商业银行须打造核心竞争力 The commercial bank shall make the key competitiveness

　　杨再平 Yang to flat

　　以1978年为起点，中国银行(601988,股吧)业的发展可谓从“1到1+4再到1+4+N”。1，即人民银行独此1家；4，即改革开放初期4大“国家专业银行”，后改为4大“国有独资商业银行”；N，即4大之外的大小银行，如今大小银行已3800多家。

In 1978, as a starting point，The bank of China(601988,guba)The development of the industry from it“1 to 1 + 4 to 1 + 4 + n”。1，That is the people's bank alone this one home；4，That is the early reform and opening four“national specialized bank”，Instead after four“State-owned commercial Banks”；n，That is the size of the four outside the bank，now size bank has more than 3800 home。

　　当年银行那么少，其发展当然就任由“跑马圈地”。大致而言，上世纪90年代中后期以前，中国银行业的发展还是跑马圈地的阶段。现在情况显然不同了，大小银行3800多家，资产超过124万亿，虽不能说已经饱和，但空地已经很少很有限，“跑马圈地”发展阶段应该已经结束。

The bank so little，As the development of course by“Horse race enclosure”。generally，Before the 1990 s，China's banking development or horse race enclosure of the stage。now is obviously different，Size bank more than 3800 home，Assets of more than 124 trillion，not to say is saturated，But space has rarely is very limited，“Horse race enclosure”Stage of development should has ended。

　　这样，今后大多数银行，尤其是城商行及农村银行业金融机构，就只能根留地方，在地方发展。

this，Most Banks in the future，Especially city firm and rural financial institutions in the banking industry，Can only root leave place，In the local development。

　　我国银行业已经面临各方面挑战。首先，由于我国银行业金融机构多项主要业务高度同质化，使得相同市场结构的竞争较国外更激烈，在有些业务领域竞争甚至白热化。

China's banking industry has faced the challenge。First of all，Because our country banking financial institutions a number of main competitive business，Make the same market structure of the competition is more intense abroad，In some business competition even intensified。

　　而来自国际方面的竞争也不可小视。国际银行金融危机之后，国际领先银行对我们的竞争压力似乎有所减少，但这相当于是别人的高级“车”在高速路上出了故障，我们的“车”没上那高速路没出故障，并非我们的“车”就比别人高级，一旦其大修完成，其好“车”仍将对我们的“车”构成竞争压力。这一点，国内有些银行是清醒的，但多数未必。

And from international competition also can not be ignored。International bank after the financial crisis，Leading international bank to our competitive pressure seems to be reduced，But this is quite so someone else's senior“car”On the way out of the trouble，our“car”Didn't the expressway didn't trouble，Is not our“car”Is senior than others，Once the complete overhaul，The good“car”Will still to our“car”Competition pressure。this，Domestic some bank is clear，But most may not。

　　另外，我国银行业还面临大力发展资本市场、显著增加直接融资比重、金融脱媒的竞争压力；还有来自大量中国特色“影子银行”，比如典当行、小额贷款公司、信用担保公司、民间借贷等方面的竞争。这意味着，银行业的生存空间将被大大压缩。

In addition，China's banking industry also faces to vigorously develop the capital markets、Significantly increase the proportion of direct financing、Financial disintermediation competition pressure；And from a large number of Chinese characteristics“Shadow Banks”，Such as the pawnshop、Petty loan company、Credit guarantee company、Folk loan of competition。This means that，Banking living space will be greatly compressed。

　　最后是利率市场化。过去曾经有过5至6个百分点的净利差，现在3个百分点左右。完全利率市场化的日本及我国台湾、香港等地区的利差都在1个百分点上下。1个百分点的净利差，意味着我们的利润空间将被大大压缩。而且，利率完全市场化，竞争将更激烈，风险管控将更复杂、更困难。

The interest rate marketization。In the past there have been 5 to 6% of the net profit difference，now about 3%。Completely interest rate marketization of Japan and China Taiwan、Hong Kong and other regions are spread in up and down 1%。1% of the net profit difference，Means that our profit space will be greatly compressed。and，Interest rate marketization completely，The competition will be more intense，Risk control will be more complex、More difficult。

