2013年1月上旬，在上海的一家知名留学机构内，一位帅气的年轻人走到资格颇老的留学顾问刘艳面前，拿着一份新出炉的美国大学排行榜说，“我可是非前20名不去的！”刘艳很平静地请他先填完咨询登记表。“这样的学生我见得很多。他们把大学排行榜看得过重，但却可能错过了排行榜对自己真正有价值的信息。”刘艳说。

Early in January 2013,In Shanghai of a well-known organization can study abroad,A handsome young man walked up to the qualification is quite old for advisers before liu yan,With a copy of a new list of American university said,"I can is top twenty don't go!"Liu yan is very calmly asked him to fill out the registration form of consultation."So I see a lot of students.They see the list of the university is overweight,But may miss the list to their real valuable information."Liu yan said.

　　在美国，有多家机构对大学进行排名，如《美国新闻和世界报道》、《福布斯》、《普林斯顿评论》、《商业周刊》、《华尔街日报》等，其中最有影响力的就是由《美国新闻和世界报道》发布的美国大学排名，这就是常说的US News排名。

In the United States,Have many agencies to university rankings,if[American news and world report]/[Forbes]/[Princeton review]/[Business Weekly]/[The Wall Street journal]etc,One of the most influential is the[American news and world report]Release of American university rankings,It is often said that the US News rankings.

　　查看这些大学排行榜是很多准留学生的必备功课之一。“如果我们不靠大学排行榜，怎么在美国选大学？”准备去美国读经济管理或者法学的周阳发现，几乎可用浩如烟海来形容美国大学的数量，选择一所适合自己的学校真不是件容易的事。而这些排行榜中出现的如哈佛、耶鲁、麻省理工等校名也让周阳对未来充满向往。

Look at the list of university students is a must for one of the lessons."If we list without university,How to choose the university in the United States?"Ready to go to the United States to read economic management or the law ZhouYang found,Numerous almost available to describe the number of American university,Choose a suitable for their own school is not so easy.And these appear in the list like harvard/Yale/Massachusetts institute of technology and names also let ZhouYang full of yearning for the future.

细看指标，有些不必当真 Scrutinize index,Some don't take it seriously

　　看排行榜，最重要的一步是什么？这个答案在许多业内人士眼中，无疑是评估指标。而这恰恰是很多学生忽略的问题。

See list,The most important step is???????The answer in many insiders eyes,Is undoubtedly evaluation index.And this is precisely the many students ignore the problem.

　　评估指标的合理性和数据的客观性是一个排行榜能成功的关键。国内的一家机构曾经推出大学排名的调查，其中一个指标是毕业生质量。这个指标让许多人看得百思不得其解，“是指毕业生的就业率，毕业后的薪水，还是就业单位？很难找到这项指标的清晰解释，而这个指标是如何具体落实的，更是不甚了然。”沪上一家大学的统计学副教授章老师表示很疑惑。

The rationality of the evaluation indicators and the objectivity of the data is a list can be the key to success.Domestic institution have launched the investigation of university rankings,One of the indicators is the quality of graduates.This indicator is used to make many people look puzzled,"Refers to the employment rate of graduates,After the graduation salary,Or employment unit?It is difficult to find the index clear explanation,The index is how to implement,Is not very understand."Based on the statistics of a university associate professor teacher zhang said very puzzled.

　　除了每个重要指标是否设计得合理和科学外，评估过程是否透明，数据采集是怎样完成的，各项指标的具体得分是什么，也是推断这个排行榜是否能为自己提供重要信息的因素。

In addition to every important indicator is designed to be reasonable and scientific outside,Evaluation process is transparent,Data acquisition is how to finish,The indicators of the specific scoring is what,Is also deduced that the list for yourself whether provide important information factors.

