1月17日，北京大学召开新闻通气会，宣布将与中学合作试点开设“中国大学先修课程”。据了解，微积分、电磁学等首批5门课程将进入中学校园，供高二学生选修。学生的选修课成绩将作为北大自主招生录取综合评价的重要依据。（1月18日《北京晚报》）

January 17,,Peking University held a press TongQiHui,Announced that it will open and the middle school cooperation pilot"The Chinese university first courses".It is understood,calculus/Electromagnetism and the first five course will enter high school campus,For school students take as an elective course.Student elective course grades will be independent as Peking University enrollment is an important basis of comprehensive evaluation.(1 month and day[Beijing evening news])

　　《新约·马太福音》中有一句话，“凡有的，还要加给他叫他多余；没有的，连他所有的也要夺过来”。这句话被称为“马太效应”，通俗一点讲，就是一种强者愈强，弱者愈弱的现象，通常被用来描述社会生活领域普遍存在的两极分化现象。

[The new testament · Matthew]There's a phrase in,"Whoever has,It shall be given to him that he redundant;no,Even what he has will be taken away".This sentence is called"Matthew effect",Popular point about,Is a kind of strong stronger,The phenomenon of the weak,Usually used to describe social areas widespread polarization phenomenon.

　　知名的、优秀的大学之所以知名，之所以优秀，是因为其对师资、资金等资源的集聚能力，以及其所教育出来的学生的优秀程度。优秀大学所拥有的强大资源，必然会对莘莘学子产生极大的吸引力，当某大学所能招收的学生数量的有限性，与打算报考该大学的学生的相对“无限”性之间产生矛盾时，该大学必然会设定一定的标准，对报考者进行筛选，取优去劣。

famous/Good university is famous,Are good,Because of the teachers/Capital resources converging ability,And the education of students coming out of excellence.Good university have the strong resources,Is bound to the large number of students have great attraction,When a university can recruit the limitation of the number of students,And going to enter oneself for an examination the university student's relative"infinite"The contradiction between sex,The university will set certain standards,To screen applicants,Take optimal rogue.

　　在资源稀缺的情况下，如果考核的办法足够公平，录取的过程足够公正，这样的筛选并不会在公众中引起什么非议。目前的高考制度，虽然有着诸多不尽如人意的地方，但却是被实践证明了的、在很大程度上能够保证公平、公正的录取制度。近些年，一些学校陆续推出了自主招生政策，作为高考制度的补充，这样做，确实有利于弥补高考制度之不足，因此也得到了公众的理解的支持。

In the case of scarce resources,If the measures of evaluation fair enough,Admission process fair enough,This screening will not cause any criticism in public.The current college entrance examination system,Although has many unsatisfactory problems in,But it is proved by practice/To a large extent to ensure fair/Fair admission system.In recent years,Some schools have introduced independent admissions policies,The college entrance examination system as supplement,do,Do to make up for the shortage of college entrance examination system,Therefore also get the public's understanding of the support.

　　但是，往前一步是公平，往前两步就有可能是不公平。北京大学推出的“中国大学先修课程”只是开设在部分学校，目前只是在搞试点，这样的试点是否会推广到所有的中学，不得而知。但从北大近几年推行的“校长推荐制”来看，推广到所有中学的可能性不大。这些课程，最终可能会停留在一些北大认定的重点中学为止。而且，从目前教育的不均衡程度来看，想让所有的中学，尤其是一些偏僻的乡村中学也开设此类课程，困难很大，几乎是不可能的。

but,Forward step is fair,Two steps forward may be unfair.Beijing university launched"The Chinese university first courses"Just set in a part of the school,At present only doing pilot,This pilot will spread to all the middle school,unknown.But in recent years from the north of the implementation"The principal recommendation system"To see,Promotion to all the possibility of high school is not big.These courses,Could eventually will stay in some north recognition of the key middle school so far.and,From the current education is not balanced degree to see,Want to let all of the middle school,Especially in some remote rural middle school also offers this kind of course,difficult,It is almost impossible.

　　能够因此而受益的也就仅是部分能够达到相应条件的中学。北大的招生名额是有限的，当这些拥有较高条件的学校供应的学生足够多时，其他条件较差的学校出来的学生，进入北大的渠道就会变窄，甚至变得不可能。但是，学校条件差并不意味着学生的成绩和能力差，这样的设计对于差学校里的优秀学生来说岂不是太不公平？

Can benefit the is only part of the corresponding conditions can achieve high school.Peking University enrollment quota is limited,When these conditions have a high school students as supply enough,Other conditions of the poor out of high school students,Into the north channel will narrow,Even impossible.but,The school does not mean that poor student performance and ability is poor,The design for poor school outstanding students not too unfair?

　　这样的结果，必然是“马太效应”在教育领域变得越来越严重城市中学的学生升入名校的机会越来越大，农村中学的学生升入名校的机会则越来越小；同在城市或同在乡村，条件好、实力强的中学的学生升入名校的机会越来越大，条件差、实力弱的中学的学生升入名校的机会越来越小。

The result,Must be"Matthew effect"In the education field becomes more and more serious urban middle school students to school opportunities is more and more big,The rural middle school students to school opportunity is smaller and smaller;With the presence of a city or country,Conditions are good/Strength of middle school students the opportunity to school is more and more big,condition/Strength weak of middle school students to school opportunities more and more small.

　　如此一来，必然是在客观上剥夺了一些优秀学生进入名校的机会。而这种剥夺，与他们是否足够聪明、是否足够能力没有必然的联系，而是在他们出生时起，或者在他们踏入某个学校的校门时起，就已经决定了。机会的不公平是最大的不公平，从这一点上来说，“中国大学先修课程”的开设尚须制度的规范，以免使这种不公平进一步固化。

so,Must be objectively deprived of some outstanding students into the school opportunities.And this kind of deprivation,And whether they are smart enough/Enough ability not necessarily associated,But they were born up,Or they step into a school in the school play,It has been decided.The opportunity is not fair is the biggest unfair,From this point of speaking,"The Chinese university first courses"The opening of the standard system is needed,In order to avoid the unfair further curing.

　　文/张楠之

Article/ZhangNanZhi

　　（原标题：试点“大学先修课程”须防“马太效应”）

(Original title:pilot"University first courses"Must prevent"Matthew effect")