幼儿园男女师资性别结构现状调查

Kindergarten teachers' gender between men and women structure present situation investigation

　　在学前教育这个一直以来被人们戏称为“女儿国”的领域内，男教师的稀缺是否给孩子成长带来了影响？究竟是何种影响？在现行体制机制之下，有没有比较好的途径解决目前存在的幼儿师资队伍中男女性别失衡问题？

In the preschool education has been dubbed by people"Girl country"Within the territory of the,Male teachers scarce is for children to grow up?What on earth is?Under the current system mechanism,Is there a better way to solve the existing gender imbalance between men and women in the early childhood teachers?

男教师能否补齐孩子阳刚气不足的短板 Male teachers can supplement the children less masculine

　　2012年6月21日，全国首届“男教师走进幼儿园”研讨会暨“运河之声”第二届名园长思想力论坛在杭州召开，与会的教育行政部门、学者和幼儿园园长们抛出了一个不同凡响的“结论”幼儿园老师的性别失衡会对孩子有负面影响！

On June 21, 2012,The country's first"Male teachers into the kindergarten"Seminar and"The voice of the canal"The second director thought force BBS held in hangzhou,The administrative department of education/The scholars and the kindergarten throws a remarkable"conclusion"Kindergarten teacher's gender imbalance has negative effect on their children!

　　在这次会议上，专家们认为，幼儿园老师性别的严重失衡，容易导致孩子缺乏阳刚气，意志力薄弱。支撑这一观点的背后原因主要集中在：大多孩子出身独生子女家庭，家长十分担心孩子遭受意外，给予孩子特别是男孩子过多的限制和保护。同时，现在很多家庭的教育基本上以母亲为主，父亲忙于工作，经常顾不上教育孩子。

At this meeting,Experts believe that,Kindergarten teacher gender imbalance,Easy to cause the children lack of masculine,Weak willpower.To support this view of the main reasons behind the focus on:Most of children from one-child families,Parents worried the child suffers accident,Give children especially boys too much restriction and protection.At the same time,Now a lot of family education basically is given priority to with the mother,Father is busy with work,Education child is often.

　　这种观点不只停留在学术界。在当天的研讨会上，杭州市拱墅区教育局相关负责人表示，由于男教师不足，特别是幼儿园、小学老师多数是女性，对孩子的评价带有女性视角和思维方式，培养的孩子更容易有“阴柔”特征，甚至大家经常会发现，一些男孩身上有着女性的温柔和细腻，缺乏男子气概。

This view not only stay in academia.In the seminar on that day,The relevant person in charge of gongshu district of hangzhou education bureau said,Due to the lack of male teachers,Especially in the kindergarten/Most elementary school teachers are women,With a female perspective to the evaluation of children and the way of thinking,Children are more likely to have a training"feminine"Characteristics of the,Even you will often find it,Some of the boys has a women's tender and delicate,The lack of manhood.

　　有着13年幼儿园从教经历的珠海斗门容闳国际幼稚园副园长徐帮强认为，男教师参与幼儿园教学的性别优势，在于男性有敢于冒险、思维活跃、知识面广等粗犷的一面，与女教师的温柔细心形成补充。

With 13 years experience from teaching kindergarten, deputy director of the zhuhai doumen yung wing international kindergarten xu think strong help,Male teachers in kindergarten teaching gender advantages,Is that men have a willingness to take risks/Active thinking/Broad scope, such as rough side,With tender care teacher added.

　　全国政协委员、山东大学物理学院教授解士杰认为，幼儿园的孩子如果没有男老师的教育和引导，情商会大大削弱，这会影响孩子性格的形成。男孩本应有点阳刚之气，而女性对孩子的关心、呵护更多，往往忽视了孩子健全人格的塑造。

The CPPCC national committee/Shandong university physics professor at the school XieShiJie think,Kindergarten children without male teachers education and guidance,Chamber of commerce is greatly weakened,It will affect children tends towards the formation of character.The boy should have points of masculinity,While women concern for children/To caress more,Often ignored the children's healthy personality shaping.

　　对此，首都师范大学教育学院教授劳凯声认为，女老师有女老师的特点，女老师一般来说更温柔一些，观察问题更细腻一些，而男老师会有男性的特点，遇到事情更果断、更直接。作为一个孩子，从幼儿园开始一直到小学，如果他始终接触的都是女老师，对他的心理发展、成长也会带来某一些负面的影响。这不是中国独有的问题，而是一个世界性问题，需要政府和相关部门予以相应的关注和政策引导。

For this,Education college of capital normal university professor Lao thought,The female teacher has the characteristic of the female teacher,Some female teachers in general more tenderness,Some observation more exquisite,While male teachers have male characteristic,Encounter things more decisive/More directly.As a child,From kindergarten to primary school,If he is in contact are the female teacher,For his mental development/Growth will also bring some negative effects.This is not unique to China,But a world problem,Need the government and related departments give attention and corresponding policies to guide.

