核心提示：阿里已在重庆布下小贷、担保两大小微金融领域，随着“三马卖保险”平台的组建，马云“金融帝国”雏形初现。重庆能否成为“三马”的金融归宿，新业态对传统金融业冲击几何？

Core tips:Ali has been set in chongqing small loans/Two size micro finance guarantee,Along with the"Three-horse sell insurance"Platform construction,Jack ma"Financial empire"Is taking shape.Chongqing can be"three-horse"Financial end-result,New forms of traditional financial impact?

　　《支点》记者 袁阳平

[fulcrum]The reporter yuan rising tone

　　5月10日，“电商帝国”创始人马云将卸任阿里巴巴集团（简称“阿里”）CEO一职，退居幕后，全职担任阿里董事局主席。

On May 10,,"Electric business empire"Founder jack ma will leave alibaba group(Hereinafter referred to as"ali")The position of The CEO,Take a back seat,Full-time as ali, chairman of the board.

　　在退居二线前的三个月内，马云马不停蹄，为阿里“三驾马车”中的“金融帝国”建雏形、搭班子。

In the three months before the take a back seat,Mr. Ma on,For ali"troika"In the"Financial empire"Build a prototype/DaBanZi.

　　就在3年前，马云选择西部重镇重庆，为旗下第二家小额贷款公司探路，随后还布下担保业，加上日前“三马卖保险”平台的组建，重庆两江新区或将成为“三马”挺进金融业的实验田。

Just three years ago,Jack ma, choose the western town of chongqing,For the first two small loans company units,Then set the assurance,Coupled with a"Three-horse sell insurance"Platform construction,Chongqing liangjiang new area or will be"three-horse"The field of the financial sector.

　　试水小微金融

To small micro finance

　　3月7日下午，马云在一封内部邮件中透露，任命彭蕾为筹备中的阿里小微金融服务集团的首席执行官(CEO)，直接负责阿里系所有金融业务。此前，彭蕾一直担任阿里集团CPO(首席人力资源官)及支付宝CEO。

On March 7, in the afternoon,Jack ma said in an E-mail,Appointed Peng Lei ali in the preparations for the small micro financial services group's chief executive(The CEO),Ali is directly responsible for all financial business.after,Peng Lei CPO has been ali group(Chief human resources officer)And pay treasure to The CEO.

　　这次任命备受业界瞩目，意味着阿里以平台、金融和数据“三驾马车”战略中的金融“帝国”板块，开启与电商板块“同级别”的集团作战策略。

The appointment by the industry,Means that ali platform/Financial and data"troika"Strategy of the financial"The empire"plate,Open plate with electrical contractor"With the level of"The group strategy.

　　这一直是马云“金融帝国”构想。早在5年前，马云放出豪言壮语，“如果银行不改变，那我们改变银行。”

This has been ma"Financial empire"idea.As early as five years ago,Mr Ma let out grandiloquence,"If the bank won't change,Then we change the bank."

　　阿里小微金融的创新实践始于2010年4月，以浙江省阿里巴巴小额贷款股份有限公司的设立为标志。不过马云的眼光显然并未停留在“下有苏杭”的富饶之地。

Ali small micro financial innovation practice began in April 2010,In zhejiang province alibaba marked the establishment of small loan co., LTD.But Mr. Ma's eyes, apparently, did not stay on"Below there are suzhou and hangzhou"The fertile land.

　　同年9月，他带着14人的高管团队，来到了重庆两江新区考察。此行考察，马云的意图很明显，为“金融帝国”铺路。“在重庆我们要创新突破，我们想在重庆发展新的业务，诞生一个新的东西。”马云抖出心里话。

In the same year in September,He took his 14 senior management team,Come to the chongqing liangjiang new area.The trip survey,Mr. Ma's intention is very obvious,For the"Financial empire"Pave the way."In chongqing, we are going to innovation breakthrough,We want to develop new business in chongqing,Give birth to a new things."Jack ma, reveal the truth.

　　次年，阿里小微金融旗下第二家小额贷款公司在重庆成立，注册资本10亿元，小额信贷产品的运作载体雏形已现。

The following year,Ali small micro financial first two small loans company was founded in chongqing,Registered capital of 1 billion yuan,Microfinance products operation vehicle prototype has now.

　　数据显示，截至2012年6月，阿里小贷为12.9万余家小微企业提供融资服务，累计贷款总额超260亿元。

According to data,As of June 2012,Ali, more than 129000 small loans for small micro enterprise financing services,Accumulative total exceeds 26 billion yuan.