　　为此，我们的商业银行必须清醒认识自己所面临的日趋激烈的多方位竞争格局，必须在日趋激烈的多方位竞争格局中打造差异化特色化，凸显核心竞争力。

therefore，Our commercial Banks must awake know himself facing the fierce competition of the multi-dimensional pattern，Must be in the increasingly fierce competition in the multi-dimensional pattern of creating differentiation characteristic，Highlight the core competitiveness。

　　所谓“核心竞争力”，就是不易被替代甚或不可或缺的服务经营能力。那当然就得从差异化、特色化做起，即“人无我有，人有我特，人特我优”。

The so-called“Core competitiveness”，Is not easily be replaced or even indispensable service capacity。That of course have to from differentiation、Start characteristic，namely“A man without I have，The human has me,，Especially those I optimal”。

　　只要深耕地方，就能打造核心竞争力。由于地方与地方之间、同一地方不同发展时段之间本身就存在差异、特色，因而只要扎根地方、精耕细作，就一定能够做出差异、做出特色并做出品牌，打造出上述“核心竞争力”。相反，心还在跑马圈地，而不在地方，一味盲目追大，是断不可能打造出上述“核心竞争力”的。

As long as the subsoil place，To build the core competitiveness。As local and between place、The same place between different development time itself exists difference、characteristics，So as long as the roots place、Intensive cultivation，Will be able to make difference、Do the special features and make the brand，Create the“Core competitiveness”。instead，The heart is still horse race enclosure，not in place，Blindly blind after big，Is broken could not make out the above“Core competitiveness”of。

　　比如，有银行将核心战略定位为“本土小微企业特色银行”，围绕“有效解决小微企业金融服务难题”开展产品创新，以及围绕社区居民消费、经营、理财等需求创新推出“消费+就业+理财”的“三元”模式，满足城乡居民不同层面金融服务需求，业绩也显著。

For example，Has the bank will core strategy for“Local small micro enterprise characteristic bank”，around“Effectively solve the small micro enterprise financial services problem”Carry out product innovation，And around the community residents consumption、business、Financial management needs innovation launch“Consumption + employment + financial management”of“Three yuan”mode，Urban and rural residents meet different levels of financial service needs，Performance also significantly。

　信用消费基础建设应提速 Consumer credit infrastructure speed should be

　　谭浩俊 TanHaoJun

　　启动消费，激活需求，已成为当前“稳增长”最紧迫的一项工作。除了传统的刺激消费政策之外，加快制定出台信用消费政策，是比较可行和可靠的一种选择。

Consumption start-up，Activation demand，Has become the current“Steady growth”The most pressing a piece of work。In addition to traditional stimulate consumption outside policy，To speed up the promulgated consumer credit policy，Is more feasible and reliable a choice。

　　所谓信用消费，就是指消费者向银行和其他金融机构借款，用于购买商品和服务的一种消费方式。信用消费在发达国家已经相当普遍，信用消费占全部消费的比重已经超过了60%，而我国信用消费占全部消费的比重只有12%。如果我国信用消费能够提高10个百分点，按照2011年全国社会消费品零售总额181226亿元计算，信用消费就可增加18000多亿，即便可采用信用消费的商品只占30%，信用消费也可达到5000多亿。

The so-called consumer credit，Refers to the consumer to Banks and other financial institutions borrowing，Used to buy goods and services of a kind of consumption patterns。Consumer credit in the developed countries have quite common，Consumer credit accounted for the proportion of all the consumption of more than 60%，And our country credit consumption accounts for only 12% of all the proportion of consumption。If our country consumer credit can be increased by 10%，According to the 2011 national social total retail sales of consumer goods is 18.1226 trillion yuan calculation，Consumer credit can increase more than $18000，Even if can use credit consumption goods only 30%，Consumer credit also can achieve more than $5000。

　　更重要的，扩大信用消费、提高信用消费的比重，可以对居民的消费习惯、消费理念、消费思想、消费结构、消费倾向等产生积极的推动作用。为什么发达国家税收杠杆的作用比我国强，为什么发达国家一旦实施减税政策，就能对消费市场产生强烈的刺激作用，就在于消费对经济的贡献份额很高。其中，信用消费扮演了十分重要的角色。

