate/The use of funds has not fully comply with the relevant provisions of the state;Some do not have the qualifications of the school,Without approval with overseas institutions without authorization is illegal to carry out the activities;Some schools beyond the approved by the education level and scope of the commencement of the arbitrary admissions,Teaching period is short/Teaching quality is low,As well as the supervision and administration department of the lack of necessary means of law enforcement,In the policy implementation in the lack of supervision and inspection.

　　2．引进优质教育资源不足

2. Introducing high quality education resources

　　民办高校由于历史短、积淀少，与公办学校有差距，在获得优质资源方面往往比较困难。由于起点比不上公办大学，难以寻找国外知名高校合作已是不争的事实。目前，与民办高校合作的外方院校大多数是一些规模小、名气不大的院校。尽管近年来一些民办高校努力寻求与国外名校合作办学的机会，但从总体上看，国际合作办学的层次还是不高，办学质量也参差不齐。外方合作办学者的课程质量、教学管理经验以及学术声誉都很难判断与保证；甚至还有些外方学校本身并不具备合作办学资格，也被国内的学校引进，损害了学校和学生的利益，造成了不良的影响。

Private universities due to the history of short/Less accumulation,And the public school has a gap,To obtain high quality resources is often difficult.Due to the starting point than public university,Hard to find foreign famous university cooperation is tangible.At present,And private colleges and universities cooperation of foreign most is that some small scale/Fame is not big institutions.Although in recent years some private colleges and universities abroad to seek for the opportunity of cooperation in running schools,However, from the overall perspective,International cooperation in running schools level is not high,The quality is uneven.The foreign cooperator course quality/Teaching management experience and academic reputation is difficult to judge and warranty;Even some foreign school itself did not have cooperative education qualification,Was also introduced Chinese schools,Damage to the school and students' interests,Caused bad effect.

　　有专家认为，民办高校要想引进优质的国际合作院校还需要一个过程，应着力打造自身特色，逐渐赢得很多国外大学的认可；另一方面，民办学校也可以"借鸡生蛋"，通过与国内重点大学合作，实现优质校外资源共享；此外，当地政府在引进优质国外资源的同时，可以向民办院校推介。

Some experts think the,Private universities want to introduce high quality international cooperation institutions also need a process,Should strive to create their own features,Many foreign university have won recognition;On the other hand,Private schools can also"Lend chicken unripe egg",Comparing with the key university cooperation,To realize high quality external resources sharing;In addition,The local government in introducing high quality foreign resources at the same time,To promote private colleges and universities.

　　3.师资、经费不足制约发展规模

3. Teachers'/Fund shortage restricts development scale

　　在国际合作办学的开展过程中师资不足是较大问题，国际合作办学对老师的要求很高，授课老师不但要承担本学科课程的教学计划，还要求用全英文教授本课程，这对一般的老师来说难度较大。对这个问题，北京吉利大学重点在“海归”和留学生方面挖掘优秀教师，另外还在人事管理方面采取政策倾斜的方式，在北京知名高校招聘兼职教师。

In the international cooperation in running schools in the process of the development of the teachers' shortage is a big problem,International cooperation in running schools very tall to the requirement of the teacher,The instructor should not only take this course teaching plan,It also requires all English professor in this course,The general teachers is difficult.To this problem,Of Beijing geely university focus on"returnees"Students and teachers in mining,In addition to the personnel management policy way,Famous universities in Beijing for part-time teachers.

　　费用问题是当前国际合作院校面临的主要问题，优质的教育要付出优越的成本，先进的课程、师资、理念的引入，都需要坚实的投入。这对自给自足的民办院校也是一大挑战。一旦生源不好，民办学校压力非常大，不少民办学校因为经费问题，被迫搁置项目，或者把成本转嫁到学生身上。一个中外合作项目往往要运行两三年之后才谈得上收益，这对民办院校而言，压力可想而知。经费问题，往往成为制约民办院校国际合作办学可持续发展的瓶颈。

The question of costs is the current international cooperation education faces major problems,Quality education is to pay the cost,Advanced course/teachers/The introduction of the concept,All need solid investment.The self-sufficiency of private colleges and universities is also a big challenge.Once the bad students,Private school pressure is very big,Many private schools because of funding problems,Forced to shelve the project,Or the cost on to the student body.A chinese-foreign cooperative projects tend to run after two or three years, just talk to go up income,This for private colleges and universities in,Pressure cans be imagined.Funding problems,Often restricted private colleges' international cooperation in running schools the bottleneck of sustainable development.

　　四、北京民办高校开展国际合作办学的促进措施

four/Beijing private universities to carry out international cooperation in running schools promote measures

　　1．完善政策法规、发挥政府的宏观引导作用

1. Improve policies and regulations/Give full play to the government's macro guidance

　　社会以及政府要转变和纠正对民办学校的种种偏见、轻视，乃至歧视的观念，消除对民办学校执行国家对外开放战略的偏见乃至歧视。

Society and government should change and correct for private school all sorts of prejudice/despise,And even the idea of discrimination,Elimination of private school implements national opening strategy of prejudice and discrimination.

