全球知名的学习公司培生集团近日在它与中国教育出版传媒集团联合主办的教育论坛上，发布了一份名为《国家/地区教育绩效启示》的报告。其中指出：正如芬兰和韩国这两个教育强国展示出的不同方法一样，通往教育成功的道路有千万条。

World famous Pearson learning company recently in it with the Chinese education publishing media group, hosted by the education on the BBS,Issued a named[Country/region education performance implications]The report of.Which point out that:As Finland and South Korea, the two show different ways of education power,Path to the success of education there are ten million reasons.

　　这份报告同时提醒各国政府官员，在寻求解决方案的过程中，“需要谦逊一些”，要牢记正规教育机构的能力有限。它引用德国慕尼黑大学经济系教授沃斯曼因的话说：“很多事情(学术成功的决定因素)都不是政府行为所能控制的，更多地取决于千家万户和社会的运作方式。”

The report also warned the government officials,In the process of seeking solutions,"Need some modesty",To keep in mind that formal education institution's ability is limited.It references worthman, a professor at the department of economics of university of Munich, Germany, because of the words:"A lot of things(Determinants of academic success)Is not the government can control behavior,More works depends on families and society."

　　

疯狂课外班让韩国学生最痛苦 Crazy for Korean students extracurricular class the most painful

　　

平等教育让芬兰才子难出头 Equal education let wit is difficult in Finland

　　这份报告由英国杂志《经济学人》信息部编写，是名为《学习曲线》的广泛定量定性分析计划的一部分。“学习曲线数据库”汇集了覆盖全球50多个国家、地区的大量有关教育投入和产出的国际可比数据。这些数据的提供方都参加过PISA或TIMSS(指国际数学和科学评测趋势)测试。由于在认知能力和教育程度两个方面都采取了强有力的措施，芬兰和韩国在教育指数上遥遥领先其他国家/地区。报告的编写者们试图发掘这两国教育系统之间的共同规律，但发现了二者之间的千差万别。

The report by a British magazine[The economist intelligence unit]Ministry of information to write,Is called[The learning curve]Broad quantitative qualitative analysis is part of the plan."Learning curve database"Brings together the global more than 50 countries/Area of a large number of relevant education input and output of internationally comparable data.These data providers have participated in the PISA or TIMSS(Refers to the trend of international mathematics and science evaluation)The test.Due to the two aspects of cognitive ability and the education degree are taking strong measures,Finland and South Korea on the education index is ahead of other countries/regions.Report the authors try to explore common regularity of education system between the two countries,But found between the two differ in thousands ways.

　　譬如，人们通常认为韩国的教育是应试教育，有严格的课程安排，以死记硬背的知识为教学重点。韩国教育系统在学习上花费的时间惊人。结束学校一天的课程后，大部分学生都会去私立学校或私人培训中心上课。根据OECD(经济合作与发展组织)的数据，2009年，韩国15岁学生中有68%的学生在私立学校学习韩语；77%的学生学习数学；57%的学生学习自然科学；还有67%的学生在学习其他科目。近年来，韩国政府开始担心这些课外学习过于繁重，规定私人培训中心晚上10点后必须停业，但政府仍需派出警力巡逻，以关闭那些打着自修馆幌子实际上进行非法培训的私人培训中心。

Such as the,People often think that South Korea's education is exam-oriented education,There are strict curriculum,Teaching emphasis on knowledge by rote.South Korea's education system the amount of time on study.After a day of school curriculum,Most of the students will go to private schools or private training center in class.According to the OECD(The organization for economic cooperation and development)The data of,In 2009,,South Korea's 15 years old students, 68% of students in private schools learn Korean;77% of the students in learning mathematics;57% of the students learning science;There are 67% of the students in learning other subjects.In recent years,The south Korean government began to worry that the extracurricular study too hard,A requirement for private training center must be closed after 10 PM,But the government still needs to be sent police to patrol,To close those as self-taught pavilion is actually illegal private training center training.

