一盒奶、一个卤蛋，2元5角；一个面包、一袋牛奶，3元9角……钱虽不多，但这样的营养加餐使越来越多的农村儿童面色红润起来，身体也健壮了不少。

A box of milk/A marinated egg,2 $;A loaf of/A bag of milk,3 yuan 9 Angle...Money is not,But such nutrition meat to make more and more rural children up complexion is ruddy,The body also is strong many.

　　不过，这些营养改善措施尚没有扭转这样的局面：我国儿童营养状况城乡差异明显，农村地区特别是贫困地区农村儿童营养问题突出，其中以留守儿童尤为严重。

but,These nutrition improvement measures is still not turn this situation:Children's nutritional status in our country urban and rural differences are significant,Rural regions, especially in the rural areas of poor children's nutrition problems,The left-behind children particularly serious.

　　记者从10月18至19日召开的第三届反贫困与儿童发展国际研讨会上获悉，我国农村地区儿童低体重率和生长迟缓率约为城市儿童的3～4倍，贫困地区又为城市的6~8倍。仅2010年，6～12个月农村儿童贫血患病率就高达28.2%，20%的5岁以下贫困地区农村儿童生长迟缓。

Reporter from October 18 to 19 at the third session of poverty and child development international seminar on that,Children in rural areas of low weight rate and growth ChiHuanLv about urban children's 3 ~ 4 times,Poor areas of the city and for 6 ~ 8 times.Only 2010 years,6 ~ 12 months rural children anemia prevalence is as high as 28.2%,20% of poor rural areas under five years old children's growth retardation.

　　“人力资本的质量是决定一国经济增长的重要因素。如果到了成年后才试图补救儿童早期发展阶段的不平等，那么不仅效果不如早期干预显著，而且成本更高。”诺贝尔经济学奖获得者詹姆斯·海克曼此间表示，营养不良不仅仅是健康问题，更是社会问题。

"Human capital quality is decide a country's economic growth of the important factors.If the adult before trying to remedy early childhood development phase of inequality,So not only as early intervention effect significantly,And higher costs."The Nobel Prize winner of economics James heckman said here,Malnutrition is not only health problems,More social problems.

两成农村儿童发育不良 Twenty percent of rural children dysplasia

　　“中国每年的新生儿有1600万，其中约有60%生活在农村。而由于大量农民工进入城市谋求生计，3岁农村儿童中有三分之一成为留守儿童，他们大多集中在偏远的贫困地区。”全球健康与儿童发展咨询顾问杨一鸣话语中充满焦虑。

"Every year China 16 million newborns,About 60% of life in the countryside.And because a large number of migrant workers in cities seek sustenance,3 years old children in rural areas have a third become left-behind children,Most of them concentrated in the remote, impoverished areas."Global health and development of children YangYiMing consultant word filled with anxiety.

　　杨一鸣说，我国农村儿童的发展受到许多因素威胁，如糟糕的卫生、营养、养育水平。在6个月的农村婴儿中，超过三分之一患有贫血；2岁农村儿童中，高达21%的孩子发育不良。在杨一鸣看来，如何确保生命起点公平，是一个严峻挑战。

YangYiMing said,The development of China's rural children threat is affected by many factors,Such as bad health/nutrition/Raising level.After six months of rural infants,More than a third suffer from anemia;2 years old children in rural areas,Up to 21% of children dysplasia.In YangYiMing seems,How to ensure fair starting point of life,Is a severe challenges.

　　“很多时候，土豆和黄豆就是他们唯一的蔬菜。”中国扶贫基金会秘书长刘文奎调查发现，我国农村地区儿童蛋白质和微量营养素摄入不足，营养不良现象严重，缺铁性贫血发病率高。

"Most of the time,Potatoes and beans is their only vegetables."China foundation for poverty alleviation secretary-general LiuWenKui survey found,In rural areas children protein and micronutrient deficiency of intake,Malnutrition is serious,The high rate of iron deficiency anemia.

　　中国疾病预防控制中心数据显示，我国农村地区儿童身高比城市儿童身高平均低4～5厘米，体重轻3.5～4.5公斤。与此同时，农村儿童维生素A缺乏是城市儿童的4.5倍。

China's center for disease control data display,In rural areas children height than the city children height mean lower 4 ~ 5 cm,Light weight 3.5 ~ 4.5 kg.meanwhile,Rural children lack of vitamin A is 4.5 times of the children.