　　马云的脚步很快。一年半之后，马云的金融触角又伸向了重庆的担保业。2012年底，马云在重庆成立了阿里小微金融的第一家担保公司——商诚融资担保有限公司，注册资本3亿，股东均为马云的三家子公司阿里巴巴、淘宝和融信。

Mr. Ma's footsteps soon.After a year and a half,Mr. Ma's financial tentacles again into chongqing's assurance.At the end of 2012,Jack ma founded in chongqing ali small micro financial ShangCheng - the first guarantee company financing guarantee co., LTD,Registered capital of 300 million,Shareholders are the three subsidiaries of jack ma, alibaba/Taobao and melting letter.

　　重庆金融界人士向媒体反映，这家担保公司融资性担保机构经营许可证有效期至2017年9月7日，注册地点是重庆市江北区复盛镇正街政府大楼，但实际经营地点是在重庆渝北区。复盛镇政府工作人员接受媒体采访时介绍，自今年3月份阿里任命彭蕾新职以来，这家公司都没有入驻这个地点来办公，只是相互之间有一些交流和沟通。

Chongqing financiers reflect to the media,The financing guarantee institutions guarantee company business license is valid until September 7, 2017,Registration site is chongqing jiangbei town main street fu sheng government buildings,But the actual business location is YuBeiOu in chongqing.Fu sheng township government staff in an interview with the media is introduced,Since ali Peng Lei appointed new job since march this year,The company did not come to the site office,Just have some exchanges and communication between each other.

　　这一点得到阿里集团公关部人士的确认。“我们从事的是线上金融业务，并不一定非要有人在重庆，仅是偶尔有同事在那边负责。”该人士告诉《支点》记者，这恰是阿里的优势所在。凭借巨大的中小企业网商群体及阿里衍生出来的“诚信通指数”，或将彻底颠覆传统金融贷款企业。

This is ali group's public relations people to confirm."We are in the online banking business,Do not necessarily have to someone in chongqing,Just occasionally have colleagues in charge over there."The source told[fulcrum]reporter,This is ali's advantage.With the big small and medium-sized enterprise electronic retailing group and ali"Trustpass index",Or will completely subvert the traditional enterprise financial loans.

　　西进两江

The west lakes

　　马云不是一个人去战斗。

Mr Ma is not a man to fight.

　　今年3月1日15时35分前后，众安在线官方微博连发两道信息，证实该公司正式获得中国保监会“同意筹建”的批文。

On March 1, 15 this year, 35 points before and after,The online sending two information to the official weibo,Confirmed that the company won the China insurance regulatory commission officially"Agreed to set up"The approval of.

　　这就是受到外界关注的“三马卖保险”——众安在线由马云、中国平安(601318,股吧)马明哲与腾讯马化腾即俗称的“三马”组建。“作为一家立志‘服务互联网’的保险公司，将创新付之实践是与生俱来的互联网基因”，这是众安在线给自己的定位。

This is by the attention"Three-horse sell insurance"- all the online by jack ma, Ann/China's ping an(601318,stocks)Mr Ma and ma huateng of tencent is commonly known as"three-horse"To form a."As an aim to‘The Internet service’The insurance company,Will pay the innovation practice is inherent in the Internet",This is the online orientation to their own.

　　保监会的批复文件显示，众安在线注册资本为人民币10亿元，注册地为上海。除了“三马”外，另有包括北京携程国际旅行社有限公司、优孚控股有限公司等在内的6名股东。

Circ's approval documents,The Ann online registered capital of 1 billion yuan,Registered in Shanghai.In addition to"three-horse"outside,Otherwise including Beijing ctrip international travel service co., LTD/Optimal first six shareholders holding co., LTD., etc.

　　不难看出，马云已提前在重庆布下棋局，即被称为阿里金融“三驾马车”：小贷、担保、保险。由于这是阿里在全国唯一一个同时拥有小贷和担保公司的城市，因此，重庆这块试验田的成败与否，也关系着马云金融帝国的走向。

It is not hard to see,Mr Ma has been set in chongqing on a chess board in advance,Which is referred to as financial ali"troika":Small loans/guarantee/insurance.Since this is ali the only a across the country also has the small loans and guarantee companies in the city,so,Chongqing poison-off "success or failure,The course of the relationship with Mr. Ma also financial empire.

　　马云是一个成功而且富有战略眼光的商人，必定会在商言商。他为何将赌注下在重庆两江新区呢？这与近年来两江新区大力发展金融业有着密切关系。

Mr. Ma is a successful businessman and rich strategic vision,It's bound to it's all business.Why he would bet on the chongqing liangjiang new area?With the liangjiang new area in recent years, vigorously develop the financial industry has a close relationship.