　　程莹是上海交通大学世界一流大学研究中心的执行主任，她所在的机构推出的《世界大学学术排名》自2003年发布以来，得到了许多国家的主流媒体、世界著名大学的网站和年报、Economist和Nature等学术刊物的重视。据她介绍，交大版排行榜的参考指标一共有6项，每项都有说明和权重，为了避免主观性，研究人员不采取深入调查的方式，所有数据皆由第三方提供。事实上，国际上的知名排行榜发布机构在收集数据时，一方面依靠学校授权，另一方面从具有公信力的数据公司即第三方获取，总体来说社会诚信度较高，数据还是比较真实和客观的。

ChengYing is Shanghai jiaotong university world class universities, executive director of the research center,She introduced the mechanism[The world university academic rankings]Since the 2003 years since the release,Many countries have the mainstream media/The world famous university website and annual report/Economist and Nature and academic publications attention.She said,Jiaotong university version of the list of reference index a total of 6 items,Each have instructions and weight,In order to avoid subjectivity,The researchers don't take further investigation way,All the data are provided by a third party.In fact,The international famous list release mechanism in the collection of data,On the one hand on the school authorization,On the other hand, the public credibility of data from a company is the third party access,Overall social credibility is higher,Data or compare real and objective.

　　不过，即使这样，各大知名排行榜仍然受到诟病。前不久，美国最受关注的US News大学排行榜爆出丑闻。美国名校乔治·华盛顿大学被逐出US News大学排名，因为该学校在提交有关新生在高中阶段排名的数据有误。US News被指责没有核实学校提供的数据。

but,Even so,Each big famous list for still is.Not long ago,The United States is the most concern US News list of university scandals came out.The George Washington university school was kicked out of the US News university rankings,Because the schools in submit relevant freshman in high school the wrong data.US News was accused of not verify the data provided by the school.

　　看榜人可以相信哪些数据？在程莹看来，那些不是从学校直接取得的数据更可信。另外，能保证每个指标的得分可以公布和检验，发布机构还能提供核查数据的途径的排名显然更完善更准确。

Look at the list can believe what data?In ChengYing seems,Those who are not directly from the school has more reliable data.In addition,To ensure that every index scores can be released and inspection,Release can also check the data way ranking obviously more perfect and more accurate.

　　当然，即便如此，也不要过于迷信这些排行榜。因为许多设计完美的指标在现阶段的技术条件下并不容易实现。“实际操作起来往往难度很大。不是找不到适合的指标就是有了指标却采集不到数据，又或者采集难度太大，方法也不可靠。”对此，程莹颇有些无奈。事实上，他们机构在做一个世界研究型大学数据库的计划，向1200个研究型大学发问卷收集数据，尽管500强大学中有超过50%的回收率，1000强大学中这个数据达到了70%，但仍然有一些大学没有回复。另外，统计来自不同渠道的研究经费也很难操作，很多学校提供不出来，这就和当初的设计有一定差异。

Of course,Even so,Don't too superstitious these charts.Because many design perfect index at present technical conditions is not easy to implement."The actual operation up often very difficult.Can not find the suitable index is the index but do not gather data,Or acquisition difficulty is too big,Method is not reliable."this,ChengYing quite some helpless.In fact,Their organization in the world to do a research university database program,To 1200 research university send questionnaire collect data,Although 500 strong university more than 50% of the recovery,Top 1000 universities this data reached 70%,But still, some universities do not reply.In addition,Statistics from different channel research funding is difficult to operate,Many schools offer does not come out,This and original design have certain differences.

　　类似的困难在国外发布机构也不鲜见。来自俄勒冈州里德学院的校长约翰·克鲁格显然很同意这个观点，“所有的排名都不能准确地计算出一个大学的学术能力和它对学生的帮助程度，因为它们的数据不见得真实和可靠，评估的方法也未必科学合理。”

Similar difficulties in foreign release is not rare.From Oregon's academy President John Kruger apparently quite agree with this view,"All of the rankings can accurately calculate a university academic ability and it to student's help degree,Because they are not real and reliable data,Evaluation method is not scientific and reasonable."

