7名孤儿命殒大火，他们的“妈妈”袁厉害20年来收养了百名弃婴，其规模已相当于一家民间孤儿院。但火灾之后收养被叫停，“爱心妈妈”失去孩子后的眼泪又心碎了世人。

7 orphans life down the fire,their"mother"Yuen badly twenty years adopted abandoned babies,Its scale has equivalent to a folk orphanage.But after the fire adoption have been stopped,"Love mother"After losing a child's tears and broken the world.

　　心碎背后，是我国相当一部分民间孤儿院“不出事自生自灭，出事后一散了之”的尴尬现实。

Heart behind,Is rather part of China's folk orphanage"Nature does not have an accident,Accident of a loose"Embarrassing reality.

　　“由于未走政府审批程序，我国大多数民间孤儿院处于‘合情不合法’的境地。”清华大学公共管理学院副院长、国家民政部特聘专家王名向中国青年报记者分析，“民间孤儿院的大方向是合法化，清晰的准入标准是第一步。”

"Due to not go government examination and approval procedures,Most of the country's folk in the orphanage‘Within illegal’situation."Tsinghua university, vice President of the college of public management/The ministry of civil affairs distinguished experts king name to the China youth daily reporter analysis,"Folk orphanage is the general direction of legalization,Clear access standard is the first step."

　　如何“叫停”袁厉害式爱心困局？

How to"called"Yuen severe type love this?

民间抚养成孤儿救助“主力”之一？ Folk raising into orphan rescue"main"of?

　　2010年年初，四川男子姜林自筹的重庆森森孤儿院因“未经审批”解散；2004年，河南省文楼村村民为百名艾滋孤儿建起孤儿院，被政府解散……袁厉害式的命运不是首次上演。

In early 2010,Sichuan man JiangLin self-finance chongqing for the orphanage"Without the approval"dissolution;In 2004,,WenLouCun villagers in henan province for AIDS orphans to build an orphanage,Dissolved by the government……Yuen severe type of destiny is not on for the first time.

　　“截至目前，没人能确切说清我国有多少民间孤儿院。但我知道未经民政部门审批的个人收养情况，是普遍存在的。”王名告诉记者。

"So far,No one can tell exactly how many folk orphanage in China.But I know that without civil administration department for examination and approval of personal adoption situation,Is widespread."The king's name told reporters.

　　下面这组数字，或许能佐证民间抚养的“蓬勃”。据兰考火灾后民政部消息：我国现有孤儿共约61.5万名，其中由民政部门儿童福利机构养育的有10.9万名，由亲属养育、其他监护人抚养和一些个人、民间机构抚养的孤儿有50多万名。

This number,May be able to evidence of folk raising"vigorous".According to the ministry of civil affairs LanKao fire after the news:China's current orphan about 615000,By the civil affairs department of child welfare agencies foster 109000,By the relative raising/Other guardian raising and some personal/Non-governmental organizations of raising orphans fifty more than.

　　初步估算，非政府力量的收养，能占到80%以上。

Preliminary estimate,Non-governmental adoption,Can account for more than 80%.

　　诸多媒体调查也在向社会揭示民间抚养力量的“不可或缺”。据央视报道，我国仅2%的县配备了官办的儿童福利院，大量孤儿被“袁厉害们”抚养着。

Many media survey also reveals to social folk raising power"indispensable".According to CCTV reported,Our country is only 2% of the county is equipped with official of the children's welfare home,By a large number of orphans"Yuen badly are"raise.

　　据中国青年报记者梳理，在安徽颍上县，就有一度是全国最大民间孤儿院的“王家玉孤儿院”，其先后共收养过503名孤儿；在湖南常德，普通农民杨绍军创办的阳光孤儿院收养了500多名孩子；在河南濮阳，一名由普通油田工人石丽梅创办的“梦翔培智园”，近十年间共收养14名残障儿童；在山西太原，普通农妇杨云仙在15年间抚养了40多个孩子，自办福利院“伯达尼之家”；在辽宁鞍山，摆摊卖水果为生的郑安宏抚养了11个孩子……