　　2003年7月，重庆市政府常务会议审议通过《重庆中央商务区规划》（以下简称《规划》），《规划》将中央商务区的位置选择在“金三角”地区，主要由江北城商务中心区、解放碑商贸中心区和南岸弹子石功能配套区共同组成。

In July 2003,The chongqing government executive meeting examined and approved[Chongqing central business district planning](Hereinafter referred to as the[planning]),[planning]Will choose in the position of the central business district"The golden triangle"region,Mainly by the city in the north of the central business district/The jiangbei central commercial and the south bank of marbles stone area of supporting functions.

　　据重庆两江新区管委会提供的资料显示，从2005年开始拆迁，7年时间，江北嘴已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。按照重庆对江北嘴的规划，该区域建设面积达640万平方米，已经开工了400万平方米，30多家金融机构和总部机构已经确定进驻江北嘴中央商务区。有意思的是，这块原名“江北城”的区域，后被人称为“江北嘴”。

The information provided according to the chongqing liangjiang new area administrative committee,Begin from 2005 units,Seven years,Jiangbei mouth has changed dramatically.According to the chongqing jiangbei mouth of planning,The construction area of 6.4 million square meters,Has construction area of 4 million square meters,More than 30 headquarters of financial institutions and agencies have been confirmed in jiangbei mouth's central business district.It is interesting,The original name"Jiangbei town"Areas of the,After being referred to as"Jiangbei mouth".

　　“下有陆家嘴(600663,股吧)，上有江北嘴。”对于江北嘴中央商务区，重庆市明确提出将这里打造成中国内陆的金融中心，成为继上海陆家嘴、北京金融街之后的中国“第三金融区”。

"With lujiazui(600663,stocks),Is on the jiangbei mouth."For jiangbei mouth's central business district,Chongqing clearly put forward here in China inland financial centre,Become the lujiazui, Shanghai/After the Beijing financial street in China"The third financial district".

　　截至目前，已经入驻的金融机构包括农行重庆分行、中行重庆分行、国开行重庆分行以及中国人寿(601628,股吧)保险重庆分公司等，本地金融机构如安诚保险、重庆农村商业银行等也选择在重庆江北嘴设立区域总部。此外，一些跨国公司的区域结算中心、全国性票据交易中心也在积极对接重庆江北嘴准备入驻。

Up to now,Have in financial institutions, including bank chongqing branch/The bank of China chongqing branch/CDB, chongqing branch and China life(601628,stocks)Insurance chongqing branch, etc,Local financial institutions such as hyder insurance/Chongqing rural commercial bank, also choose to set up regional headquarters in chongqing jiangbei mouth.In addition,Some multinational regional settlement center/National paper trading center is in the active docking chongqing jiangbei mouth ready for occupancy.

　　阿里内部人士透露，马云或许是醉翁之意不在酒，实际上是为全球网商进行国际贸易提供第三方担保交易，类似超级网银。更形象准确地说，这是阿里支付宝的国际版。

Insiders revealed ali,Mr Ma is probably many kiss the baby for the nurse's sake,International trade is, in fact, as a global electronic retailing for provide third party guarantee transaction,Similar to super online banking system,.Image more accurately,This is ali pay treasure international version.

　　这几年来，重庆并非仅仅围绕主流金融业务、结算中心、金融保障体系等五个层次推进内陆金融中心建设，在打造离岸结算中心方面，重庆已抢占到国内先机，这也是吸引“阿里支付宝国际版”落户两江新区的主要原因之一。

Over the past few years,Chongqing is not only around the mainstream financial business/Settlement center/Interior of financial security system and so on five levels to promote financial center construction,In terms of building offshore settlement center,Chongqing has preempted to domestic initiative,This is to attract"Ali pay treasure international version"Settled in one of the leading causes of liangjiang new area.

　　马云亦自称非常看好两江新区未来的发展，其在重庆考察期间表示，淘宝在重庆的卖家有5万多，每个月销售值达100万的有350家以上。

Ma also themselves very bullish on the future development of the liangjiang new area,During the investigation in chongqing said,Taobao sellers in chongqing has more than 50000,Products generate up to 1 million more than 350 every month.

