日前，教育部等5部门印发了《关于加强义务教育阶段农村留守儿童关爱和教育工作的意见》(以下简称《意见》)，对在新形势下加强农村留守儿童工作提出了明确要求。为此，记者采访了教育部等5部门有关负责人。

a,The ministry of education issued by the five departments[On strengthening the obligation education stage rural left-behind children care and education work opinion](Hereinafter referred to as[opinion]),In the new situation to strengthen the rural left-behind children put forward clear requirements.therefore,The reporter interviewed the ministry of education and other relevant person in charge of 5 departments.

　　1.问：出台《意见》的背景是什么? 1. Ask:issued[opinion]What is the background of the?

　　答：近年来，随着我国工业化、城镇化深入发展，进城务工人员不断增多，一些夫妻同时外出务工，把孩子留在家乡，出现了大量留守儿童。根据最新统计数据，义务教育阶段留守儿童达2200万人。

a:In recent years,Along with our country industrialization/Further development of urbanization,The increase of rural migrant workers,Some parents and migrant workers,The children stay at home,Appeared a lot of left-behind children.According to the latest statistics,Compulsory education stage left-behind children up to 22 million people.

　　加强留守儿童工作具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。这项工作是贯彻落实科学发展观的生动体现，是推进城乡协调发展、加强和创新社会管理、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要措施，是解决进城务工人员后顾之忧的有效手段。党的十八大进一步强调，积极推动农民工子女平等接受教育，让每个孩子都能成为有用之才。

Strengthen the left-behind children work has important realistic significance and far-reaching historical significance.This work is implementing the scientific concept of development the vivid reflection,It is to advance the harmonious development of city/To strengthen the social management and innovation/The construction socialism harmonious society's important measures,Is to solve migrant workers worries effective means.The party's eighteen big further emphasized,Actively promote the children of peasant workers equal accept education,Let every child can become good.

　　党中央、国务院十分关心留守儿童，要求从民族未来、经济发展、社会和谐的高度认真做好留守儿童工作。温家宝总理在2010年教师节前夕视察河北张北县时指出，要以政府为主导，加大对农村留守儿童的关爱和服务工作的力度。2012年“六一”节前夕，温总理专程赴湖南湘西武陵山区看望留守儿童。在2012年9月7日召开的全国教师工作暨“两基”工作总结表彰大会上，温总理讲话中再次强调，要解决好留守儿童上学问题。刘延东国务委员也要求教育部等有关部门根据实际调研情况，专门制定文件，加强留守儿童工作。

The party central committee/The state council are very concerned about the left-behind children,From the national future requirements/Economic development/The height of the social harmony earnestly left-behind children work.Premier wen jiabao in 2010 on the eve of teacher's day visit hebei ZhangBeiXian out,To the government as the leading,To increase rural left-behind children care and service work dynamics.In 2012,"June 1"Festival eve,Premier wen jiabao flew to wuling mountainous area of hunan province to visit left-behind children.In on September 7, 2012 at the national teachers' work and"Two base"Work on the summary commendation congress,Premier wen jiabao speech again,To solve the problem of unattended children to go to school.LiuYanDong state councilor also calls for the ministry of education and other relevant departments according to the actual research situation,Specifically formulated file,Strengthen the left-behind children work.

　　在党中央、国务院领导下，教育部、全国妇联、中央综治办、团中央、中国关工委等部门就加强农村留守儿童健康成长做了大量工作和探索，形成了一系列行之有效的工作模式。2011年，教育部、全国妇联等部门召开了全国农村留守儿童工作经验交流现场会，全面总结交流近10年来农村留守儿童工作经验。在此基础上，教育部等5部门经过反复论证、修订，形成了本《意见》，将好的经验和做法上升为政策，并根据新情况提出新要求。《意见》的出台对于全面、深入推进农村留守儿童关爱和教育工作非常必要。

The central committee of the/Under the leadership of the state council,The ministry of education/The all-china women's federation/The central ZongZhiBan/Group central/China closes working committee and other departments will strengthen rural left-behind children healthy growth do a lot of work and explore,Formed a series of effective work model.In 2011,,The ministry of education/The all-china women's federation and other departments held the national rural left-behind children working experience will communicate,Comprehensive summary communication nearly ten years working experience in rural left-behind children.On the basis of,The ministry of education and other 5 departments after repeated argumentation/revised,Formed the[opinion],The good experience and practices up for policy,According to the new situation and puts forward new requirements.[opinion]Come on stage for completely/Deepening rural left-behind children care and education work is very necessary.

