2013年，改革仍是教育的主旋律。“深化教育领域综合改革”，成为今年教育部“一号文件”的主题。综合改革从哪里入手？从2008年开始，中国教育科学研究院先后与杭州市下城区、成都市青羊区、大连市金州新区、深圳市南山区、宁波市鄞州区、宁波市北仑区、重庆市九龙坡区等地方政府签署合作协议，进行区域教育综合改革实验。

In 2013,,Reform is still the theme of education."Deepening the education field comprehensive reform",Become this year the ministry of education"A document no."theme.Comprehensive reform from where to start?Starting from 2008,China's education scientific research institute and has XiaChengOu hangzhou/Chengdu QingYangOu/The new dalian golden state/Shenzhen nanshan district/Ningbo yinzhou district/Beilun district/The chongqing Kowloon slope area and the local government signed a cooperative agreement,Regional education comprehensive reform experiment.

　　 几年来，这些“实验田”收获了什么？这“摸着石头过河”中引路的“石头”，带给我们什么启示？

In the past few years,these"Testing field for"Harvest what?this"Crossing the river by groping the stone"Guide in"stone",Bring us what apocalypse?

　　

启示一： Revealed a:

　　

“组合拳”打开新局面 "combination"Opened the new situation

　　 当下，异地高考是最热的话题之一，“围墙内”和“围墙外”的利益群体博弈正劲，人们不由感慨：现在，“教育问题”越来越不局限于教育领域了！就拿异地高考来说，牵涉到我国的户籍制度、社会管理等一系列问题，绝非一个“教育部门”能够解决。

the,Different college entrance examination is one of the hottest topics,"fence"and"Outside walls"The interest group game is strength,People don't feeling:now,"Education problem"More and more is not limited to the education field!Take different for the college entrance examination,Involves China's household registration system/Social management and so on a series of problems,Is by no means a"Education department"Can solve.

　　 是的，经过30年的探索，我国教育领域的单项改革已基本完成，面临的新情况新问题，无论是体制改革还是人才培养机制改革，无论是校车安全还是义务教育均衡发展，都不再是某个学校、某个部门“一己之力”所能完成。不同群体的诉求，越来越难以用简单方法应对；一些“自上而下”的改革，在实施中有时尴尬地遇到“水土不服”；一些“自下而上”的改革，在推动过程中阻力重重……

yes,After 30 years of exploration,Education in China in the field of single reform has been completed,Facing the new situation of the new problems,Whether system reform or talent cultivation mechanism reform,Whether the school bus safety or compulsory education balanced development,No longer is a school/A department"On my own"Can complete.Different groups of appeal,More and more difficult to use simple method to deal with;some"From top to bottom"reform,In the implementation of the sometimes embarrassedly meet"Unaccustomed to the climate";some"bottom-up"reform,In promoting the process of all obstacles……

　　 党的十八大报告指出，“深化教育领域综合改革”。这有着意味深长的含义，教育领域深层次矛盾逐渐凸显，教改步入“深水区”，意味着改革的“综合化”。

The party's eighteen pointed out in the report,"Deepening the education field comprehensive reform".This has significant meaning,Education field deep contradictions are becoming sharper and sharper,Educational reform into"Deep water area",Means reform"integration".

　　 “推动教育综合改革是大势所趋，从世界范围来看，在‘自上而下’和‘自下而上’的教育改革分别遭遇挑战和困境后，统摄整个区域的系统改革日益受到人们的重视和推崇。”中国教育科学研究院院长袁振国分析说：“这就要求统筹协调方方面面的力量，协同推进人事制度、管理制度、经费投入制度等的改革，把教育改革作为一项系统工程来抓。”

"Promote education comprehensive reform is the trend of The Times,From the world to see,in‘From top to bottom’and‘bottom-up’The education reform were encounter challenges and difficulties after,General the whole area system reform has been people's attention and praise highly."China's education scientific research institute President YuanZhenGuo analysis said:"This requires the coordination of all aspects strength,Collaborative promote personnel system/Management system/The reform of the funds investment system, etc,The education reform as a system engineering to grasp."

