【乙方】警惕专业主义扼杀公民问责 [Party b]Alert to professionalism stifle civil accountability

　　沈彬

Shen Bin

　　如果现在朱令突然恢复了神志，她一定会惊讶于网民对她的中毒案做出的种种极端言论。在她被投毒的1994年、1995年，无罪推定、公民知情权、政府信息公开这些现在朗朗上口的词，还是学术界的前卫话题。如今，各派人群都借着她的案件，表达诉求、抨击对手。朱令案像一道19年不曾愈合的伤口，更将改革近20年积累下的矛盾纠结在一起。

If zhu now suddenly regained consciousness,She will be surprised by the netizen of poisoning to her to make all sorts of extreme views.In 1994 she was poisoned/In 1995,,Presumption of innocence/Citizens' right to know/The government information publicity the catchy phrase now,The leading topic or academia.now,Factions people through her case,Express demands/opponents.Zhu make the case like a 19 years never heal the wound,More will reform nearly 20 years under the accumulation of conflicts intertwined.

　　我们呈现争论，并不意味着我们支持其中一方观点，而是希望，在追问真相的时刻，勿忘理性，勿偏焦点，以推动社会良性进步。

We present arguments,Does not mean that we support one side view,But want to,In questioning the truth of the moment,Don't forget the reason,Don't partial focus,To promote the benign progress of society.

　争论各取所需 The debate to get

　　4月份，复旦研究生投毒案让19年前的清华大学女生朱令中毒案，再度成为热门话题，而且热度飙升直到沸点：5月6日，新华网发布了“舆论呼吁及时澄清‘朱令案’传闻”的舆情通报。5月7日，上海市委机关报《解放日报》以《永远的22岁》为题大篇幅地报道了朱令悲惨的近况；当晚，中央人民广播电台《新闻晚高峰》节目也作了报道。

In April,,Graduate student of fudan poisoning case to the tsinghua university girl 19 years ago zhu to poisoning,Once again become a hot topic,And surging heat until boiling:On May 6,,Xinhua launched"Calls for clarification in a timely manner‘Zhu make the case’rumors"The public opinion about.On May 7,,Shanghai communist party mouthpiece[Liberation daily]In order to[22 years old forever]Under large space to report the zhu make miserable;In the evening,The central people's broadcasting station[News late peak]Program also will be reported.

　　另外，有网民在美国白宫网站请愿：要求美国重新调查现已生活在美国的本案的重大嫌疑人孙某。目前已经有超过10万人签名支持这一请愿。“告洋御状”的行为，引发民族主义的反弹。于是朱令案吵成了一锅粥。

In addition,One online petitions in the White House web site:Asked the United States to study is now living in the United States the major suspects in the case of sun.Currently has more than 100000 people signed the petition."Tell the royal shape"The behavior of the,Trigger a nationalist backlash.So zhu made case has noise.

　　重启朱令案调查的理由是程序正义，但同样有人打着“程序正义”的旗号反对重启调查，双方对“无罪推定”“程序正义”“司法独立”各取所需，互相投掷“民粹”“五毛”“美分党”的污名。

Restart the zhu made investigation reason is procedural justice,But being likewise"Procedural justice"The name of opposition to restart the survey,Both sides of"Presumption of innocence""Procedural justice""An independent judiciary"To get,Throwing each other"populist""Five MAO""Cents party"The stigma.

　　朱令当年的室友孙某，被认为唯一能够接触到铊的人(孙某否认这一点)，警方在1995年通知朱令家属案情“只剩一层窗户纸了”，但侦查却离奇地戛然而止，又因为孙某家庭背景特殊。所以，近20年来公众的质疑焦点一直对准孙某。

Zhu sun makes the roommates,Is considered the only person who can come into contact with thallium(Sun has denied this),The police inform zhu to families of the case in 1995"Just one more enough",But the investigation is mysteriously,Because of special family background, sun again.so,During the past 20 years, public questioning of the focus has been on the sun.

　　的确，这落下违反了“无罪推定”的口实。法律学者萧瀚认为舆论批评的矛头应该指向司法机关的办案不力乃至渎职，而不能指向孙某个人，以呵护来之不易的法治共识，避免被民意的洪水所吞没。如果说萧瀚还是一个善意批评的话，有些人则以此夹枪带棒，消解着公众正当的正义诉求：“美国不是司法独立吗？总统都无权干涉司法啊。”“辛普森案、肯尼迪被刺案都该让中国的‘键盘福尔摩斯’去查啊！”“警方办案信息属机密，涉及当事人隐私，口口声声说‘程序正义’的人怎么都忘了？”

indeed,It sets in the breach"Presumption of innocence"The ammunition.Legal scholars Xiao Han the spearhead of thought public criticism should point to the lack of case of judicial organs and malfeasance,But personally not pointing to the sun,In order to protect hard-won consensus under the rule of law,To avoid being swallowed up by the flood of public opinion.If Xiao Han or a kindness,Others stick to clamp gun belt,Justice of the public as the appeal:"The United States is not judicial independence?The President has the right to interfere with judicial.""O.j. Simpson/The Kennedy assassination case should make in China‘The keyboard Sherlock Holmes’Go to check!""The police information confidential,Privacy involved parties,claim‘Procedural justice’How are people forget?"