　　而芬兰教育系统，在哈佛大学教育研究生院的舒华兹教授眼里，“是一个优秀的学校系统，孩子们入学时间较晚，上课时间很短，而且没有家庭作业，老师也很少站在教室前面的讲台上授课。据估算，意大利的孩子要比芬兰的孩子多上3年学。”PISA数据也显示，芬兰学生很少上课外辅导班。报告指出，芬兰的教育系统更关注如何帮助孩子更好地理解和应用知识，而不仅仅是对课本知识死记硬背。这种做法得到国际教育行业的普遍赞誉。

The Finnish education system,Professor Schwartz at the harvard graduate school of education,"Is a good school system,The children admission time later,Class time is very short,And there is no homework,The teacher also seldom stood on the podium in front of the classroom teaching.It is estimated,Italian children than children more than 3 years to learn Finnish."The PISA data is also displayed,Finnish students rarely on extracurricular remedial class.According to the report,Finland's education system is more focused on how to help children better understand and apply knowledge,Not just the textbook knowledge by rote.This kind of practice for international education industry's universal praise.

　　韩国以不同于芬兰的方式取得了教育上的成功，代价是学生们的快乐。报告指出，研究经常发现，在经济合作与发展组织的所有国家中，韩国青少年是最不快乐的。芬兰的教育也绝非完美：平等主义教育系统只能确保所有学生平均成绩总体较好，却无法帮助那些极富才华的学生发挥其潜能。

South Korea in a different way than that of the Finnish education success have been achieved,At the cost of the students happy.According to the report,Research often find,In the organization for economic cooperation and development of all countries,South Korean teenagers are the unhappiest.Finland's education is far from perfect:The egalitarian education system can only make sure that all the students grade point average overall is good,But can't help the talented students to reach their potential.

　　细心的研究者还是发现了这两个迥异的教育系统的共同之处，包括政府对教育行业重要性的认可，以及在教师的招聘和培训方面所作出的努力。此外，两国教育系统都注重培养学生的远大抱负和强烈责任感。但两国对此的传授却各不相同。“在韩国，责任感主要通过测试进行推动，而在芬兰，责任感则是来自同龄压力的一种个人理想信念，但效果是非常相似的。”

Careful the researchers still found this two different education systems have in common,Including the recognition of the importance of the education industry,And in terms of teacher recruitment and training efforts.In addition,Education systems in both countries pay attention to cultivate students' aspiration and strong sense of responsibility.But the two countries to teach is different."In South Korea,The sense of responsibility mainly driven by test,In Finland,The sense of responsibility is a personal ideal faith from peer pressure,But the effect is very similar."

　　

吸引最优秀的人成为教师 Attract the best people to become teachers

　　

应成为各国教育系统的追求 Should be the pursuit of national education system

　　尽管，没有一剂药方能适用于所有国家/地区的教育改革，但“教师至关重要”这一观点已获广泛共识。

In spite of,No remedy can apply to the education reform of all countries/regions,but"Teacher is crucial"This view has won broad consensus.

　　报告提及最近一项基于覆盖约250万美国儿童数据的研究，它发现：抛开其他因素影响，那些外界认定教学效果更好的老师所教的学生更有可能“读大学、进入名牌院校、获得更高工资、住在高级社区(获得更高的社会经济地位)以及拥有更多的退休储蓄。同时，青少年怀孕的几率也更低”。

It mentioned a recent study based on data covered about 2.5 million U.S. children,It found that:Among other factors,The outside that the teaching effect is better teacher taught the students are more likely to be"Go to university/Enter the famous college/Get higher wages/Live in the senior community(Get higher socioeconomic status)And have more retirement savings.At the same time,At a lower risk of teenage pregnancy".