　　2.问：《意见》的提出的主要任务是什么? 2. Ask:[opinion]Put forward the main task is to???????

　　答：尽管各地都在积极采取措施不断加强农村留守儿童工作，并取得了一定成效，但由于留守儿童数量众多，分布在广大农村，有的与父母长期分离，在亲情关怀、生活照顾、家庭教育和安全保护等方面还面临一些突出问题，最近媒体反映在贵州、河南、江西等地发生的一些悲剧，都警示全社会特别是政府部门和社会组织必须切实对留守儿童已经出现和可能出现的种种问题加以解决，进一步做好留守儿童教育和关爱工作。加强农村义务教育阶段留守儿童关爱和教育工作，我们主要从提高教育条件保障水平、教育教学水平和社会关爱服务机制建设水平等三方面对有关部门提出了工作任务。

a:Although all are taking active measures to strengthen the rural left-behind children work,And have achieved some results,But as a result of left-behind children numerous,Distribution in the vast rural areas,Some parents and long-term separation,In the family care/Take care of life/Family education and safety protection is still faced with some problems,The recent media reflected in guizhou/henan/Jiangxi happen some tragedy,All warning the whole society especially government departments and social organizations must earnestly to left-behind children has appeared and possible problems to solve,Further completes the left-behind children education and care work.To strengthen the rural compulsory education stage left-behind children care and education work,We mainly from the education condition to improve the level of security/Education teaching level and social care service mechanism construction level and the relevant departments of the three aspects put forward work task.

　　针对切实改善留守儿童教育条件，要求力争做到“三优先”：优先满足留守儿童教育基础设施建设;优先改善留守儿童营养状况;优先保障留守儿童交通需要。说到底，就是优先照顾贫困地区的留守儿童有学校寄宿、吃好饭、上下学方便。

To effectively improve left-behind children education condition,Requirements so as to ensure that"Three priority":Give priority to left-behind children education infrastructure construction;Priority to improve left-behind children nutrition;Priority security left-behind children traffic needs.In the final analysis,Priority is to take care of the poor areas of left-behind children have boarding school/Eat a good meal/ShangXiaXue convenient.

　　针对不断提高留守儿童教育水平，主要从地方教育行政部门和学校角度，就如何提高留守儿童教育水平提出“四加强”：加强留守儿童受教育全程管理;加强留守儿童心理健康教育;加强留守儿童安全教育;加强家校联动组织工作。说到底，就是要让留守儿童在学校里更加受重视、受关怀，保证身心健康的同时多学生活知识和技能，养成良好习惯。

According to the constantly improve the left-behind children education level,Mainly from the local education administrative departments and schools Angle,And how to improve the left-behind children education level set"Four strengthen":Strengthen the left-behind children education by the management;Strengthen the left-behind children mental health education;Strengthen the left-behind children safety education;To strengthen the family school linkage organizational work.In the final analysis,Is to let the left-behind children in school more valued/caring,Ensure the physical and mental health and life to learn more knowledge and skills,Good habit.

　　针对逐步构建社会关爱服务机制，主要从动员和组织社会各界采取多种形式参与留守儿童工作，形成社会关爱体系的角度，提出了加强留守儿童工作的“三支持”：支持做好留守儿童家庭教育工作;支持做好留守儿童社区关爱服务;支持做好留守儿童社会关爱活动。说到底，就是要让留守儿童在校外受到全社会关心，走到哪里都不孤单，都不受伤害，都有幸福感。

According to gradually build a social care service mechanism,Mainly from the mobilize and organize the social from all walks of life to take a variety of forms to participate in left-behind children work,Form the point of view of social care system,Puts forward to strengthen the left-behind children work"Three support":Support for the left-behind children family education work;Support for the left-behind children community care services;Support for the left-behind children's social care activities.In the final analysis,Is to let the left-behind children in the school have received the entire social concern,Go to where are not lonely,All don't hurt,Have happiness.