　　 综合改革从哪里入手？自2008年5月起，中国教科院在全国东中西部选定杭州市下城区、成都市青羊区、大连市金州新区、深圳市南山区、宁波市鄞州区、宁波市北仑区、重庆市九龙坡区7块“实验田”，与当地政府共建教育综合改革实验区。为什么是区县？袁振国向记者解释道，行政区层级太大了不好掌控，太小了不解决问题，以区县为主容易协调，有利于集纳各种资源，实现区域推进。

Comprehensive reform from where to start?Since 2008, 5 month,China to teach science college in the eastern, central and western selected XiaChengOu hangzhou/Chengdu QingYangOu/The new dalian golden state/Shenzhen nanshan district/Ningbo yinzhou district/Beilun district/The chongqing Kowloon slope area and block"Testing field for",And the local government build education comprehensive reform experimental area.Why is area county?YuanZhenGuo explained to reporters,Administrative region level is too big bad control,Is too small don't solve the problem,Mainly in districts and counties to coordinate,To market offer all kinds of resources,Realize regional propulsion.

　　 几年下来，效果如何？以成都市青羊区为例。以前，青羊城乡教育发展失衡，即使教育部门给予涉农学校优惠措施，但因牵涉方方面面，一个部门总是力有不逮。综合实验区建立后，青羊区成立了以区长为组长，教育、财政、人事、发改、规划、建设等各部门一把手为成员的教育现代化工作领导小组，发改部门将教育现代化建设纳入国民经济和社会发展规划；财政部门保障教育经费投入年均增长近20%；规划部门统筹学校布局调整，确保“住宅小区建到哪，教育服务设施就提供到哪”……

A few years down,Effect how to?QingYangOu in chengdu as an example.before,Green YangChengXiang education development imbalances,Even if the education department shall give preferential measures related to school,But for all aspects involved,A department is always force is incompetent.After the establishment of the comprehensive experimental area,QingYangOu established by warden to group leader,education/financial/personnel/Hair change/planning/Construction and so on various departments for a member of the education modernization work leading group,Hair change department will education modernization construction into the national economic and social development plan;Financial department of education guarantee funds investment grew at an average annual rate of nearly 20%;Planning department as a whole school layout adjustment,Ensure that"Residential building where,Education service facilities will provide to which"……

　　 “组合拳”打开高效协作新局面。“2012年，我区义务教育校际均衡差异系数为0.125，均衡化水平居全省、市前列”，青羊区政协副主席、教育局局长李泽亚不无自豪地告诉记者。

"combination"Open the efficient cooperation new situation."In 2012,,Among the obligation education schools equilibrium difference coefficient is 0.125,Equalization in the province level/Forefront of the city",QingYangOu vice chairman of the CPPCC/Director of the education bureau LiZeYa not proudly told reporters.

　　

启示二： Revealed two:

　　

集团化办学辐射优质资源 The radiation quality resources group

　　 在基本解决“上学难”的今天，“上好学难”成为新的课题。如何不再为孩子择校挤破头？“名校集团化发展是一种行之有效的尝试，是推进优质教育均衡化、平民化、普及化的重要路径”，中国教科院副院长曾天山说。

In the basic solution"School difficult"today,"Learn difficult on"Become the new subject.How to select one school for children no longer crowded broken head?"School collectivization development is an effective attempt,It is to advance quality education equalization/civilian/The primary important path",China to teach science institute vice President had tien said.

　　 “名校集团”不是一般意义上的公司，而是以优秀学校为龙头，对集团内学校实行统一调配管理，建立优质教育一体化办学的“学校联盟”。

"School group"Is not general sense of the company,But with good schools for leading,To group inside school unified deployment management,To establish a high quality education integration of running"The school union".

　　 不久前，杭州市下城区的长寿桥小学50周年校庆现场，阿里巴巴集团首席执行官马云的出现，让现场一片沸腾。其实，马云并不毕业于长寿桥小学，而是毕业于中北二小，但中北二小在名校集团化发展中并入了长寿桥教育集团。

Not long ago,Hangzhou XiaChengOu longevity bridge primary school the fifty anniversary,Alibaba group CEO Mr Ma appear,Let a seething at the scene.In fact,Mr Ma is not YuChangShou bridge graduated from elementary school,But graduated from bei nest,But nest bei in school group developing into longevity bridge education group.

　　 几年来，长寿桥教育集团经历了一系列“裂变”，曾先后将多所小学并入，成立了长青、凤起等校区；经过一段时间的发展，长青分校渐渐壮大，更名为长青小学，并从长寿桥教育集团这个“母体”中剥离，成长为一个新的教育集团长青教育集团学校。新一轮的循环开始了，如同细胞成长分裂一般，这个新的教育集团，又开始吸收薄弱校，将名校的优质资源传播开去……如今，下城区共组建29个教育集团，涉及90个校区，扩大了优质教育资源，公办中小学已经实现“零择校”。

In the past few years,Longevity bridge education group experienced a series"fission",Has the school merge into,Established evergreen/Chicken on campus, such as;After a period of development,Evergreen, and gradually,Renamed evergreen primary school,And from the long bridge education group"maternal"away,Grow into a new education group evergreen education group school.A new round of cycle began,As cell growth division general,The new education group,Began to absorb BoRuoJiao,Will the school quality resources being spread……now,XiaChengOu a total of 29 education group,In 90 a campus,Expand the high quality education resources,Public elementary and middle schools have been realized"Zero will".

