——访全国人大代表、中国银联总裁许罗德

- the visit to the National People's Congress/China unionpay President xu rod

　　我国消费金融市场起步于上世纪末，经过十多年的发展形成了一定规模，但发展水平仍远远滞后于扩大内需、转变经济增长方式的需要。“两会”期间，本报专访全国人大代表、中国银联总裁许罗德，他建议应借鉴国外消费金融成熟市场实践经验，加大对消费金融的政策支持力度，积极引导商业银行和相关机构，加快拓展消费金融业务，最终推动经济持续增长与转型。

China's consumer finance market started in the end of last century,After ten years of development has formed a certain scale,But the development level is still far lags behind the expansion of domestic demand/The needs of the transformation of the mode of economic growth."The two sessions"During the period,The newspaper interview with representative of the National People's Congress/China unionpay President xu rod,He suggested that we should use for reference the experience of foreign mature consumer finance market practice,Intensify policy support for consumer finance,Actively guide commercial Banks and related institutions,To speed up the expanding consumer finance business,Eventually to promote sustained economic growth and transformation.

　　加快消费金融发展具有重大意义 Financial development is of great significance to speed up the consumption

　　记者：十八大报告指出，要加快转变经济发展方式，建立扩大消费需求长效机制，您如何看待消费金融在其中的作用？

reporter:The eighteenth big report said,To speed up the transformation of the pattern of economic development,Establish long-term effective mechanism of expanding consumption demand,How do you think consumer finance role in it?

　　许罗德：加快转变经济发展方式，是关系我国发展全局的战略抉择。而经济结构战略性调整是加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向，要求我们加快建立扩大消费需求长效机制，释放居民消费潜力。

Xu rod:Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development,Is a strategic choice in the our country development of the country.And economic structure strategic adjustment is to accelerate the main attack direction in the transformation of the pattern of economic development,Requires us to accelerate establish long-term effective mechanism of expanding consumption demand,Release of residents' consumption potential.

　　消费金融针对居民消费需求提供的信贷产品和服务，能够有效释放居民消费需求，提高社会总消费水平，而产能过剩背景下消费水平的提高对经济增长具有显著正向效应。国内消费金融典型工具——银行卡的发展有效证明了这一点，根据中国银联测算，2012年我国银行卡的使用拉动全国居民消费增长1.15%，进而带动我国GDP增长了约0.44%。

Consumer finance credit for consumer demand to provide products and services,Can effectively release the residents' consumption demand,Raise the level of social total consumption,And under the background of excess production capacity to improve the level of consumption has a significant positive effect on economic growth.Typical domestic consumption financial tool, bank card the development of effective proves this point,According to the China unionpay is calculated,In 2012 the use of bank CARDS in China driven by the residents' consumption growth of 1.15%,Leading to China's GDP growth of about 0.44%.

　　记者：消费目前在我国经济结构中的地位如何？

reporter:The status of consumption at present in our country economic structure?

　　许罗德：首先，消费在我国经济结构中的地位仍然不够突出。2011年我国居民消费支出对GDP的贡献率仅为35.4%，与美、日等发达国家相差超过20个百分点。其次，我国社会消费品零售总额由2002年的4.8万亿元增加到2012年的21万亿元，经过11年的快速增长已进入相对稳定期。2012年社会消费品零售总额增速比2011年回落2.9个百分点，需要进一步提振。再者，在居民储蓄率连年攀升的同时，国人海外消费却持续火爆，2012年中国游客海外消费同比增长超过18％，比同期国内社会消费品零售总额增速高近4个百分点。我国居民消费需求亟需进一步释放，消费金融在扩大内需以及提高消费者生活水平、支持经济增长等方面的积极作用有待提升。

Xu rod:First of all,The status of consumption in our country economic structure is still not enough outstanding.In 2011 China's consumer spending accounted for only 35.4% of GDP,And beauty/Differ by more than 20% of the developed countries.The second,Total retail sales of social consumer goods in China increased from 4.8 trillion yuan in 2002 to $2012 by 21 trillion yuan,After 11 years of rapid growth has entered the relatively stable period.Total retail sales of social consumer goods in 2012 growth dropped 2.9% than in 2011,Need to further boost.moreover,At the same time of residents savings rate rising year after year,Americans overseas consumption continues to boom,In 2012 Chinese tourists overseas consumption rose more than 18%,Domestic social total retail sales of consumer goods over the same period growth of nearly 4%.Consumer demand in China needs to be further release,Consumer finance in expanding domestic demand and improve the level of consumer life/Support the positive role to promote economic growth, etc.