　　营养不良最为严重的后果是：死亡。世界贸易组织报告显示，35%的5岁以下儿童的死亡跟营养不良相关。而在中国，这一数字为20%左右。

Malnutrition is the most serious consequences:death.The world trade organization report shows,35% of children under the age of five die of nutrition related with.In China,The figure was 20%.

　　因此，中国政府采取了一系列措施遏制贫困地区儿童的营养恶化，特别是加大了财政投入力度。

therefore,The Chinese government adopted a series of measures to rein in the poor areas children's nutrition deterioration,Especially increase the financial investment.

　　2011年秋季学期，国务院决定在全国22个省(区、市)的集中连片特殊困难地区699个县试点实施农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，惠及2600万学生。初步测算，中央财政将每年为此补贴160亿元。

The 2011 fall semester,The state council decided in the national 22 provinces(area/city)The concentrated special difficult areas 699 county rural compulsory education students pilot implementation nutrition improvement plan,2600 students benefit.Preliminary estimates,The central Treasury will incorporate this year allowance of 16 billion yuan.

　　2012年10月15日，卫生部又宣布将在10省(区、市)集中连片困难地区的100个县发放免费营养包，近30万半岁至2岁贫困农村儿童受益。

On October 15, 2012,The ministry of health announced and will be in 10 provinces(area/city)Concentrated difficult areas of 100 county offer free nutrition package,Nearly 300000 half years old to 2 years old poor rural children benefit.

　　但教育部财务司副司长田祖荫坦言：“‘营养改善计划’任重而道远。”

But the ministry of education account division deputy director general field heritage that must never be said:"‘Nutrition improvement plan’Heavy responsibities."

断开的营养政策链条 Disconnect nutrition policy chain

　　田祖荫表示，在我国农村实施营养改善面临着庞大的群体。农村义务教育在校人数为1.3亿，相当于两个英国的人口规模，是名副其实的义务大国。加之，平原、山区地理差异大，民族构成众多，学校食堂硬件不足都使情况更为复杂。

Field heritage that must never be said,In our country implements nutrition improve facing huge group.Rural compulsory education school enrollments for 130 million,Two British equivalent to the size of the population,It is a really big obligations.Together with,plain/Mountain geographical differences of the big,Many ethnic composition,The school canteen hardware shortages will make the situation more complex.

　　“第二个问题是补助标准比较低。”田祖荫说，中央财政按每生每天3元的标准为试点地区农村义务教育阶段学生提供营养膳食补助，只是定位在基本补助，带有扶贫款的性质，这样一个标准在少数地方可以解决吃饭和吃饱的问题，但在很多地方谈不上营养。

"A second problem is subsidy standard is low."Field heritage that must never be said,The central government born per every 3 yuan standards for pilot areas of rural compulsory education stage provide students with nutrition meal allowance,Just positioning in the basic subsidies,With the nature of the FuPinKuan,Such a standard in a few places to solve the problem of eating and full,But in many places far from nutrition.

　　更令田祖荫感到担忧的是“安全隐患大”。从田间到餐桌，涉及到食材采购、交通运输、储存加工、分餐就餐等各方面工作，单靠学校很难做到有效控制。今年以来，中西部地区7个省已先后发生了10多起食品安全或疑似食品中毒事件。

More make field heritage that must never be worried is"Safety hidden trouble big".From the field, come to the table,Involves food material purchasing/transportation/Storage processing/Which repast and so on various aspects work,Single depending on the school is accomplished very hard effective control.Since this year,The Midwest 7 provinces have been happened more than 10 on food safety or suspected food poisoning events.

　　与此同时，中国发展研究基金会在调研中发现，我国农村儿童特别是留守儿童的营养政策链条存在断点。

meanwhile,The China development research foundation found in the investigation,China's rural children, especially left-behind children nutrition policy chain exist breakpoint.

　　“目前我国针对2～5岁贫困地区农村儿童的营养干预完全没有。”该基金会一位工作人员表示，6岁以前的营养状况对于儿童的成长至关重要，但营养改善计划只针对义务教育阶段，并没有包含学龄前。

"At present our country for 2 ~ 5 years of poverty in the rural areas of children's nutrition intervention no."The foundation a staff said,The age of 6 nutritional status for children's growth is very important,But nutrition improvement plan is only for compulsory education stage,And does not include preschool.