　　3.问：如何切实改善留守儿童教育条件? 3. Ask:How to effectively improve left-behind children education conditions?

　　答：应该说，随着农村义务教育的长足发展，留守儿童都有学上了。关键是有些孩子由于父母不在身边或家远，想寄宿，这就要求建好寄宿制学校，优先满足他们需要。有的虽能寄宿，但生活设施条件太差，这就要求改善条件，让他们住得更好一些。特别边远和贫困的地区，由于生活条件整体差，孩子们吃不好，特别是留守的孩子，受到关照更少，这就要求在实施营养改善计划时多关心他们。走读的留守学生，由于父母不在身边，可能会无人接送，路途上容易发生事故，这就要求优先保障他们上下学交通需求。

a:Should say,With the rapid development of rural compulsory education,Left-behind children have to learn the.The key is some children because parents are not at nearby or the home far,Want to boarding,This requires build residential schools,Priority to meet their needs.Some can be boarding,But life facilities poor conditions,This requires improving conditions,Let them live better.Special remote and poor areas,Due to the living conditions of the overall difference,The children eat is bad,Especially the left-behind children,Attention is less,This requires in the implementation of nutrition improvement plan more about them.Day of left-behind students,Because parents are not around,May no one shuttle,On the way to the accident,This requires priority security they ShangXiaXue traffic demand.

　　针对优先满足留守儿童教育基础设施建设，留守儿童集中的地区，要通过科学规划建设农村寄宿制学校，优先满足留守儿童寄宿需求。努力实施好重大建设工程，使农村寄宿制学校的教室、宿舍、食堂、厕所、浴室等办学条件得到明显改善，有安全卫生的饮用水，确保每名寄宿生有一个标准床位。提高经费标准，让农村寄宿制学校良好运转。为寄宿制学校配备必要的生活教师。不断健全各项管理制度，用好这些基础设施。

According to the priority meet left-behind children education infrastructure construction,Left-behind children concentrated area,Through scientific planning and construction of rural residential schools,Give priority to left-behind children boarding demand.Implement good major construction project,Make the rural residential school classroom/dormitory/Dining room/toilet/The bathroom school running conditions have been improved obviously,Have health and safety of drinking water,To ensure that every name boarder a standard beds.Improve funds standard,Let the rural residential school good operation.For residential schools equipped with necessary life teachers.Constantly improve the management system,Make good use of these infrastructure.

　　针对优先改善留守儿童营养状况，集中连片特殊困难地区及其他留守儿童集中地区，在国家组织实施的农村义务教育学生营养改善计划和地方组织实施的营养改善项目中，要建立留守儿童用餐登记台账和营养状况档案，优先保障留守儿童用餐需求，合理安排膳食结构，切实改善留守儿童营养状况。还未实施营养改善计划的地区，要积极创造条件，优先解决好留守儿童在校吃饭问题。

According to the priority to improve left-behind children nutritional status,Concentrated special difficult areas and other left-behind children inhabited areas,In the national organization of the implementation of the rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan and organize the implementation of local nutrition improvement project,To establish left-behind children have dinner registration parameter and nutritional status file,Priority security left-behind children dining demand,Reasonable arrangement of dietary structure,To improve the left-behind children nutritional status.Also did not implement nutrition improvement plan area,To actively create conditions,Give priority to good left-behind children to school.

　　针对优先保障留守儿童交通需求，留守儿童集中的地区，要充分考虑留守儿童数量和分布状况等因素，合理设置学校或教学点，优先保障留守儿童能够就近走读入学，减少上下学交通风险。对于确实难以保障就近入学的地区，要合理规划公共交通，为留守儿童上下学提供交通条件。对于公共交通难以满足的地区，要创造条件提供校车服务，加强安全管理，保障留守儿童优先乘坐。

According to the priority security left-behind children traffic demand,Left-behind children concentrated area,Fully consider the left-behind children quantity and distribution factors,Setting up reasonable school or school,Priority security left-behind children can nearby day entrance,To reduce the risk of ShangXiaXue traffic.Is really difficult to guarantee for near entrance area,Be reasonable planning and public transportation,For the left-behind children ShangXiaXue provide traffic conditions.For the public transport is difficult to meet the area,To create conditions to provide school bus service,To strengthen the safety management,Security left-behind children take priority.