　　这种近乎“病态”的争论，在每次公共事件中几乎都会上演：校车惨案发生后，一方举出美国校车坚固安全、拥有公交特权，指责中国教育投入不足；一方搜出美国校车也有被撞得支离破碎的照片。地震发生后，一方新账旧账重提指责红十字会的种种不是，其中不乏以讹传讹的；另一方则不遗余力指责志愿者进入震区是添堵、作秀……

This is almost"pathological"The debate,Almost in every public event will be staged:The school bus after the massacre,One point to the school bus safety/Has the bus privileges,Accusing China of inadequate education;A ferret out the American school bus have been smashed broken photos.After the earthquake,A new account to settle all kinds of not repeating accuse the Red Cross,There is no lack of among them handy;The other side is to blame volunteers into the earthquake zone is difficult/show……

　　有人想推着中国往前走，走得不完美，也经常犯错误；但有一些人以“不完美”为借口，自己不走，更不许别人走。这就是很多议题本身并不复杂，却被各方撕扯得面目全非的原因。负责任的公共讨论应该是厚道笃实的，寻求诉求的最大公约数，点点滴滴推动中国进步。

Anyone wants to push China forward,Go too not perfect,Also often make mistakes;But there are some people in order to"Is not perfect"As an excuse to,You don't go,More is not allowed to go to others.This is a lot of issue itself is not complicated,Are all the cause of the tear it beyond recognition.Responsible public discussion should be sincere honest,The biggest common divisor for appeal,Dribs and drabs to promote China's progress.

“无罪推定”不能无原则地泛化 "Presumption of innocence"Readiness to generalization

　　回到朱令案，目前此案讨论制造了太多的枝节矛盾，侵扰朱令案的核心议题—案情公开。比如“洋信访”，谁都知道中国的刑事案件只可能由中国司法机关解决，中国人跑去白宫网站请愿是一种绝望和自嘲。这本身是枝节问题，却被人上纲上线为“民族大义”；更有人跑去占领白宫网站，发一些“豆腐脑必须是咸的”的请愿，企图消解悲剧中公民行动的力量。

Back to zhu make the case,At present the case to discuss created too much troubles,Intrusion zhu to case of the core issues of the case publicly.Such as the"The letters and visits",Everyone knows that China's criminal cases can only be solved by Chinese judicial authorities,Chinese people went to the White House web site petition is a kind of despair and laugh at themselves.This in itself is a side issue,Being jeremiahs to"Chinese nation's sense of honor";More people went to occupy the White House web site,Send some"Soybean curd must be salty"The petition,Attempts to eliminate tragedy in civil action.

　　再比如“无罪推定”问题，其本意是司法机关在判案时不能先入为主地认定被告人是罪犯，而要以证据来证明被告人是否犯罪；证据不能达到排除合理怀疑的程度，只能判决无罪。无罪推定是一个司法原则，不能无原则地泛化到新闻报道乃至口语表达中。公众在朱令案中提出种种质疑，里面有猜想的成分，但公众不是司法机关，即便有孙某是凶手的先入之见，本身不能羁押、审讯他人，不会造成司法机关持有“有罪推定”观点可能造成的冤案。

Again for instance"Presumption of innocence"The problem,The intent was to judicial authority not preconceptions in case that the defendant is the criminal,And to evidence to prove that the defendant whether crime;Evidence can't reach the level of beyond a reasonable doubt,Can only be found not.Presumption of innocence is a legal principle,Can't disregard principles generalization to the news reports, and oral English.The public in zhu make the case put forward questions,There is a suspect,But the public is not judicial organs,Even if there is sun preconceptions of the murderer,Do not in themselves custody/Trial to others,Judicial organs will not result in a hold"Presumption of guilty"Views may cause errors.

　　可能孙某真的不是凶手，被网友“冤枉”了十多年，但要问的是目前孙某这种尴尬的处境是由谁造成的？恰恰是当初办案的缺乏透明，警方在1995年通知朱令家属案情“只剩一层窗户纸了”，但最终此案却不了了之，更糟糕的是，2008年朱令家属向北京市公安局申请公开案件侦破结果，又被以“法律、法规及相关规定不予公开的其他情形”为由拒绝。再加上孙某的显赫家庭背景，使本案更加扑朔迷离。

May sun true is not the murderer,Be a net friend"wronged"For more than a decade,But you would like to ask is the sun this embarrassing situation is caused by who?Is just at the beginning of the cases, the lack of transparency,The police inform zhu to families of the case in 1995"Just one more enough",But in the end the case was dropped,To make matters worse,Zhu 2008 families to apply to the Beijing municipal public security bureau public criminal detection results,Has been to"The law/Other circumstances regulations and relevant provisions shall not be open"Refuse to.Plus sun prominent family background,Make the case more complicated.