　　 类似的举措在宁波市北仑区，依托区教育局直属幼儿园探索幼儿园集团化发展，让更多孩子享受到了高质量的学前教育，目前拥有6所多元化办学模式的幼儿园、2个教学点和1个亲子中心，在多元与融合中为每个园所的发展带来了强大动力。重庆市九龙坡区在中学探索实施“1+N”的集团化办学模式，即1所高完中与3至4所单办初中结对，在全区中学范围内培育了6个共同体，促进了城乡学校在办学条件、师资配置、学校管理、教育质量等方面实现初步均衡，为义务教育与高中阶段教育的有效衔接创造了良好条件。

Similar measures in beilun district,Relying on the area of education directly under the kindergarten explore kindergarten collectivization development,Let more kids enjoy the high quality pre-school education,Now has 6 diversified mode of running a kindergarten/Two teaching school and a parent-child center,In a pluralistic and integration for each farm's development has brought a powerful driving force.The chongqing Kowloon slope area in the middle school to explore implementation"1 + N"The running mode of collectivization,That is one high and completed the 3 to 4 single do the custom of junior high school,In the middle range produced six community,To promote the urban and rural schools in school running conditions/Teachers configuration/School management/Education quality and so on to realize preliminary equilibrium,For compulsory education and high school education effective cohesion created good condition.

　　

启示三： Revelation three:

　　

教师交流均衡城乡师资 Visiting teachers balanced urban and rural teachers

　　 师资是教育均衡的核心要素，当下，“择校”越来越表现在“择好老师”上。消除城乡教育不均衡，需要做许多努力，实验区通过实践告诉我们，教师流动制度可以促进城乡教师深度融合，从而促成优质师资的均衡配置。

Teacher education is balanced core elements,the,"school"More and more performance in"Choose the good teacher"on.Eliminate urban and rural education disequilibrium,Need to do a lot of effort,Experimental area through the practice tell us,The teacher flow system can promote urban and rural teachers depth fusion,So as to contribute to the high quality of the teachers of equilibrium configuration.

　　 在成都市青羊区，通过建立教育资源倾斜机制、校长任职交流互动机制、教师流动机制和评优评奖晋级的导向机制，先后派遣20余名城区学校校级干部到涉农学校任职，全区常年有100多名骨干教师在涉农学校服务。如今，教师在校际间流动已经成为一种常态，从2008年起，全区已有625名教师实现跨校交流。还有一大批城区学校的优秀教师到三环外学校任职、任教，大大提升了三环外学校优秀骨干教师的比例。青羊区还通过交换、跟岗等模式，不断提升涉农地区教师教学水平，具有本科学历的涉农地区教师由5年前的23%提升到现在的87%。人才的顺畅流动，得益于青羊“区管校用”的教育人才管理制度，确立了“行政干部能上能下、 教职工能进能出、专业技术职务能升能降”的新型用人模式，实现教师由“单位人”向“系统人”的转变。

QingYangOu in chengdu,Through the establishment of education resources tilting mechanism/The principal office interaction mechanism/The teacher flow mechanism and recommendation to award the guide mechanism,Has sent more than twenty name city school field rank cadres to agriculture in school,The perennial has more than 100 teachers in agriculture school services.now,The teacher in the school room flow has become a normal,Since 2008,The existing 625 teachers realize cross-university communication.There are a large number of city school teachers in the school office to 3rd ring road/teaching,Has greatly improved the tricyclic outside school good backbone teachers' proportion.QingYangOu also through the exchange/With duty, as a model,To improve teachers' teaching level of agriculture area,Bachelor degree in related to teachers by five years ago 23%, rising to 87% now.Smooth flow of talents,Benefit YuQingYang"Area tube with the"The education talent management system,established"Administrative cadre can on/ Staff entering and going out/Professional technical position can rise to drop"The new model,Realized by teachers"Units are"to"System people"change.