　　更令工作人员感到无奈的，大多数农村教育管理者、校长、教师和家长缺乏营养健康知识。他们在一些贫困县调研时看到，留守儿童多由祖父母或亲戚照顾，一些老人会将免费发放的牛奶鸡蛋，换成乳酸饮料给孩子喝，“他们认为鸡蛋是‘发物’，孩子吃多了不好！”

More make staff feel helpless,Most rural education managers/The headmaster/Teachers and parents lack of nutrition and health knowledge.They see in some counties in research,Left-behind children is much by grandparents or relatives to take care of,Some old people will will be distributed free milk egg,For lactic acid beverage to give the child a drink,"They think that eggs are‘mustn’,Children eat much bad!"

消除贫困从“预分配”开始 Eliminate poverty from"Prior allocation"Began to

　　贫困，是造成农村儿童，特别是留守儿童营养缺乏的主要原因。

poverty,Is a rural children,Especially the left-behind children lack of nutrition of the main reasons.

　　北京师范大学中国收入分配研究院执行院长李实指出，我国目前仍然有1.28亿人生活在贫困线下，贫困发生率为13%。据推断，农村0～10岁之间的儿童，约有2600万生活在贫困线以下。

Beijing normal university institute of China's income distribution executive director of LiShi pointed out,At present there are still 128 million people live below the poverty line,Poverty rate is 13%.According to infer that,Rural 0 ~ 10 years old between child,About 26 million live below the poverty line.

　　李实认为，应从多维角度看待儿童贫困，特别是将农民工子女营养和教育问题作为政府下一步工作的重中之重。

LiShi think,Multidimensional view from children's poverty,Especially to the children of peasant workers nutrition and education problem as a top priority in the work of the next government.

　　“看待儿童贫困问题，不能仅看以收入、消费为核心的绝对贫困标准，而是关注儿童发展条件的差距，包括教育、医疗、营养、社会救助和保护等各方面。”李实认为，城市儿童与农村儿童发展条件上的差别，带来了未来更大的就业和收入上的差异性，整个社会的收入差异也很难被缩小。

"Look at children's poverty,Not only look to income/Consumption is the core of the absolute poverty standard,But pay attention to children's development conditions of the gap,Including education/medical/nutrition/Social assistance and protection, etc."LiShi think,Urban children and rural children on the conditions for the development of the difference,Bring the future more employment and income differences,The whole society income difference is also difficult to be reduced.

　　李实指出，目前此种差异性体现在城乡、地区、性别、民族之间，在流动儿童和留守儿童中尤为突出。

LiShi pointed out that,At present such differences reflected in urban and rural/area/gender/Between national,In the migrant children and left-behind children is particularly prominent.

　　“不应该仅仅看到收入的重新分配，我们应该有更广阔的视野，通过‘预分配’来实现公平，即注重培养人的技能和能力。”作为诺贝尔经济学奖得主，海克曼更善于从人的生命周期研究“成本效益”。他认为，社会回报最大的投资是对生活在家庭养育环境不利的弱势儿童的投资，这对提高社会生产力，促进社会公平，从根源消除贫困具有重大意义。

"Should not only see the redistribution of income,We should have a wider field of vision,Through the‘Prior allocation’To realize fair,That is pay attention to cultivate people's skills and abilities."As the Nobel Prize winner,Heckman more good at from man's life cycle research"Cost benefit".He thinks,The biggest social return on investment is to live in family raising environmental adverse disadvantaged children's investment,For improving the social productivity,Promote social fairness and,From the root eliminate poverty is of great significance.

　　海克曼进一步解释，一个社会的表现取决于劳动者的能力和功能的发挥。如果这些能力低下，会造成很多社会问题。对于农村贫困儿童而言，实施高质量的早期干预措施，可以帮助减少不平等，促进教育，减少犯罪，同时也能促进他们发展认知和技能，进而提高劳动生产力。

Heckman further explanation,The performance of a society depends on the employee's ability and the function of the play.If the ability is low,Can cause a lot of social problems.For rural poverty in children,Implementation of high quality early intervention measures,Can help reduce inequality,Promote education,Reducing crime,At the same time also can promote their cognitive and skill development,And improve labor productivity.

　　专家们认为，随着城市化不断推进，我国现有的5000多万留守儿童在未来20年将陆续进入城市，成为劳动力市场主力。他们当前的营养、健康和教育状况将直接关系到其未来的身心素质和社会生产力水平。

Experts say,With the urbanization advancement,Our country's existing more than 5000 left-behind children in the next 20 years will have entered the city,Become the main labor market.Their current nutrition/Health and education status will be directly related to the future of physical and mental quality and the level of social productive forces.

　　“投资于儿童，无论在经济增长还是道德层面上都势在必行。”海克曼说。

"Investment in children,No matter in economic growth or moral levels is imperative."Heckman said.