明确自己看重什么数据 A clear picture of what value data

　　即使确定拿到手的排行榜都是准确无误的，那也只能算完成了一半任务。另一半的艰巨任务是，不同的排行榜有各自倾向的指标，你首先要明确自己真正需要和看重的是什么？

Even if sure with our list are accurate,It is only half done task.The other half is a difficult task,Different charts have their tendency index,You should make clear above all you really need and what is important?

　　“国外的排行榜很多，每个榜单各有自己的计算指标，如果对此没有了解的话，很可能用了并不适合自己的参照系。”已经在美国留学的卓云深有感触。“如果去美国是准备读研究生的，或者即使是读本科，但未来有读研计划的，可以看US News排名，它有综合排名、专业排名以及研究生院的排名等；如果只是读本科，用《福布斯》的排名可能比较好，因为它只关注本科，而且更关注学生学习的投入与产出。”

"Many foreign list,Each list each have their own calculation index,If this did not know about it,Probably used is not suitable for their own frame of reference."Has been in the United States ZhuoYun of that."If you go to the United States is ready to read a graduate student,Or even read undergraduate course,But the future has to go to graduate school program,We can see US News rankings,It has comprehensive ranking/Professional rankings and graduate school rankings, etc;If only read undergraduate course,with[Forbes]Ranking may be better,Because it only focus on undergraduate course,And pay more attention to students' input and output."

　　需要提醒的是，在许多排名评分体系中，科研型的大学更容易排名在前。但对于许多不准备做研究的学生来说，学校的教育质量、工作机会要比科研水平更重要，所以明智的留学生不要错过那些看似排名不是很靠前的教学型大学。

What need reminds is,In many ranking score system,Research university ranking more easily in the former.But for many not prepared to do research for students,The school education quality/Job opportunities than the scientific research level is more important,So wise students don't miss those seemingly ranking is not very near the front of the university teaching type.

　　除了综合排名、专业和研究生院排名外，一些排行榜还有许多特殊的排名，诸如学费最贵的、校园最安全的、学生拥有汽车数量最多的、考研比例最高的、住校学生比例最高、雇主最满意的、毕业起薪最高的等等。如果你清楚自己真正看重哪些指标，那么这些排名就可以带领你找到想要的信息。

In addition to comprehensive ranking/Professional and graduate school of the ranking,Some charts and many special ranking,Such as the most expensive/The safety of the campus/Students have the largest number of cars/One's deceased father grind the highest proportion/The highest percentage of students live on campus/The employer the most satisfactory/Graduation starting salary of the highest and so on.If you know what you really value index,So these rankings can lead you to find the desired information.

　　不过，US News的创始人罗伯特·莫斯在其撰写的关于US News评估大学排名算法的文章中这样说道：“虽然排名说明一些问题，但排名不说明一切。”学生需要结合地理位置、校园生活、学科广泛度、专业知名度、学生活动、体育项目、学费及奖学金的可能性综合考虑。

but,US News founder Robert moss in its writing about US News evaluation university ranking algorithm article said so:"Although ranking shows some problems,But the ranking does not explain everything."Students need to combined with the geographical position/Campus life/Subject popularity/Professional awareness/The student/sports/Tuition scholarship and the possibility of comprehensive consideration.

　　建议有条件的申请者实地走访校园，或可找专业咨询机构获取更多信息。

Suggest conditional applicants field visit the campus,Or look for professional consulting agency for more information.

　　如果你对现有的排行榜都不满意，那么最近还有一个好消息。一些欧洲机构认为现在针对全球的大学排行榜并不太客观，上榜的多是美国大学和一些欧洲的精英大学，而欧洲还有许许多多大学根本没有机会让其他地方的人了解。他们希望能推出欧盟发布的大学排行榜，而就在今年，这个新的排行榜可能就要诞生。

If you are not satisfied with the current list,So recently there is a good news.Some European institutions that now the global university list is not so objective,On this year's list are American university and some European elite university,And Europe has many university no opportunity for other local people to understand.They hope to launch the release of the list of the university,And this year,The new list may be born.