　　4.问：如何不断提高留守儿童教育水平? 4. Ask:How to continuously improve the left-behind children education level?

　　答：留守儿童关爱和教育问题不只是传统的传道、授业、解惑问题，内容要丰富得多，任务要繁重得多。学校要弄清楚留守儿童的底数以及家庭状况、父母的一些基本情况等，要能够与父母保持有效联系和沟通。对留守儿童的教育不只是文化课知识的哺育，更重要的是心理健康教育的慰藉，还要教会其生存和生活的技能，教会其守法且不被伤害。学校要发挥好家长委员会等组织的作用，引导家长依法履行对孩子监护的第一责任人义务。

a:Left-behind children care and education problems not only traditional to preach/lesson/To reassure problem,Much more content,The tasks to be much more heavy.Schools should make it clear base number of left-behind children and family status/Parents of some of the basic situation, etc,With their parents to be able to maintain effective contact and communication.The education of left-behind children not only knowledge of literacy class of feeding,More important is the psychological health education of comfort,Also to teach their survival and life skills,The church to obey the law and not be hurt.Schools should play a good parent committee and the function of the organization,Guide the parents to the child care to perform their obligation to the first responsible persons.

　　针对加强留守儿童受教育全程管理，地方教育行政部门和学校要在新学期学生报到时全面了解留守儿童学籍变动情况，将父母外出务工情况和监护人变化情况逐一进行登记并及时更新，为有针对性地开展管理服务工作提供支持。要重点提高班主任照料留守儿童的能力。要将关爱留守儿童成长纳入少先队和共青团组织各项活动。

To strengthen the left-behind children education by the management,Local education administrative departments and schools to students in the new semester when reporting a thorough knowledge of the left-behind children student status changes,Will the parents go out to be workers and guardian change in registration and update,For targeted to carry out the management services to provide support.To focus on increasing the ability of teacher take care of left-behind children.Will love left-behind children grow into the young pioneers and the communist youth league organization activities.

　　针对加强留守儿童心理健康教育，学校要将留守儿童心理教育纳入教育教学计划。要引导留守儿童积极参与体育、艺术、社会实践等活动，缓解其孤独情绪。班主任和心理教师要密切关注留守儿童思想动向，努力弥补其家庭温暖的缺失。对学习困难的要激发其学习兴趣。要提高工作技巧性，避免将留守儿童标签化。

To strengthen the left-behind children mental health education,The school will left-behind children psychological education into the education teaching plan.To guide the left-behind children actively participate in sports/art/Social practice activities,Alleviate the lonely mood.The teacher in charge and psychological teachers should pay close attention to left-behind children thought trend,Trying to make up for the lack of family warmth.With learning difficulties to arouse their interest in learning.To improve the technical work,Avoid left-behind children tagging appears.

　　针对加强留守儿童法制安全教育，要组织安全演练，提高防范意识，增强留守儿童自救自护、应急避险能力，预防溺水、煤气中毒、食物中毒等意外事故对留守儿童的伤害。各部门要推进保护留守儿童的法制建设，及早发现和纠正个别留守儿童的不良行为;同时，预防留守儿童违法犯罪现象发生。加强人防、物防、技防，切实维护学校周边秩序，保障学生人身安全。

To strengthen the left-behind children legal system safety education,Want to organize safety practice,awareness,Enhance left-behind children save from the guard/Emergency hedge ability,Prevent drowning/Gas poisoning/Food poisoning accident damage of left-behind children.Each department, we need to promote the construction of legal system of protection of left-behind children,Early detection and correction of individual left-behind children's bad behavior;At the same time,Prevention of left-behind children crime happened.To strengthen the civil air defence/thing/safety,The maintenance school circumjacent order,Ensuring the students personal safety.

　　针对加强家校联动组织工作，留守儿童集中的学校和班级组建家长委员会时，要遴选热心留守儿童工作的家长或监护人参加。家长委员会要引导外出务工家长以各种方式关心留守儿童，支持、推动学校对学习和生活困难的进行特殊帮扶。要发挥家长学校的作用，增强家长做好家庭教育的意识和能力。要强化留守儿童父母监护责任，逐步从根本上缓解留守儿童家庭环境缺失问题。

To strengthen the family school linkage organizational work,Left-behind children concentration of school and class a committee of the parents,Want to select enthusiastic left-behind children work to parents or guardian.Parents committee to guide the migrant workers in a variety of ways parents care left-behind children,support/To promote the school learning and life difficult for special supporting.Parents should play the role of the school,Enhance parents do family education consciousness and ability.Must strengthen the left-behind children parents care responsibility,Step by step to solve fundamentally the left-behind children lack of family environment.