According to the China youth daily reporter comb,Yongxin as in the county,Once there is the largest of the folk orphanage"WangGuYu orphanage",It has a total of 503 orphans adoption;Changde in hunan,Ordinary farmers YangShaoJun founded sunshine orphanage adopted more than 500 children;In henan puyang,A ShiLiMei by ordinary oil field workers was established"Dream xiang society-adaptation garden",Nearly ten years a total of 14 adopted disabled children;Taiyuan in shanxi,Ordinary women in 15 years YangYunXian raised and more children,Self welfare home""Dani home";In liaoning anshan,A stall selling fruit ZhengAnHong raised eleven children……

　　“民间收养作为官方福利机构的有效补充，发挥着十分重大的作用。有些被媒体报道后而被政府部门所知，而更多的不为人所了解。”王名总结。

"Folk adoption as official welfare institutions effectively complement,Plays a very important role.Some media reported by the government department after knowledge,And more not understood."The king's name summary.

“无身份”、“缺资金”成民间孤儿院主要困境 "No identity"/"Lack of funds"The main difficulties into folk orphanage

　　即使没有火灾，“袁厉害们”的生存现状也不容乐观。中国青年报记者采访发现，“无身份”、“缺资金”是当前民间孤儿院的主要困境。

Even if no fire,"Yuen badly are"Survival present situation is not optimistic.The China youth daily reporters found,"No identity"/"Lack of funds"Is the current folk orphanage main difficulties.

　　“没有资金我可以去筹，但我不能违法。”已不复存在的重庆森森孤儿院前院长姜林告诉中国青年报记者，他曾是一名流浪儿，曾因抢劫罪被判入狱，刑满释放后创立了森森孤儿院，共收养30多名流浪儿童：“我想着要是把一个流浪儿童教育成功了，就是对社会成见的一种回击。”

"No money I can go to raise,But I'm not illegal."No longer exists of chongqing dense orphanage before JiangLin told the China youth daily reporter,He was a street urchin,Once for robbery was sentenced to life in prison,Release after founded the dense orphanage,Adoption of a total of more than 30 name street children:"I think if a street children education success,The social stigma is a kind of return."

　　但按照我国《社会福利机构管理暂行办法》，民间组织注册必须要有主管单位，否则就是“非法”。

But according to our country[Social welfare institutions management interim measures],Folk organization registered must have competent unit,Otherwise it is"illegal".

　　姜林告诉记者，两年间，他不是没找过主管单位，但民政局称个人开办流浪儿童收养机构，存在政策和法律的空白，要他找教委；教委称他办学的资金和场地都不符合条件，收留的又是流浪儿童，还该找民政局。

JiangLin told reporters,Two years,He did not come to the competent unit,But civil affairs bureau says personal open street children adoption agencies,Existing policies and laws of the blank,Will he find education commission;Education commission says he school funds and site does not meet the conditions,There is the street children,Is this for civil affairs bureau.

　　几番推诿后，一封匿名举报信随之而来，信中质疑：“政府有救助站等合法的公益机构不来做，却让一个无法监管的非法组织来做，是不是政府不作为？”2010年2月，大渡口区民政局宣布森森孤学院不合法，予以解散。

After a few "shuffle,An anonymous JuBaoXin followed,Letter questioned:"The government has the relief stations and legal public welfare institutions do not to do,But let a can't supervision of illegal organization to do,The government is not as?"In February 2010,Dadukou district civil affairs bureau announced the solitary college not legal,To dissolve it.

　　姜林的遭遇不是个案。中国青年报记者还了解到，因“无身份”而导致“缺资金”，是当前民间孤儿院的“共痛”之一。

JiangLin experience is not the case.The China youth daily reporter also learned,because"No identity"in"Lack of funds",Is the current folk in the orphanage"Common pain"of.

　　“一次在一个讲座上，有人告诉我现场可以为孤儿学院捐一笔资金。但很多企业希望能有民政局的官员来现场，监督这次捐款。”姜林说，他当即向民政局表达了希望支持的意愿，但最终，没有一个民政局官员出现在募捐现场。“很多老总都走了，那一次只募捐到了1070元。”

"Once in a seminar,Someone told me the fatherless college can donate a sum of money.But many enterprises hope to have civil affairs bureau officials will come to the site,Supervision and the donation."JiangLin said,He immediately to the civil affairs bureau expressed the hope to support,But in the end,Not a civil affairs bureau officials appear in the field."Many old total have gone,That is the time to collect only 1070 yuan."