　　政府要为民办学校走“国际化”之路创造更有力的支持性政策环境，同时从转变政府职能、提供服务的角度加以引导和管理。《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》实施以来，在国家出台的“扩大教育开放”重大举措和试点工程中，绝大部分责任承担者和合作受益者是部属省属的公立普通高校，对民办高等学校的扶持还远远不够；民办高校在产学合作、服务地方经济发展、培养应用型、技能型人才、体制灵活等体现出的优势，在我国国际合作办学中还没有得到充分发挥。

The government should go to school of run by the local people"international"Road to create more powerful supportive policy environment,At the same time from the transformation of government functions/Provide service point of view to guide and management.[National medium and long-term education reform and development plan outline]Since the implementation of,In the national guidelines"Expand education open"Major move and pilot project,Most of the responsibility undertaker and cooperation is subordinate beneficiaries provincial public colleges,For private higher school support is not enough;Private universities in the co-operative/The service local economic development/Train applied/Skilled talents/System agility reflects the advantage,International cooperation in running schools in our country still has not been fully play.

　　政府要鼓励支持民办高校以不同层次、多种形式、跨学科领域地开展国际合作办学，要扩大和挖掘民办高校招收来华留学生。“建议政府及教育主管部门尽快研究和制定支持民办高校开展国际合作办学的相关政策与措施；教育主管部门应根据实际情况，逐步的、渐进的开禁和批复符合报批规范的民办大学提交的国际合作办学项目，并出台相关政策，扶持优秀的办学项目和机构，大力推进民办高校的国际合作办学向纵深发展。

The government should encourage and support private universities in different levels/Various forms/Interdisciplinary field to develop the international cooperation in running schools,To expand and mining private universities recruit foreign students."Suggest the government and education departments as soon as possible and make research support private universities to carry out international cooperation in running schools of relevant policies and measures;Education departments should be based on actual situation,gradually/Incremental lift a ban and reply with approval standard private university submitted to international cooperation in running schools project,And has formulated relevant policies,Support good school programs and institutions,Vigorously promote private universities international cooperation in running schools to further development.

　　2.对国外教育机构进行资质认证，积极推进对国外优质教育资源的引进

2. The foreign education institutions qualification certification,Actively promote the quality education in foreign countries the introduction of resources

　　在选择国外合作办学机构的过程中，仅依靠国外的认证和评估结果还不够，因为这些认证和评估中有许多只能保障其评价对象不低于某个基本标准，却无法反映其真实的办学质量和水平，国内应对那些希望进入中国的国外教育机构进行资质认证，并对这些机构在其本国地位深入了解和掌握。在此基础上，积极推进对国外优质教育资源的引进工作，发布国际合作办学指导意见，提出国家支持的重点项目，并采取鼓励和专项资助等措施，推动国外优质教育资源的引进。

In the choice of foreign cooperation in running schools in the process of institution,Rely on foreign certification and assessment results is not enough,Because these authentication and evaluation has many can only guarantee the evaluation object does not fall below a basic standard,But can't reflect the real running quality and level,To those who wish to enter the Chinese domestic foreign education institutions qualification certification,And these institutions in their own position further understand and master.On the basis of,Actively promote quality education resources in foreign countries the introduction of work,International cooperation in running schools issued guidance,Put forward the countries to support key projects,And take special measures to encourage and support,Promote quality education resources in foreign countries.

　　3．建立自我监管体制，打造国际合作办学特色

3. Establish self regulatory system,Make international cooperation in running schools characteristics

　　各民办高校也应建立和完善校内自我监督体系，校内的自我监督是保证内部质量和规范办学很重要的方面，办学单位利用其建立的质量保障体系对本单位存在的问题进行评价，自行纠偏及时改正，确保办学质量和规范办学。

The private universities also shall establish and improve the supervision system itself,The self supervision is to guarantee the internal quality and standardize the very important aspect,The unit using the establishment of the quality guarantee system to this unit the existing problem of the evaluation,To rectify timely correction,Ensure the quality and standard school.

　　我们不仅要有优质资源，而且要有自己的特色。在国际交流与合作过程中，北京很多民办高校没有照搬国外课程和理念，而是结合中国社会需求进行了"汉化"，形成独特的优势。同时，越来越多的学校在努力打造特色，而这将是高等教育的一个核心竞争力。

We should not only have high quality resources,And should have their own characteristics.In the process of international communication and cooperation,Beijing many private universities not copy foreign course and concept,But in China the social needs"localization",Form the unique advantages.At the same time,More and more schools in an effort to build characteristic,And this will be a higher education core competitiveness.

　　我们相信在《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》的指引和教育部对民办教育的大力支持下，民办教育国际合作办学将会打开一个新的局面。

We believe in[National medium and long-term education reform and development plan outline]Guidance and the ministry of education for private education support,Private education international cooperation in running schools will open a new situation.