　　“三马”心心相印

"three-horse"Mutual affinity

　　重庆市金融办提供的资料显示，从2008年重庆地区试点金融创新以来，重庆地区小额贷款数量已达到157家，已累计发放贷款1400多亿元，不良资产率在0.5%以下。

Chongqing's financial services office provides information display,Chongqing area from 2008 since the pilot financial innovation,Chongqing region small loan amount has reached 157,Loans have accumulated more than 1400 one hundred million yuan,Non-performing assets ratio below 0.5%.

　　这期间也是阿里的丰收年。截至去年7月20日，阿里小微金融已经实现单日利息收入100万元——这意味着，如果这一势头持续一年，阿里小微金融的利息收入将达到惊人的3.65亿元——成为一家最赚钱的小贷公司。

This is ali's bumper year during.On July 20, as of last year,Ali small micro finance is implemented in a single day - which means that interest income 1 million yuan,If this trend continues for one year,Ali small micro financial interest income will reach 365 million yuan -- a small loan company's most profitable.

　　既然是“最赚钱的小贷公司”，马云为何会突然转型向担保公司？又为何唱出“三马卖保险”这一折子戏？

Since it is"The most profitable small loan companies",Jack ma, why the sudden transition to guarantee company?Why sing"Three-horse sell insurance"This adaptation?

　　今年全国两会期间，马化腾公开向媒体称，正在考虑申请相关金融业务牌照。据悉，目前腾讯已经拿到了支付牌照、小额信贷牌照，通过合作实现了基金销售业务。

This year the country during the two sessions,Ma said publicly to the media,Are considering apply for banking licences.It is understood,Tencent has now got the licence/Microfinance licence,Through co-operation fund sales business.

　　其实，马云在重庆首次成立小贷公司的同一年，马化腾也来到了重庆。

In fact,Jack ma for the first time in chongqing set up small loan company in the same year,Ma also came to chongqing.

　　当时，马化腾透露，重庆两江新区吸引到了来自全国乃至世界各大企业的目光，也包括腾讯。腾讯首个云计算中心已落户天津，其规模亚洲最大，而落户重庆两江新区的云计算中心，其规模将超过天津。

At that time,Ma said,Chongqing liangjiang new area attracted from all over the country and even the world each big enterprise's attention,Also include the tencent.Tencent's first cloud computing center has settled in tianjin,The size of Asia's largest,And in chongqing liangjiang new area of cloud computing center,The size will be more than tianjin.

　　同样巧合的是，在众安在线官博发布“此刻，众安在线落地生根”的前夕，马明哲的一份内部讲话传递了平安意图颠覆传统金融行业的思路，他称“平安未来最大的竞争对手不是其他传统金融企业，而是现代科技企业。”

Also coincidentally,In the online official Po release"At the moment,The Ann online takes root"On the eve of the,Mr Ma in an internal speech conveys peace goal of overthrowing traditional financial sector,He said"Peace in the future the biggest rival is not other traditional financial enterprises,But the modern science and technology enterprises."

　　一个月后，中国平安出炉了2012年年报。在年报里，马明哲在致辞章节里突出强调了互联网对他心理上的冲击，“马云与马化腾创造的两个数据（编者注：一个是阿里巴巴集团“双11”单天销售额达到191亿元；另一个是腾讯的微信用户数突破3亿）深深震撼了我”，“平安必须紧密跟上”。

After a month,China's ping an released 2012 annual report.In the annual report,Mr Ma in the remarks section highlighted the Internet psychological impact on him,"Ma ma and create two data(Editor's note:One is the alibaba group"Double 11"Single day sales of 19.1 billion yuan;Another is tencent micro credit number 300 million)Shocked me deeply","Peace must closely follow".

　　从“三马”在渝布局看，马明哲在渝已设平安银行(000001,股吧)分支机构，马云也已涉足小贷与担保两个领域，同时马化腾的云计算平台为在线网络提供服务。“三马”联手打造的保险公司，可以将各自已具备的资源有效“融会贯通”，其中平安银行或将为“三马”保险产品提供有效的销售渠道。

From the"three-horse"Layout in chongqing see,Mr Ma has set pingan bank in chongqing(000001,stocks)branch,Mr Ma has also been involved in small loans and guarantees two fields,At the same time, ma's cloud computing platform to provide online services."three-horse"Teamed up to build the insurance company,Can have their resources effectively"Achieve mastery through a comprehensive study",Which bank or will be safe and sound"three-horse"Insurance products provide effective sales channels.