4个看榜选学校的方法 4 look at the list to choose the school method

　　1.学会客观比较

1. Learn to objective comparison

　　大学生活所包含的许多东西其实无法真正用数字反映出来。不过，我们可以利用大学学术水平这个关键属性，对各个学校进行客观比较。要记住的是，不要只盯着谁先谁后，而是从中看到不同学校的侧重。

University life contains many things actually cannot really reflect with digital.but,We can use the university academic level the key attribute,Each school to objective comparison.To remember is,Don't just stare at who should,But see on the different schools.

　　2.知道什么因素更重要

2. Know what factors more important

　　在许多留学顾问心中，专业排名比综合排名更重要。综合排名涉及学校的教学质量、研究水平、硬件设施等方面，过于宏大的指标未必都与学生有关。相比之下，专业排名体现了学校在某一专业领域的教研实力、毕业生就业率、研究经费储备等情况，对学生更具实际意义。另外，具体数据也比名次更重要。只看排名的做法是不可取的，而排行榜的具体数据却能给学生更多的信息。第三个需要知道的是，适合比好更重要。筛选排名中的数据，找出对自己有用的，利用这些数据进行学校比较，选择适合自己的学校。

In many consultants to study the heart,Professional rankings than comprehensive ranking is more important.Comprehensive ranking in the school quality of teaching/Research level/Hardware facilities, etc,Too grand indicators may not and the students.Compared with,Professional rankings reflect the school in a specific field of research strength/Graduates employment/Research funding reserve, etc,More practical significance for the students.In addition,Specific data is more important than competition.Look at the practice is not desirable,And the list of the specific data but it can give students more information.The third is the need to know,Suitable for is more important than good.Screening the data in the rankings,Find out the useful to oneself,Use of these data is school,Choose to suit their own school.

　　3.选出保底学校

3. Select the downside school

　　申请学校是一个需要智慧的事情。选好保底学校可以规避风险。如果把目标学校都定得很高，万一全部被拒绝就可能让留学计划变得很被动。拿到一份大学排行榜，不妨试着从下往上看，先设立一些参考指标，比如申请论文题目要求、美国本土的一些评论网站、自己的生活习惯等，然后从100多名到80多名找几个感兴趣的学校来研究，没有就再找80多名到60多名的，依次类推，直到确立了自己的保底学校。如果能申请到排名靠前的学校就当是对自己的奖励吧。

Apply for the school is a need of wisdom of things.Choose good school can avoid the downside risk.If the target schools are set very high,One thousand all rejected may make study plan become very passive.Given a list of the university,Might as well try from down to up to see,To set up some reference index,Such as the essay topic request/Native American some comment on site/Your life habits, etc,Then from more than 100 to more than 80 find a few interested in school to study,Not to find more than 80 to more than sixty name,And the like,To establish the school the downside.If you can apply to the top of the school to be his reward it.

　　4.顶级学校看排名，其他学校看专业

4. The top schools see rankings,Other schools look professional

　　所谓顶级学校是指那些通过百年历史的沉淀，已超越排行榜的学校，比如哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福、剑桥等。不管是商业的还是非商业的排行，都把它们排在榜单前列，但这些学校往往很难进入。除了顶级学校之外，20名以后的学校其实在知名度上并没有实质差异，所以，学生不妨根据专业、地域、奖学金等进行比较和选择。另外要提醒的是，如果你还没有非常明确自己的专业的话，可以选择一些目前知名度不高但其实未来很有前景的专业。 (来源：东方早报)

The so-called top schools are those through the one hundred - year history of the precipitation,Beyond the school list,Such as harvard/Yale/Stamford/Cambridge, etc.Whether commercial or non-commercial ranking,Put them in front row list,But often these schools is difficult to get into.In addition to outside the top schools,And after the name of the school actually in popularity and no substantial difference,so,Students might as well according to the professional/regional/The scholarship of comparison and selection.In addition to remind is,If you are not very clear their professional words,Can choose a few current awareness is not high but actually the future promising professional. (source:Oriental morning post)