　　无奈之下，解散前，姜林除了把自己的工资贴补进去外，有时不得不带着孩子摆摊。

Helpless under,Before dissolution,JiangLin in addition to their wages to contribute to the outside,Sometimes have to take their children to sell.

　　在河南南阳靳岗村，一所由12名爱心村民自发建立的民间孤儿院院长周凤桂告诉中国青年报记者，他们几年间已收养了30多个孤残儿童，但由于“资金、场所、人员不达标”，这个无偿救助孤残儿童的组织常年资金吃紧。

JinGang village in henan nanyang,A love by 12 villagers spontaneous established folk orphanage directors ZhouFengGui told China youth daily reporter,They have adopted a few years more than 30 gu incomplete children,But because"funds/place/Personnel is not eligible",The voluntary rescue gu incomplete children organization perennial tight money.

　　“没有合法化，孩子就无法上户口，最直接的后果是孩子们没法享受政府补助。”周凤桂说，“孩子们要吃穿，还得治疗，资金基本上都靠我们开菜园、养猪、养鸡，自己一点点挣。”

"No legalization,The child can't hukou,The most direct consequence is that the children can't enjoy the government subsidies."ZhouFengGui said,"The children want to food and clothing,Have to treat,Fund basically all we have on the garden/pigs/chicken,Yourself a little make."

　　记者检索发现，媒体报道出的不少“灰色”民间孤儿院，或多或少都在凭一己之力苦撑。

Reporters found retrieval,Media reports out of many"grey"Folk orphanage,More or less by on my own bitter brace.

　　如湖南衡阳的刘启宣，每月收入800元却收留抚养了两名弃婴，为省钱给孩子买奶粉，他每天只吃一顿饭；河北西伯章村的一对夫妇十几年间抚养了14个残疾弃婴，条件同样清苦；创办“伯达尼之家”的杨云仙，为照料孩子倾尽所有，一直未婚；收养11名孤儿的郑安宏，每月水果摊的收入不光要维持孩子生活，还要给孩子交学费，给患病的孩子看病。

If LiuQiXuan in hengyang of hunan province,Monthly income is 800 yuan but received raised two abandoned babies,To save money to buy milk powder for children,Every day he ate only one meal;Hebei west "chapter village couple decades raised 14 disability abortion,Condition also poor;founded""Dani home"YangYunXian of,For taking care of the children all the best,Have been unmarried;Adopt 11 of the fatherless ZhengAnHong,Monthly income means not only to maintain child lives,To give the child to pay tuition,See a doctor to the sick child.

　　即使得到了政府补贴，一些孤儿院似乎也入不敷出。

Even from the government subsidies,Some of the orphanage seemed to make ends meet.

　　据阳光孤儿院院长杨绍军称，自孤儿院创建以来，他把自己挣来的1700多万元几乎全部用在了孩子身上。现在孤儿院每年支出500多万，政府根据政策每年补助200多万，仍需要“压缩家里的开支，来保证孩子的正常开支。”

According to the sun YangShaoJun orphanage directors said,Since since the establishment of the orphanage,He earned more than 1700 yuan in almost all the children.Now each year more than 500 orphanages spending,The government subsidies policy according to each year more than 200,Still need"Compression of spending at home,To ensure the child's normal spending."

专家：让达标的尽快阳光化，不达标的政府帮达标 experts:Let the sunshine of change as soon as possible,The government is not eligible for standard

　　并不是所有的民间孤儿院都是灰暗命运。

Not all the folk orphanage is gloomy destiny.

　　2012年年初“转正”的颍上县王家玉孤儿院，就是其中一个幸运例子。73岁的“中国孤儿之父”王家玉告诉中国青年报记者，当地民政部门曾给他收养的199名孤儿配发了最低生活保障，2010年颍上县民政局又成为其主管单位，为孤儿院中所有孩子办理了户口。2011年孤儿院被纳入国家福利体系，未满18岁的孤儿都能享受到由国家、省级和地方三级财政配给的每人每月1000元补助。现在，它已终结“民办”身份，成为颍上县社会儿童福利院。

In early 2012"Become a full member"In the ying county WangGuYu orphanage,Is one of the lucky example.The 73 - year - old"The father of Chinese orphans"WangGuYu told China youth daily reporter,The local civil affairs departments have given her adopted 199 orphans allotted the minimum life guarantee,In 2010 the ying county civil affairs bureau and become the competent unit,For an orphanage in all children to deal with the account.In 2011 the orphanage was incorporated in the state welfare system,Under eighteen years old orphan can enjoy by the state/Provincial and local level 3 financial matching each every months 1000 yuan subsidy.now,It has put an end to the"Run by the local people"identity,Become the ying county social welfare home for children.