　　报告认为，吸引最优秀的人才成为教师应该成为各国教育系统的努力追求。吸纳优秀教师从招贤纳士开始。报告以芬兰和韩国这两个常被引为教育成功的典范为例，它们每年分别从排名前10%和5%的优秀毕业生中招收教师。“在这种情况下，金钱可以起到一定的作用，但它并不仅仅是一个诱因，而且还是表明教育地位的信号”。报告说，韩国政府为教师支付高工资(其教师的平均工资是全国平均工资的两倍以上)，体现了教师工作的重要性。但令人意外的是，研究发现，教师的薪资与教育成果关联甚微。在学习曲线库的数据中，各级教育的教师最高和最低薪资(以占国民平均收入的百分比计)与认知能力的传授(以标准国际测试衡量)都没有长期关联。加拿大学习委员会前任主席卡彭先生在接受《经济学人》信息部的访谈时表示：“教师必须获得合理的高薪，但工资与其他因素相比显得微不足道。”

According to the report,Attract the best people to become teachers should become a national education system is striving for.Attracting, recruiting outstanding teachers from beginning.Report to Finland and South Korea, the two is often cited as a model of success education, for example,Each year, respectively, from the top 10% and 10% of the outstanding graduates recruit teachers."In this case,Money can play a role,But it is not just a trigger,But also shows that education status signals".Report says,The south Korean government pay high salaries for teachers(The average salary for the teacher is more than twice the average wage in the country),Shows the importance of teachers' work.But surprisingly,Studies have found that,Little wages associated with education achievement of teachers.In the learning curve for library data,Education at all levels of teachers' maximum and the minimum wage(As a percentage of national average income)And cognitive ability to teach(International testing standards to measure)No long-term relationship.Canada study committee, the former chairman of Mr Carpenter said in an interview[The economist intelligence unit]Information department of the interview:"Teachers must have reasonable salaries,But pay paltry compared with other factors."

　　这些因素包括“提供合适的培训”以及“把教师当作专业人士来对待”。报告认为，教师培训需要坚持不懈。因为没有哪位老师在大学所学的课程能完全适应几十年的工作内容。前国际劳工组织教育部专员赖特里先生指出：“持续的专业发展和专业自主可以成为提升学习成果的强大动因。”他也认为，教师必须被视为有决断力的专业人士，而不仅仅是技术人员。

These factors include"Provide appropriate training"As well as"The teacher treated as professionals".According to the report,Teachers' training need to persevere.Because of no teacher specialization at the university course can fully adapt to decades of work content.Before the international labor organization, commissioner of the ministry of education points out Mr Wright:"Continuing professional development and professional autonomy can be a powerful motivation enhance learning outcomes."He also thinks,Teachers must be considered as there is determination of professionals,Not just technicians.

　　

如何让学生从容面对不确定的未来 How to let students calmly in the face of uncertain future

　　好的教育能让个人和国家受益，这一点毫无疑问。研究甚至发现，在大多数国家/地区，人的知识水平与其预期寿命密切相关。研究人员查阅大量文献并统计后还发现，一个人受教育的年限越长，其在“婚姻和育儿”方面作出的决定会更明智。教育还会让人更有耐心、目标更明确，并且降低参与冒险活动的可能性。研究比较有代表性地表明，教育时间每增加一年，年收益就增加8%～10%。

Individuals and countries would benefit from a good education,No doubt about it.Study found that even,In most countries/regions,Man's knowledge level and its closely related to life expectancy.The researchers also found that after consulting lots of literature and statistics,A person affected by the longer fixed number of year of education,In the"Marriage and parenting"Decisions would be more sensible.Education will make people more patient/Goal is more clear,And reduce the possibility of adventure activities.Studies that show more representative,Each additional year education time,Annual revenue is increased by 8% ~ 10%.

　　但以下这个结论值得注意：受教育年限超出学生最终所从事职业的需求会大幅降低教育回报。世界银行的一项研究表明，发展中国家、地区的小学教育回报明显下降，原因可能是许多国家、地区在教授识字和算术这样的基本课程上花费的时间过长。

But this conclusion is worth attention:By the fixed number of year of education beyond the needs of the students end up engaged in professional would sharply reduce the education returns.According to a study by the world bank,In developing countries/Primary school education returns significantly decreased,Reason may be that in many countries/Regions in teaching literacy and math basic course spend time is too long.

　　哪些适当的教育内容最能确保未来经济增长？如何更好地增强学生实力，让他们从容面对不确定的未来？报告认为，这些问题也是一些比较成功的学校系统(特别是在亚洲)改革工作的重点。

What the most appropriate education content can ensure that the future economic growth?How to better strengthen students,Let them calm in the face of uncertain future?According to the report,These problems are some of the more successful the school system(Especially in Asia)The focus of the reform.