　　 在宁波市鄞州区，大力实施城乡中小学教师交流，形式包括城乡学校教师对口交流、镇(乡)内教师定期支教、名师巡回讲学和带徒指导、名师论坛、校长交流和优秀校长支教、干部交流等。5年来，参与交流的校长和教师人数已达718人，促进了城乡教育均衡发展。

In ningbo yinzhou district,Implementation of the urban and rural primary and secondary school teachers to communicate,In the form of urban and rural school teacher of communication/town(township)Teacher education in regular/Teacher lectures and DaiTu tour guide/Teacher BBS/The principal communication and outstanding principal to lend a hand/Cadre exchange.Five years,Participate in communication principals and teachers is increased to 718 people,Promote the balanced development of urban and rural education.

　　

启示四： Revelation four:

　　

国际化发展成为大势所趋 International development become the trend of The Times

　　 教育国际化是指在经济全球化、贸易自由化的背景下，以培养国际化人才为目标，不同国家教育理念、内容、方法等交流合作、碰撞融合的过程。《教育规划纲要》指出，“开展多层次、宽领域的教育交流与合作，提高我国教育国际化水平。”可以说，教育国际化既是当今世界教育发展的重要特征，也是我国教育改革与发展的重要趋向。

Education internationalization is to point to in the economic globalization/Under the background of trade liberalization,To train the internationalized personnel as the goal,Different countries education concept/content/Method of communication and cooperation/Collision integration process.[Education plan for]Pointed out that,"Carry out multi-level/Wide communication and cooperation in the field of education,To improve our education internationalization level."Can say,Education internationalization is the world education development important characteristics,China is the education reform and development of the important trend.

　　 “有些实验区积极推进教育国际化，开展国际论坛，开设国际课程，进行学生交流等，其经验值得肯定。”袁振国说。

"Some experimental area actively promote education internationalization,Develop international BBS,Open an international course,Students communication, etc,The positive experience."YuanZhenGuo said.

　　 7个实验区中，大连市金州新区定位于“多元开放、国际融合”，通过中外合作办学、建立友好学校、教师境外培训、推进双语教育、开设国际课程等方式，有力推进区域教育国际化实践。“目前，全区共引进外籍教师300多名，60%的学校开设由外教执教的课程，有26所学校与海外13个国家的学校建立了合作交流，先后有千余名师生赴国外研修学习”，大连金州新区教育体育文化局局长高奇志说。

7 in the experimental area,Dalian golden state in the new position"Multiple open/International fusion",Through the chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools/The establishment of friendly school/Teacher training abroad/Promote bilingual education/Open an international course, etc,Strong promote regional education international practice."At present,The introduction of foreign teachers were more than 300,60% of the school set up by the foreign teachers teach the course,There are 26 school and overseas 13 countries the school has established the cooperative communication,Has more than students and teachers to training learning abroad",Dalian jinzhou district education sports culture bureau chief GaoJiZhi said.

　　 处在改革开放前沿的深圳市南山区推进教育国际化实践敢为人先。目前，全区所有57所公办学校都与国外学校缔结姊妹学校，22所学校成为国际学校联盟成员单位，1000多人次的校长、骨干教师到海外进行中短期培训交流。

In the forefront of reform and opening up, shenzhen nanshan district promote education to be the first international practice.At present,The public schools are all 57 have concluded with foreign school sister schools,22 schools become international school alliance member unit,More than 1000 people of the principal/Backbone teachers to overseas for short-term training exchange.

　　 教育国际化不是形式，更不是口号。金州新区和南山区的教育国际化，有力促进了学生多元化发展、教师专业化成长、学校特色化建设，助推了区域教育的内涵式发展，成为区域教育创新发展的新动力。

Education internationalization not form,More is not a slogan.The new golden state and nanshan district of education internationalization,Strongly promote the students' diversified development/Teachers' professional growth/How to build a school,Boost the regional education of connotative development,To be a regional education innovation development of the new driving force.

　　 “教育改革实际上是在‘带着镣铐跳舞’，改革者受到了既定目标和现有模式的限制，又可以依据自己的智慧和判断，选择适合自己的变革路径，实验区的经验值得借鉴。”袁振国说：“当一朵朵注重内涵、科学发展的浪花汇集成一条澎湃的河流时，全国的教育改革发展必将浩浩荡荡、势不可当。”(记者 张 烁)

"Education reform are actually‘Dance with chains’,Reformer was established goals and the existing model limit,And can be based on their own wisdom and judgment,Choose to suit oneself change path,Experimental area's experience is worth reference."YuanZhenGuo said:"When one pay attention to the connotation/The scientific development waves together into a surging river when,The national education reform and development will bring huge fleet/irresistible."(The performance of reporter zhang)