　　记者：您认为，国内消费金融的加速发展是否已具备相应条件？

reporter:What do you think,Domestic consumption if the acceleration of financial development has the corresponding conditions?

　　许罗德：国际经验表明，消费金融的快速发展是经济发展和政策推动的共同结果。2011年我国人均国民收入超过5500美元，已达到居民消费结构升级和消费金融加速发展阶段所需的4000-5000美元的国际经验水平。而历史上，当制造业和进出口发展遇到瓶颈时，多国政府都成功通过直接推动消费信贷业务或减税来快速发展消费金融，促使消费成为拉动经济增长的新动力(310328,基金吧)，这恰好符合我国当前面临的情况。

Xu rod:International experience shows that,The rapid development of the consumer finance is the common result of economic development and policies.National income per capita in China more than $2011 in 5500,Has reached the resident's consumption structure upgrade and consumer finance needed for the accelerated development stage of international experience level of $4000 to $5000.In the history,When manufacturing and import and export development encountered bottleneck,Governments have successfully passed directly to promote consumer credit business or consumer finance tax cuts to rapid development,Prompted consumption become the momentum of economic growth(310328,Fund it),This happens to conform to the current situation we are facing in our country.

　　同时，社会环境和技术的发展也为我国消费金融的发展提供了有利条件：城镇人口不断增加，信用卡市场持续高速发展，年轻消费群体逐渐成长，“量入为出”的传统消费观念正在改变，通过消费信贷适度提前消费的理念越来越被大众接受；随着互联网技术的发展和大数据时代的到来，用户信用信息来源和客户发展渠道更加多元化，通过对消费数据、社交数据、互联网数据等大数据的挖掘和在线营销，发展消费金融的方法和效率也显著提高。

At the same time,Social environment and the development of technology also provides favorable conditions for development of China's consumer finance:Urban population continue to increase,The rapid growth of credit card market,Young consumer groups gradually grow,"Live within your means"The traditional consumption concept is changing,Consumer credit through moderate consumption concept is more and more accepted by the public in advance;With the development of Internet technology and the advent of the era of big data,Customer credit information sources more diverse channels and customer development,Through the data on consumption/Social data/Internet data such as data mining and online marketing,Development of consumer financial method and the efficiency is also improved significantly.

　　多举措加快我国消费金融发展 Many measures to quicken China's consumer finance development

　　记者：《金融业发展和改革“十二五”规划》明确指出要扩大内需、促进消费、发展消费信贷。那么，发展消费金融的基础措施是什么呢？

reporter:[Financial sector reform and development"The 12th five-year"planning]Explicitly pointed out that to increase domestic demand/Promote consumption/Development of consumer credit.then,Development of consumer financial measures is the basis of what?

　　许罗德：发展消费金融的基础措施，包括加快个人征信体系、社会保障体系、消费文化等基础建设。

Xu rod:The basis of consumer finance development,Including to speed up the personal credit system/The social security system/Consumer culture and infrastructure.

　　一是继续完善社会信用体系，推动个人信用信息建设，在现有的政府征信体系之外，同时培育商业化的个人信用评估机构，逐步建立社会化全面征信机制，并将个人信用信息纳入其生产、交易活动的资质评估中，大大增加不良信用行为的成本。二是深化收入分配改革和社会保障体系建设，提高个人收入，缓解居民在住房、医疗和教育等方面的压力，稳定收入增长预期，从而增强消费意愿，为消费金融业务的开展创造良好的外部环境。三是加强信用文化建设，培养消费者养成良好的信用习惯，防范信用违约的道德风险，引导其积极建立适度、合理的信用消费理念。

We will continue to improve the social credit system,Promote the construction of personal credit information,Outside the existing government credit system,At the same time foster commercialization of personal credit evaluation institutions,Gradually establish a socialized comprehensive credit reporting mechanism,Taking into account the individual credit information production/Assessment of qualifications of trading activity,Greatly increase the cost of bad credit behavior.Second, deepening the reform of income distribution and social security system construction,Improve the personal income,Residents in the housing/Health care and education aspects of pressure,Stable income growth expectations,So as to enhance the willingness to spend,For the consumer finance business to create a good external environment.Three is to strengthen the construction of credit culture,Cultivate consumers develop good credit habits,Prevent moral hazard of the credit default,Their active establishment of moderation/Reasonable credit consumption concept.