幼儿教师性别结构失衡的天平如何拨正 Balance how to correct the imbalance in the structure of preschool teachers' gender

　　“长期以来，幼儿园和小学教师队伍男女性别结构严重失衡的背后形成了一种奇怪的矛盾现象：一方面很多幼儿家长希望班里有男教师任教，另一方面大多数父母却不愿意自己的子女到幼儿园当老师。”北京二十一世纪实验幼儿园总园长朱敏说，究其根本，还是整个社会传统观念对男性从事幼教行业存有偏见。而这种偏见背后，是因高付出、低收入、琐碎而细致的保育工作，以及女性为主的工作环境而导致的男幼师职业吸引力的沦丧。

"For a long time,Kindergarten and elementary school teachers' gender structure imbalance formed behind a strange paradox:On the one hand, many parents want to have male teachers to teach in the class,On the other hand, most parents do not like their children to kindergarten when the teacher."Beijing 21st century experimental kindergarten total director zhu said,Investigate its fundamental,Or the whole society for men engaged in preschool education industry bias in traditional concepts.But behind this bias,Is due to the high cost/Low income/Trivial and detailed conservation work,And work environment caused by the mostly female male preschool teacher professional appeal of decay.

　　在社会对男幼师确有需求的背景下，如何纠偏幼儿园男女教师性别结构天平的准星？

Under the background of social demands for male preschool teacher does,How to rectify the kindergarten teachers' gender structure balance between men and women of the reticle?

　　2010年9月，以拯救幼儿园儿童“阳刚气”的一场“共享”男教师的创新实验，在杭州拱墅区启幕。作为试点，杭州舟山路幼儿园将树人小学、拱宸中学等学校的男老师“借”进幼儿园。次年4月，杭州拱墅区教育局发文，力推中小学男老师进幼儿园参与教学活动，鼓励区内的一所或几所幼儿园联合与周边中小学结盟，形成“阳刚教育联盟”。实施“阳刚教育联盟”后，不仅孩子们喜欢，家长们支持，而且男老师也很有兴趣。据统计，截至2011年年底，拱墅区共有67位中小学男教师在各幼儿园开设752节活动课，覆盖20余所幼儿园，8000多名孩子受惠。

In September 2010,To save the kindergarten children"masculine"a"The Shared"Male teachers' innovative experiment,In gongshu district of hangzhou's launch.As a pilot,Hangzhou, zhoushan road kindergarten will ents elementary school/In succession such as school male teachers in middle school"borrow"In the kindergarten.April,Hangzhou gongshu district bureau of education,Pushing a male teacher in kindergarten teaching activities of primary and secondary schools,Encourage a or a few kindergarten in joint alliance with surrounding primary and secondary schools,form"Masculine education alliance".Implementation of the"Masculine education alliance"after,Not only the children like it,Parents' support,And male teachers are also very interested.According to the statistics,By the end of 2011,Gongshu district a total of 67 male teachers of primary and secondary schools to open 752 activity in the kindergarten,Covering more than 20 kindergarten,More than 8000 children.

　　拱墅区教育局负责人坦称，推进男教师进幼儿园参与教学活动，首先是破解幼儿园缺少男教师的应急之举。从教育工作的长远看，需要建立一种长效机制，系统改变学前教育“阴盛阳衰”的局面。

Gongshu district bureau of education in charge admitted,Male teachers in kindergarten teaching activities,First kindergarten's lack of male teachers of emergency.From the education work in the long run,Need to establish a long-term mechanism,Change the pre-school education system"Yin flourishes while Yang declines"The situation of.

　　“一直以来，社会对男幼师的职业认同度偏低，加之幼儿教师工资待遇不高，就自然屏蔽了男性从事幼教的主观愿望。”华中师范大学教育科学学院范先佐教授认为，男女师资比例失衡，不仅仅是幼儿园老师的性别问题，实际上也是整个幼教队伍的社会地位问题。

"Has always been,Society for male staff career were low,Combined with the preschool teachers' salary is not high,Naturally blocked men engaged in preschool education's subjective desire."Central China normal university education sciences professor Fan Xianzuo think,Teachers' imbalance between men and women,Not only is the kindergarten teacher gender issues,Is actually the social status of the teaching team as a whole.

　　“如果政府决心要解决这一问题，就需要在体制上，通过设置男幼师特许编制或专门岗位等形式，保证男幼师在幼儿园师资队伍中的合理配比。在此基础上，按照特许编制或专门岗位，以设置专门津贴等方式切实保障男幼师的经济地位。”范先佐说，师范院校幼教专业在招生上适当向男生倾斜的同时，媒体也应加大宣传引导的力度，提振男性从事幼教事业的信心，为他们创造相对宽松的从业环境。

"If the government is determined to solve this problem,Will need to be on the system,Compiled by setting the male staff chartered or specialized jobs such as form,Ensure reasonable ratio of male teachers in kindergarten teachers.On the basis of,Compiled in accordance with the charter or specialized jobs,To set the special allowance, etc. Ensure the economic status of the male staff."Fan Xianzuo said,On the recruitment of students in preschool education major in teachers colleges proper tilt to the boys at the same time,Media also should intensify propaganda guide,To boost the confidence of the men engaged in preschool education career,To create a relatively liberal working environment for them.