　　同样以爱心为起点，为何不同的民间孤儿院命运迥异？

The same with love as a starting point,Why different folk orphanage different fate?

　　“目前，‘是否合法’是我国民间孤儿院命运的分水岭。”王名认为，“而相关法律的缺位，造成大量民间孤儿院的命运存在不确定性，最终走向何方，主要受控于地方政府的态度。”

"At present,‘Is legal’Is our country folk orphanage the fate of the watershed."The king's name that,"And the absence of relevant laws,Caused a lot of folk orphanage fate uncertain,Final where,Mainly controlled by local government attitude."

　　失去孩子后，袁厉害的眼泪刺痛人心，孩子们同样“想妈妈”。但也有基层民政部门在接受媒体采访时“吐苦水”称，民政部门解散一些民间孤儿院并非“不近人情”。比如拉萨市民政部门相关负责人就表示，民间福利机构容易站在道德高地上，但客观存在着场地狭窄、环境较差等问题，并且其大多没有固定场所，负责人经常无法联系，想找到孩子在哪里都是件困难的事，增加了监管难度。此外，孩子的健康成长需要财政、教育、建设、公安等部门的联合支持，仅靠一己之力，很难整合上述资源。

After losing a child,Yuen badly tears pricked the heart,The children also"Want to mother".But also have departments of civil affairs at the grass-roots level, when being interviewed by the media"beefing"says,Civil affairs department is not dissolved some folk orphanage"unkindness".Such as the departments of civil affairs in Lhasa, the relevant person in charge said,Folk welfare agencies easy to stand in the moral high ground,But there are objective narrow space/Environment is poor etc,And the most no fixed place,Person in charge often unable to contact,Want to find out where the child is difficult,Increased the difficulty of supervision.In addition,The health and sound growth of children need to finance/education/construction/The public security departments of the joint support,Only by on my own,It is difficult to integrate the resources.

　　王名同意民间孤儿院的局限，但他认为，政府对民间慈善应告别懒政，不再“不出事自生自灭，出事后一散了之”。

The king's name agreed to the limitations of folk orphanage,But he thinks,The government of the folk charity should say goodbye to lazy administration,No longer"Nature does not have an accident,Accident of a loose".

　　“政府要积极做两件事：制定一套民间爱心准入的标准，为不达标的爱心机构提供支持体系。”他说。

"The government should actively to do two things:Formulate a set of folk love access standards,For the love of the institutions to provide support system."He said.

　　“一个民间机构所提供的安全和权益很难得到保障，只靠良心、道德不具备刚性约束力。因此，相关的政策法规要尽快完善，孤儿的民间收养要确定国家标准，即必须具备一定的经济实力、必要设施和专业能力。”王名建议，不是所有人都适合收养孤儿，民政部门应该在全国范围进行一次“摸底”，尽快把符合标准的爱心机构找出来，登记编号，让它们在阳光下运行。

"A non-governmental organization provides safety and rights is hard to be guaranteed,Only by conscience/Moral does not have rigid binding upon both parties.so,Relevant policies and regulations to improve as soon as possible,Orphan folk adopted to determine the national standards,That must have a certain economic strength/The necessary facilities and professional ability."The king's name suggest,Not everyone is suitable for orphans,Civil affairs departments should be in a nationwide"Touch bottom",Conforms to the standard as soon as possible to find out the mechanism of love,Registration Numbers,Let them run in the sun.

　　如果有机构暂时不够达标条件，怎么办？“政府可以给予支持，帮助它们提高能力。”王名说，“这不光是一个金钱补贴的问题，更在于能力建设。既然政府提供不了直接服务，它至少可以帮助其它提供服务的机构提升能力，然后转为合法机构。”(记者 王梦婕 实习生 张轶婷)

If there is a mechanism for the conditions is not enough,do?"The government can give support,Help them enhance their ability."The king's name said,"This is not just a question of money subsidies,More in power construction.Since the government does not provide direct service,It can at least help other service institutions hoisting capacity,And then into a legal organization."(Reporter WangMengJie ZhangYiTing interns)