　　新加坡国家教育研究院院长李盛光教授在接受访谈时说：“如今很多职位头衔都是1995年没有的，很多技能也都是新出现的。我们预计，这种趋势在未来会发展得很快。”在过去的10多年中，新加坡教育部一直致力于对未来形势的预测，以便确定接下来几年可能需要的技能，并相应地调整教学内容。一个重大的变化是，据李盛光教授介绍，自1997年以来，新加坡教育开始从教授死记硬背的知识转变为扎实奠定数学、自然科学和文学基础，同时教会学生如何理解和应用信息。“我们认为这种转变有助于学生获取知识、认知能力和创新能力，这些都是 21 世纪极其重要的人才素质”。

Professor Li Chengguang, dean of Singapore's national institute of education in an interview:"Now a lot of job title is not in 1995,Many skills are also emerging.We expect,The trend in the future will develop fast."Over the past 10 years,Singapore ministry of education has been committed to forecast the future situation,In order to determine the next few years may need skills,And adjust the teaching content.Is a major change,According to professor Li Chengguang,Since 1997,Singapore education started from professor rote knowledge to lay a solid math/Foundation of natural science and literature,Teach students how to understand and apply information at the same time."We think this change will help students to acquire knowledge/Cognitive ability and innovation ability,These are very important in the 21st century talented person quality".

　　

教育改革没有万灵之药 Education reform is not the spirit of medicine

　　《国家/地区教育绩效启示》为各国的教育政策制定者提供了5点启示

[Country/region education performance implications]Provides education policymakers in countries with 5 points

　　一、没有万灵之药。研究发现，单靠为教育投入资金很少能取得成果，而单靠对教育系统进行个别改革(无论多明智)也很少能取得大的成效。教育需要整个系统范围内长期、一致和集中的关注才能获得提高。

a/Not the spirit of medicine.Studies have found that,Invested funds for education alone rarely can achieve results,But single individual depend on the education system reform(No matter how wise)Rarely can achieve great results.Education needs to be within the scope of the whole system for a long time/Consistent and focused attention to improve.

　　二、尊师重道。优秀的教师对高品质教育至关重要。发掘并留住他们并不是薪水高低的问题。相反，教师需要被当作有价值的专业人士，而不是教育大机器中的一个技术人员来对待。

(2)/told.Good teachers for high quality education is very important.Excavation and retaining them is not high and low salaries.instead,Teachers need to be as valuable professionals,Instead of education in a big machine and technical personnel.

　　三、文化可以被改变。教育系统所处的文化假定和价值观氛围所具有的支持力或破坏力比教育系统本身还要大。使用这一文化中的积极因素并根据需要努力改变消极因素对引导成功的成果非常重要。

three/Culture can be changed.Atmosphere of cultural assumptions and values education system of the upward force or force is larger than the education system itself.Use the culture of the positive factors and negative factors, according to the need to change is very important to guide successful results.

　　四、家长既不是教育的敌人，也不是教育的救星。家长无非是希望他们的子女获得良好的教育，因此来自家长的变革压力不应该被视为敌意的信号，相反，这其实表明教育资源供给可能存在某些缺陷。另一方面，家长的投入和选择也不是灵丹妙药。教育系统应该尽力使家长掌握最新动态，并与他们携手并进。

four/Parents is not the enemy of the education,Are not the savior of the education.Parents just want their children receive good education,So change the pressure from parents should not be seen as hostile signals,instead,It shows that education resource supply may exist certain defects.On the other hand,Parents' input and choice also is not a panacea.Education system should try to make parents to master the latest development,And go forward hand in hand with them.

　　五、教育要面向未来，而非仅关注当下。如今的许多职位以及担任这些职位所需的技能在20年前根本不存在。教育系统需要考虑现在的学生在未来需要哪些技能，然后相应地传授这些技能。 本报记者 李斌

five/Education should be geared to the needs of the future,Rather than only focusing on the present.Now many of the jobs and the skills required for the position in did not exist 20 years ago.Education systems need to consider now what skills are needed for students in the future,And then to teach these skills accordingly. Our reporter li bin