　　记者：早在2009年陆家嘴金融论坛您就提出要构建和完善我们国家消费信贷的服务体系，提升消费信贷的供给能力。提供消费信贷的主体除了是商业银行，应该还有非银行金融机构，如消费金融公司、信用卡公司等形态。在消费金融基础相对完备后，应该怎样支持市场参与主体多元化？

reporter:As early as 2009 lujiazui financial BBS you can put forward to build and perfect the service system of our country consumer credit,Promote consumption credit supply capacity.To provide consumer credit in addition to the main body of commercial bank,Should have a non-bank financial institution,Such as consumer finance companies/Credit card companies, etc.After the consumer financial infrastructure is relatively complete,How should support the diversification of market participation?

　　许罗德：我认为，降低准入门槛才能支持市场参与主体多元化，市场参与主体多元化是发展消费金融的一个重要措施。

Xu rod:I think,Lower barriers to entry to support the diversification of market participation,Diversification of market participation is an important to the development of consumer financial measures.

　　与国外相比，我国消费金融公司的设立门槛较高，2009年《消费金融公司试点管理办法》出台以来，国内仅有4家专业性消费金融公司试点开展相关业务，总体规模占比不足5％，远低于国外1/3的通常水平。

Compared with foreign,Consumer finance companies in China set up a high threshold,In 2009,[Consumer finance company pilot management measures]Came into effect,Domestic only has four professional pilot consumer finance company to carry out the related business,The overall size of less than 5%,Is far less than a third of the usual abroad.

　　在监管手段可行、安全风险可控的基础上，建议监管机构适当降低如设立消费金融公司的注册资本、出资人总资产等市场准入门槛，更多引入民间资本，支持不同类型的市场竞争机构，以满足不同消费者的信贷需求。

In the regulatory approach is feasible/On the basis of security risk control,Suggested regulators reduced such as set up the consumer finance company's registered capital/Investors to total assets, market access threshold,More introduction of private capital,Support for different types of market competition mechanism,In order to meet different consumer demand for credit.

　　记者：消费金融属于中国的金融创新业务，您认为在监管政策上应如何区别于传统金融业务？

reporter:Consumer finance belongs to Chinese financial innovation of the business,How do you think should be on regulatory policy different from traditional financial business?

　　许罗德：关键是要完善针对消费金融的差别化监管政策。以目前最典型的消费金融工具信用卡为例，当前对其监管偏严，如在资本充足率的计算中，信用卡未使用授信额度主要执行高达50％的表外资产信用转换系数，一定程度上制约了信用卡业务的发展。

Xu rod:The key is to improve differentiation for consumer financial regulatory policies.At present the most typical consumer finance tool to a credit card, for example,The current on the partial heavily regulated,Such as in the calculation of capital adequacy ratio,Credit card is not used credit mainly performed as much as 50% of off-balance-sheet assets credit conversion coefficient,To some extent, restricted the development of credit card business.

　　建议银行业监管机构适当放宽对消费金融创新业务的限制：一是降低对信用卡未使用授信额度耗用资本的监管要求；二是放开对信用卡小额贷款功能的限制，使之同时具备循环贷款和小额贷款的功能；三是逐步开展消费信贷资产的证券化试点；四是借鉴其他国家经验对信用卡项下的消费税收进行优惠。

Suggested that banking regulators relaxed restrictions on consumer finance business innovation:One is to reduce the credit card is not used credit consumption capital regulatory requirements;2 it is to let go of the limitation on the credit card function of microfinance,Make it a revolving loan and microfinance function at the same time;3 it is to gradually develop consumer credit asset securitization pilot;Fourth, using the experience of other countries for under the credit card consumption tax breaks.