　　如果孙某，或替孙某抱不平者想谴责谁，那也应该谴责警方办案不透明，而不是网民。司法机关办案不阳光未被严厉谴责，却要求网民在口语表达中也要恪守专业主义的“无罪推定”，这是一种“病”：以专业主义的面目扼杀方兴未艾的公民问责、公民监督。人有病，天知否？

If the sun,Or on behalf of sun be outraged by an injustice is to blame,That is opaque to blame the police handling the case,Rather than the Internet.Judicial organs working sunshine was not condemned,But netizens should also should adhere to professionalism in oral English"Presumption of innocence",This is a"disease":With professionalism as stifling nascent civil accountability/Citizen oversight.People sick,Heaven knows no?

　　朱令案最大的舆论公约数，正是新华网舆情通报里总结的：警方有责任、有义务向公众澄清并及时回应此案中的疑点。

Zhu make the greatest common divisor of public opinion,Summary is reported xinhua net public opinion:The police are responsible for/Have an obligation to the public to clarify and respond to the case of doubt.

　　作者系律师

The author is a lawyer

　2013年5月8日北京市公安局回应“朱令案”： On May 8, 2013, the Beijing municipal public security bureau"Zhu make the case":

　　感谢社会各界对“朱令令案”的关注。这起案件未能侦破，我们至今深感遗憾。对朱令令个人遭遇的不幸和家人承受的痛苦，我们深表理解和同情。

Thank the social from all walks of life to"Zhu to make the case"The attention of the.The case failed to solve,We deeply regret so far.To zhu to make personal encounter misfortune and family to bear pain,We are understanding and sympathetic.

　　1994年12月，清华大学化学系92级本科学生朱令令因身体不适住院治疗。1995年4月28日被确认为铊盐中毒。同年5月5日，清华大学保卫部向我局报案。我局接报后迅速开展工作，认定有投毒犯罪事实发生，依法立案侦查，组成专家组开展侦查工作。专案组根据朱令令的日常活动情况，深入调查走访了130余名相关人员，并对北京市经营、使用铊盐的全部100余家单位开展工作。因从朱令令出现中毒症状到公安机关接报案件，时间已近半年，相关场所没有监控设施，犯罪痕迹物证已经灭失，尽管办案人员尽了最大努力，采取了当时能够使用的各种刑事侦查措施，仍未获取认定犯罪嫌疑人的直接证据。本着以事实为依据、以法律为准绳的精神，警方将有关工作情况向其家属进行了详细介绍，并报请政府协助学校和社会相关单位为其支付医疗费用，予以生活补偿。

In December 1994.,Department of tsinghua university grade 92 undergraduate students zhu to make hospitalization due to physical discomfort.On April 28, 1995, was identified as salt thallium poisoning.In the same year on May 5,,Tsinghua university to inform agency reported.Our bureau notified immediately after work,There is poison criminal facts,Initiate an investigation in accordance with the law,Composed of expert group to carry out the investigation work.Planning according to zhu to make daily activities,In-depth investigation and visited more than 130 personnel,And business in Beijing/Using thallium salt all work more than 100 units.From zhu make the poisoning symptoms to the public security organs of criminal cases,Time is past,Relevant premises without monitoring facilities,Crime trace material evidence has been lost,Although investigators have made every effort,At that time to be able to use all kinds of criminal investigation measures were taken,Still not get direct evidence cognizance of criminal suspects.Based on the facts as the basis/In the spirit of the law as the criterion,Police will be on work then a detailed introduction to their family members,And report to the government to assist the related units, schools and society to pay the medical expenses,Compensation to life.

　　工作中，专案组始终坚持依法公正办案，未受到任何干扰。公安机关和侦查人员对所有的刑事案件特别是严重侵害公民生命安全的案件，都会尽职尽责、全力以赴开展侦破工作，只要有一线希望，我们都会尽最大的努力。但也确有一些案件受侦办条件限制，碍于证据灭失等客观因素，最终无法侦破。对此，也希望社会公众能够理性客观看待，尊重侦查工作规律，理解支持公安机关依法办案。 (编者注：朱令令系朱令身份证姓名)

In the work,Planning always adhere to the justice case according to law,Not subjected to any interference.Criminal cases for all the public security organs and their personnel life safety especially serious violations of the civil cases,Will be conscientious/Go all out to carry out the investigation,As long as there is a glimmer of hope,We will try our best.But also there are some cases restricted by probing conditions,Because of the loss of such objective factors as evidence,Finally can't solve.For this,Also hope that the public can rational objective view,Respecting the rule of detective work,Understanding with the public security organ in accordance with the law case. (Editor's note:Zhu zhu to make department make the id card's name)