　　“跨界”瓶颈

"crossover"The bottleneck

　　《支点》记者从阿里内部获得的最新数据亦表明，截至2012年底，阿里金融已经累计为超过20万家小微企业解决融资需求，户均贷款6.1万元。同时还称：借助网络优势，阿里金融单笔信贷成本降低为2.3元。而银行的单笔信贷操作成本在2000元左右。

[fulcrum]Reporters from the internal to obtain the latest data also show that ali,By the end of 2012,Ali has accumulated more than 20 m for small micro enterprise solve the financing needs,61000 worth 61000 yuan loans.At the same time also said:With the aid of network advantages,Ali financial single lower credit costs $2.3.But the bank's single credit operating costs around 2000 yuan.

　　一个现实是，目前全国各地小额贷款地域性非常强，小贷公司的审批和监督都是当地金融办处理，无法跨省市监督，因此小贷公司的发展就有了来自政策和监督方面的地域限制。

Is a reality,It is very strong country microfinance regional,Small loan company's approval and supervision are local financial processing,Can't across provinces and cities supervision,Therefore the development of small loan companies have regional restriction from policy and supervision aspects.

　　兴业银行(601166,股吧)首席经济学家鲁政委接受本刊记者采访时称，阿里小微金融的模式建立在其拥有阿里系庞大电商生态系统的基础之上，相当于拥有了详尽的征信系统数据库。但他也认为，阿里小微金融模式的局限在于无法延伸至阿里生态之外。如果仅限于此的话，将使改善整个小微企业信贷扶持的努力受到限制。

Societe generale(601166,stocks)Chief economist lu zhengwei accepted newspaper reporter in an interview,Ali small micro financial model based on its ali is a big electric business ecosystem,Equivalent to have a detailed credit reporting system database.But he also think that,Ali small micro ecological the limitations of financial models is to extend to ali.If limited to this,Will make efforts to improve the small micro enterprise credit support is limited.

　　实际上，马云之前的浙江阿里小贷就获得了政策的突破，它可在全省，甚至于到江苏、上海放贷，这种模式被业界视为“违规”，至少是借着“网络贷款”打了个“擦边球”。

In fact,Ma before zhejiang ali was small loan policy breakthrough,It can be in the province,Even to jiangsu/Shanghai lending,This model is considered"In violation of",At least by the"Network loans"Made a"chip".

　　“但马云能够在浙江获得政策突破，并不意味着在其他省市也能够如此。”鲁政委称，以广州为例，至今广州所有的小贷公司都不能升级至“全省经营”。

"But Mr Ma to get policy breakthrough in zhejiang,Does not mean that in other provinces and cities also can such."Lu zhengwei said,With guangzhou as the case,So far all the small loan company in guangzhou can't upgrade to"The provincial business".

　　去年底，阿里小贷要求“在广东全省经营”，当时曾震动了广东业界。同时，近日阿里小微金融宣称，阿里信贷将向广东区域内所有阿里巴巴的付费会员开放，但该信贷产品使用的仍是浙江、重庆的小贷公司牌照。

At the end of last year,Ali small loan requirement"Operate in guangdong province",At that time has rocked the industry in guangdong.At the same time,Ali small micro financial claims recently,Ali credit will be opened to the guangdong area all paying members of alibaba,But the credit products used is still in zhejiang province/Chongqing small loans company licence.

　　同样在重庆，阿里小微金融给当地传统金融业带来不少冲击。

Also in chongqing,Ali small micro finance to the local traditional financial industry to a lot of impact.

　　“虽然看起来一个是做线上业务，一个是做线下业务，两者互不冲突，但实际上现在电子商务是一种大趋势，阿里担保绝对会对我们这些担保公司产生冲击。”重庆一家民营担保公司的老总推测，“主要是那些做小额担保业务的公司受冲击会比较大，因为之前阿里小贷的平均单笔贷款额甚至在1万元以下。而那些主要面向大中型企业的担保公司受冲击的可能性比较小。”

"One is to do online business. Though it may seem,One is to do offline business,The conflict of each other,But, in fact, e-commerce is a big trend right now,Ali will definitely guarantee the guarantee company impact to us."A private security company in chongqing, the boss of speculation,"Mainly those doing small guarantee business of the company would be a big hit,Because ali before small average single loan lending even under 10000 yuan.Those mainly large and medium-sized enterprises are less likely to guarantee company hit."

　　然而，阿里内部人士认为，浙江与重庆两家小贷公司具有全国开展业务的资质，针对的是巨大地“有信用级别”的网商群体，户均贷款6.1万元，这完全不会对其他金融贷款公司造成冲击。

however,Insiders think ali,In zhejiang province and chongqing two small loan company has the business qualification in the country,Is aimed at large"Have a credit rating"Version of the group,61000 worth 61000 yuan loans,It will not impact to other financial loan company.