　　5.问：如何逐步构建社会服务机制? 5. Ask:How to gradually build a social service mechanism?

　　答：应当说，学校是关爱和教育留守儿童工作的重要阵地，但远不是全部。留守儿童大量时间生活在学校以外的社会环境里，加强留守儿童工作全社会都有责任，做好留守儿童工作必须靠全社会的努力和联动。留守儿童在校园里相对安全，到社会上也应该平安幸福，这是全面建成小康社会的本质要求。

a:To say,School is care and education left-behind children of the important position,But it is not all.Left-behind children a lot of time living in school outside of the social environment,Strengthen the left-behind children work it is the responsibility of the whole society,Completes the left-behind children work must rely on the whole social efforts and linkage.Left-behind children relatively safe in the campus,To the society should also be peace and happy,This is the comprehensive well-off society in the essential requirements.

　　针对支持做好留守儿童家庭教育工作，各级妇联组织、关工委组织要充分发挥在家庭教育指导服务工作中的独特优势，协调有关方面大力宣传家庭教育在留守儿童成长中的重要作用，促进家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育的有机衔接。综治组织、教育部门、共青团组织要协调配合妇联组织和关工委组织面向不同年龄阶段家长、不同类型家庭，围绕留守儿童健康状况监测、生活习惯养成、学习兴趣培养等方面开展富有特色的家庭教育指导服务活动。

According to support for the left-behind children family education work,The women's organizations at all levels/Closes working committee organization should be brought into full play in the family education guidance service work has the unique advantages,Coordinate the publicity of family education in the left-behind children growing important role,Promote family education/School education and social education organic link.ZongZhi organization/Education department/The communist youth league organizations should coordinate with the women's federation organization and closes working committee organization for different age stages parents/Different types of family,Around the left-behind children health condition monitoring/Life habits/Interest in learning culture in rich family education characteristic of guidance service activities.

　　针对支持做好留守儿童社区关爱服务，在留守儿童集中的社区和村组，要充分发挥妇女儿童之家、文化活动站、青少年校外活动中心、乡村少年宫、“七彩小屋”等在关爱留守儿童工作中的重要作用，完善管理制度，促进其规范运行。通过设立留守儿童之家、托管中心等形式，聘请社会工作者和社会公益人士参与，开展经常性的活动。倡导邻里互助，认真选择有意愿、负责任的家庭，采取全托管或半托管的形式照料留守儿童。避免出现个别留守儿童生病无人过问和照看的情况。建立16周岁以下学龄留守儿童登记制度，以保证将其纳入教育等基本公共服务体系。

According to support for the left-behind children community care service,In the left-behind children concentrated community and we,To give full play to the home of the women and children/Culture HuoDongZhan/After-school activities center/Rural children's palace/"Colorful hut"Love in the vital role of left-behind children,Perfect management system,Promote the standard operation.Through the establishment of left-behind children home/Daycare centers and other forms,Invites the social workers and social people participate in,Carry out regular activities.Advocate neighborhood mutual,Will choose carefully/Responsible family,Take full custody or half managed form care left-behind children.Avoid individual left-behind children sick untouched and taking care of the situation.Set up under the age of 16 school left-behind children registration system,To ensure the education into the basic public service system.