幼儿的世界里需要多少男教师最合适 The world of children, how many male teachers should is the best

　　事实上，世界许多国家对男教师在幼儿教育中的作用有了越来越多的共识。澳大利亚一项最新调查表明，绝大多数家长不怀疑男性有从事幼儿保教的能力，甚至超过八成的家长非常高兴幼儿园有男教师。但现实中，学前教育甚至小学阶段男教师的缺乏已成为一个世界性难题。在我国学前教育发展正驶入快车道的当下，究竟什么样的男女师资结构才是合理的？

In fact,,Many countries in the world on the role of male teachers in early childhood education has more and more consensus.A new survey shows that in Australia,Most parents don't doubt that the male is engaged in the inadequacy of ability,Even more than eighty percent of the parents I'm very glad to have male kindergarten teachers.But in reality,Preschool education elementary school even the lack of male teachers has become a worldwide problem.In preschool education development in our country is fast lane,What kind of men and women teachers' structure is reasonable?

　　2009年，针对幼儿园普遍缺少男教师的现状，江苏省在一些师范学校启动实施了免费男师范生培养试点，计划通过5至7年时间，使江苏省几千所幼儿园至少每一所幼儿园有一位男教师。

In 2009,,In view of the situation of lack of male kindergarten teachers,In some normal schools in jiangsu province launched a free male students cultivate pilot,Plans by 5 to 7 years,Make thousands of kindergarten in jiangsu province at least every one a kindergarten male teachers.

　　但是，在“中国男幼儿教师联盟”内，一位来自江苏的男幼师说：“在周围都是女性的工作环境里，如果一所幼儿园只有一位男教师，这位男教师很可能会和我们一样，在内心产生一种孤立无援的孤独感。结果，这个男教师最终就极有可能选择离开或跳槽。根据我的观察，一家有五六十名教师的幼儿园，如果有三四位男教师，这个师资队伍才有可能比较稳定。”

but,In the"China male preschool teachers union"Within the,A man from jiangsu preschool teacher said:"Surrounded by women in the work environment,If a kindergarten is only a male teacher,The male teachers are likely to be like us,Produce a kind of isolation and loneliness in the heart.As a result,The male teachers is likely eventually choose to leave or move.Based on my observations,A kindergarten there are 50 teachers,If you have ask gusts of male teachers,The teachers can be relatively stable."

　　男教师究竟占多大比例合适？根据国内外已有的研究显示，目前幼儿园男女教师比例没有统一的硬性指标，发达国家男性幼儿教师的比例只有1%至4%，最高的也不超过10%。虽然日本有40%以上的幼儿园园长是男性，但男教师的比例依然不高。2010年，日本幼儿园的男老师仅占整个幼儿园师资队伍的4.8%。

What proportion of male teachers is appropriate?According to existing research at home and abroad,Current kindergarten teachers proportion of men and women are not unified hard Numbers,The proportion of male preschool teachers in developed countries only 1% to 4%,The highest no more than 10%.Although Japan has more than 40% of the kindergarten is male,But the proportion of male teachers is not high.In 2010,,Japan's kindergarten male teachers accounted for 4.8% of all the kindergarten teachers.

　　朱敏认为，在幼儿教育中，男教师确实在科学、数学、体育、历史、地理优势明显。但在实际的幼儿教育教学中，由于现行的幼儿教师岗位职责规定，使男教师在与女幼童接触时会比较尴尬，比如家长提出“骚扰”的投诉，园方和教师本人都会处于被动。因此，一个幼儿园匹配多少男教师，还是要根据幼儿园的具体情况而定，而不宜用一把“尺子”量到底。

Zhu min thinks,In the early childhood education,Male teachers in science/mathematics/sports/history/Geographical advantages.But in the practical teaching of preschool education,Due to the current preschool teachers responsibility regulations,That male teachers in contact with the girl they may be embarrassing,Such as parents put forward"harassment"The complaints,The park and teachers will be passive.so,A kindergarten to match how many male teachers,Or according to the specific circumstances of the kindergarten,And should not be used"A ruler"Amount of what.

　　幼儿园适当补充男教师，理论上可以使幼儿在一个良好的教育生态环境中健康成长，长远来看，对于提高民族素质具有重要意义。范先佐认为，结合目前男女教师的性别特征以及我国的国情、社情、民意，幼儿园男教师比例保持在10%至20%之间是一个相对合理的师资性别结构。

Complements appropriately kindergarten male teachers,Theory can make young children in a good ecological environment education healthy development,In the long run,Is of great significance in improving national quality.Fan Xianzuo think,Combining the gender features of male and female teachers and the national conditions of our country/Social situation/Public opinion,Kindergarten male teachers proportions remain between 10% and 20% is a relatively reasonable teachers' gender structure.