　　我在“两会”期间提出了关于制定《非金融机构支付服务管理条例》，规范非金融支付服务市场发展的建议，为非金融支付服务市场和支付产业发展提供坚实的法律保障。

I was in"The two sessions"During the on setting are put forward[Non-financial payment services management regulations],Standardize the non-financial payment services market development Suggestions,For non-financial payment services market and industry development provide a solid legal protection.

　　记者：您认为应如何引导参与各方加大消费金融发展与创新力度？

reporter:What do you think should be how to guide to intensify consumer financial development and innovation?

　　许罗德：我认为重点在于引导商业银行。未来相当长一段时期内，商业银行仍是发展消费金融的主要力量。国内商业银行等近年推出的消费金融产品在创新和差异化方面还有提升空间。建议监管层逐步给予商业银行等在消费金融的可消费限额、消费信贷利率水平以及资金使用方式等方面更大的自主性，提高商业银行等发展消费金融的意愿和能力，完善国内消费金融的产品种类和功能。

Xu rod:I think the key is to guide commercial Banks.A long period of time in the future,Commercial bank is still the main power in the development of consumer financial.Domestic commercial Banks in recent years, such as consumer financial products still have room to improve in terms of innovation and differentiation.Suggest that regulators etc in consumer finance can give commercial Banks gradually consumption quota/Consumer lending interest rates and greater autonomy funds usage, etc,Improve the commercial Banks and other consumption willingness and ability of financial development,Perfecting the domestic consumer financial products and functions.

　　商业银行一方面将发展信用卡业务积累的消费者风险评估模型，与最新的大数据技术结合，通过对银行卡消费、社交网络以及电子商务等数据的挖掘，提高风险管理水平。

Commercial Banks on the one hand, accumulation of consumers will of developing credit card business risk assessment model,Combined with the latest big data technology,Through the bank card consumption/Social networking and e-commerce data mining,Raise the level of risk management.

　　同时，利用互联网营销手段降低消费金融的客户发展、维护成本。在产品上，建立以消费者为对象的消费金融产品体系，从住房、汽车消费转向日常消费，以消费者为核心在不同阶段提供不同的消费金融产品，从教育贷款、住房装修贷款、婚庆贷款、旅游贷款到医疗贷款。

At the same time,Use the Internet marketing reduce customer development of consumer finance/Maintenance costs.On the product,To establish system of consumer finance products targeted at consumers,From the housing/Automobile consumption to daily consumption,With consumers as the core at different stages to provide different consumer financial products,From education loans/Housing decoration loan/Wedding loans/Travel loan to health.

　　记者：在大力发展消费金融创新业务的同时，如何加强对其风险监控和市场引导？

reporter:At the same time of developing consumer finance business innovation,How to strengthen the monitoring of the risk and the market guide?

　　许罗德：加强对其风险监控和市场引导，需要通过及早建设完善的风险防控体系增强政府和商业机构发展消费金融的信心，在监管方式上实现从简单的门槛准入监管向科学动态监控转变。

Xu rod:To strengthen the risk monitoring and market guidance,Through early construction of perfect risk prevention and control system to enhance the government and the confidence of the consumer finance business development,On the threshold of the regulation on the way, from simple access regulation to scientific dynamic monitoring.

　　风险监控方面，应建立风险监测、预警和处理机制，及时向消费信贷市场参与者发出预警和提示风险，并强化参与机构内部风险管理和行业自律机制。市场引导方面，应注意消费信贷产品的营销方式，避免鼓励过度消费的不当营销行为和低价竞争的恶性竞争行为，防止居民消费观念引导过度而引发消费金融危机。

Risk monitoring aspects,Shall establish a risk monitoring/Warning and processing mechanism,In a timely manner to the consumer credit market participants risk warning and reminder,Internal risk management and strengthen the participating organisations and industry self-discipline mechanism.Market guide,Should pay attention to consumer credit products marketing,Avoid improper marketing encourage excessive consumption behavior and the malign competition of low price competition behavior,Prevent residents consumption idea guide the excessive consumption caused the financial crisis.