　　针对支持做好留守儿童社会关爱活动，鼓励创新工作方式和手段，利用现代信息技术设备和网络通讯手段开展活动，方便外出务工家长和留守儿童的联系。推广“代理家长”模式，广泛动员社会力量，开展行之有效的关爱活动。有条件的地方，要利用寒暑假组织开展冬令营、夏令营等活动，创造机会让留守儿童与父母团聚。加大妇联组织做好留守儿童关爱服务体系试点工作的力度，探索符合当地实际的留守儿童关爱服务新机制、新模式和新途径。加大共青团关爱农民工子女志愿服务行动实施力度，动员更多青年以志愿服务方式关爱留守儿童。

According to support for the left-behind children's social care activities,Encourage innovation mode and means,By making use of modern information technology and network communication means to carry out activities,Convenient migrant workers parents and left-behind children contact.promotion"Agent parents"mode,Widely mobilize social forces,To carry out effective care activities.Places where conditions permit,To use the organization carries out the winter summer and winter vacation/Summer camp activities,Create the opportunity for left-behind children reunited with their parents.Increase women's federation organization do left-behind children care service system trial work dynamics,Explore in accordance with local actual left-behind children care service mechanism/A new pattern and new ways.Increase the communist youth league care for the children of peasant workers volunteer service action to carry out strength,To mobilize more youth volunteer service way love left-behind children.

　　6.问：落实《意见》的关键是什么? 6. Ask:implement[opinion]What is the key?

　　答：2010年国务院颁布的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》强调，建立健全政府主导、社会参与的农村留守儿童关爱服务体系和动态监测机制。由此可见，加强留守儿童工作是政府的责任、社会的责任、家庭的责任，单靠某一方面都很难做好。为此，我们提出了加强留守儿童工作的原则，只有贯彻这些原则，《意见》提出的各项任务才能切实落到实处。

a:In 2010, the state council promulgated[National medium and long-term education reform and development plan outline(2010-2020)]emphasize,Establish and improve the government leading/Social participation of rural left-behind children care service system and dynamic monitoring mechanism.Thus it can be seen,Strengthen the left-behind children work is the obligation of government/Social responsibility/Responsibility of the family,Only by one hand it is difficult to do.therefore,We put forward the principle of work to strengthen the left-behind children,Only implement these principles,[opinion]Put forward the various tasks to make into effect.

　　要坚持政府主导、统筹规划。把留守儿童工作纳入地方经济社会发展总体规划和社会管理创新体系之中，根据地域环境特征、经济社会状况、留守儿童分布及工作进展情况，统筹规划、分类指导，积极开展探索实践，形成有效的留守儿童关爱服务模式。

To adhere to the guidance of the government/Overall planning.The left-behind children work in line with the local economic and social development planning and social management innovation in the system,According to the characteristics of the regional environment/Economic and social status/Left-behind children distribution and work progress,Overall planning/Classification guidance,Actively carry out exploration practice,Form effective left-behind children care service mode.

　　要坚持家校联动、形成合力。充分发挥学校和家庭在关爱留守儿童成长中的重要作用，共同关注留守儿童在校学习期间和家庭生活中的各方面需求，及时相互沟通，对单亲家庭、特殊困难家庭留守儿童给予更多关爱，形成学校与家庭亲情接力、密切配合、有机联动、合力推进的良好局面。

To adhere to the home school linkage/To form the joint effort.Give full play to the school and the family in love left-behind children growing important role,The common attention left-behind children during school study and all aspects of family life in demand,Timely communication,For single parent families/Special difficult family left-behind children give more love,Form the school and family affection relay/Closely cooperate with/Organic linkage/Force promoting the good situation.

　　要坚持社会参与、共同关爱。鼓励、动员和组织社会各部门、各界人士参与关爱留守儿童工作，营造全社会共同关爱留守儿童的良好氛围。开展多种形式的关爱活动，建立全社会立体式关爱服务网络，逐步形成长效机制，促进留守儿童健康成长。

To adhere to the social participation/Common love.encourage/To mobilize and organize all social department/People from all walks of life to participate in love left-behind children work,To build the whole society to care left-behind children good atmosphere.Carry out various forms of care activities,The whole society set up integrated care service network,Gradually formed long-term mechanism,To promote the healthy growth of left-behind children.

　　教育部门、妇联组织、综治组织、共青团组织和关工委组织要在党委、政府领导下，通过实施行动计划的方式，进一步明确各部门责任，建立健全工作推进机制，一步一个脚印，不断提升留守儿童关爱服务水平。

Education department/Women's federation organization/ZongZhi organization/The communist youth league organizations and closes working committee organization in the party committee/Under the leadership of the government,Through the implementation of action plan way,Further clear departments responsibility,Establish and perfect the work promoting mechanism,One step at a time,Continuously improve left-behind children care service level.