More important，Expand consumer credit、Improve the proportion of consumer credit，Can on the residents' consumption habits、Consumption concept、Consumption thought、Consumption structure、Propensity to consume and have a positive role。Why in developed countries, the role of the tax revenue lever than our country strong，Why the developed countries once cut taxes，Can the consumer market produce strong stimulation，Is the consumption to economic contribution share is very high。the，Consumer credit plays an important role。

　　也许有人认为，在目前的社会信用环境和居民消费习惯下，推行信用消费的条件还不够成熟，氛围也难以形成。这话不能说没有道理，但这并不意味着推行信用消费没有条件。一方面，社会信用环境不是等出来的，而是实践出来的。不大力推行信用消费，就无法知道我们的社会信用环境到底差在哪里，到底需要从哪些方面入手加以解决和完善；另一方面，居民的消费习惯，不仅要靠居民自己的领悟，更要靠政府的引导，靠银行等部门提供条件。更何况，现在的很多年轻人，都已经逐步接受了“先消费、后付款”的消费方式。如果银行能够向这部分人群开放信用消费窗口，相信信用消费会取得长足的进步，并带动其他人群采用信用消费方式。

Perhaps some people think that，In the present social credit environment and residents under spending habits，Implementation of the consumer credit conditions is not enough mature，Atmosphere is also difficult to form。This can't say makes no sense，But this does not mean that implementation of the consumer credit no conditions。On the one hand，Social credit environment, such as is not out，But out of practice。not vigorously carry out the consumer credit，It is impossible to know our social credit environment exactly what's the difference，Really need from what respect proceed with to solve and improve；On the other hand，Residents' consumption habits，Should not only rely on residents own understanding，More must depend on the guidance by the government，By Banks and other departments to provide conditions。besides，now many young people，Have been gradually accepted“Consume first、Payment after”Consumption mode。If the bank to this part of the crowd open credit consumption window，Believe that consumer credit will make great progress，And bring along the other people use credit consumption patterns。

　　当然，要加快信用消费步伐，扩大信用消费范围，提高信用消费占全部消费的比重，首先必须加大社会信用建设力度，建立覆盖面较高的社会信用体系，包括个人诚信记录、信用等级评比、优质信用客户档案建立等。

Of course，To speed up the pace of consumer credit，Expand the range of consumer credit，Improve the credit consumption accounted for the proportion of all consumption，You must increase the social credit construction force，Establish coverage higher social credit system，Including personal integrity records、Credit rating comparison、High quality credit customer establishment of archives。

　　第二，要加快个人消费信贷制度建设，从制度上为消费信用创造良好的环境。其中，所有银行都要为居民建立信用档案，都要有消费作用的具体办法和措施，有具体的操作流程与程序。

The second，To speed up the personal consumption credit system construction，From the system for the consumer credit creation good environment。the，All Banks to establish credit files for residents，Have consumption function of the specific methods and measures，There are specific operation process and procedure。

　　第三，要大力开发个人消费信贷产品，增加可供居民进行信用消费的多元化、市场化信贷品种和信贷产品，并有足够的资金保障，从而让居民能够找到适合自己消费习惯的消费产品，敢消费、想消费、能消费。

The third，To develop personal consumption credit products，For residents increased the diversity of consumer credit、Market credit varieties and credit products，And have enough funding，So that people can find their spending habits of consumer products，Dare consumption、Want to consumption、Can consumption。

　　第四，财政要积极支持居民进行信用消费，对有条件的商品，可采取财政贴息、财政补贴等方式，鼓励居民开展信用消费。

The fourth，Financial shall actively support residents consumer credit，For conditional goods，Can adopt fiscal interest discount、Financial subsidies, etc，To encourage residents to carry out credit consumption。

　　第五，打造信用消费文化，通过普及信用消费知识、倡导信用消费理念、宣传信用消费法律法规等，营造良好的信用消费环境。

The fifth，Build credit consumption culture，Through the popular consumer credit knowledge、Advocate credit consumption concept、Propaganda consumer credit laws and regulations, etc，Build a good credit consumption environment。

　　（本栏目稿件只反映作者个人观点，不代表本报立场）

（This column contributions can only reflect the author's point of view，Do not represent the position）