虽然被认为是论文造假者可能遭遇的最严厉的惩罚制度，但教育部在7月16日公布的《关于对学位论文作假行为的暂行处理办法（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《办法》）仍被一些知名打假人士和教育问题观察者认为存在问题，比如条款太抽象，规定太笼统，一些惩处措施缺乏可操作性等。

Although thought is likely to experience the paper to concoct the most severe punishment system，But the ministry of education in July 16 announce《Degree thesis about fraud to the interim treatment measures（Draft version of the）》（Hereinafter referred to as《way》）Still be some famous people and striking the education problem observers think problems，Terms such as too abstract，Provisions too general，Some measures to punish the lack of maneuverability, etc。

　　《办法》未对抄袭、剽窃的概念作出界定 《way》Not to copy、The concept of plagiarism made to define

　　知名学术打假人方舟子告诉中国青年报记者，《办法》不仅未对抄袭或剽窃的概念作出界定，而且也没有分清抄袭（或剽窃）的多种不同情况，例如是观点剽窃、数据抄袭还是文字抄袭，是整体抄袭、大部分抄袭、小部分抄袭还是个别地方抄袭，不同的情节应予不同程度的处理，但这些都没有具体规定。“这个处理办法还只是很虚的原则性条条，不具有可操作性。”

Famous people fighting academic fang told the China youth daily reporter，《way》Not only not to copy or made to define the concept of plagiarism，And there is no distinguish plagiarism（Or plagiarism）A variety of different conditions，For example is the idea of plagiarism、Data copying or text copy，Is copying whole、Most of the copy、Small copy or individual place of plagiarism，Different circumstances should be different degree of processing，But these are not specified。“The treatment method is only very fatigued principle of discipline，Don't be operable。”

　　21世纪教育研究院副院长熊丙奇也认为，我们国家没有学术共同体，评价标准也不一，对抄袭和剽窃的定义各行其是。过去的学术不端或学术腐败问题难处理，就是因为相关规定原则性过强，可操作性差，即使社会上共同认定的抄袭、剽窃行为，当事人也总会作出“过度引用”等诡辩逃避责任，从而导致对学术失范的“零容忍”变成了“零作为”。“要让这个《办法》有可操作性，必须要出台实施细则，将一些概念作出界定，不能留下太大的自由裁量空间”。

21 century education institute, vice President of the XiongBingJi also think，Our country no academic community，Evaluation standard also differ，For the definition of copying and plagiarism split asunder。The past misconduct or academic corruption problems difficult to deal with，It is because of principle with related regulations，So poor，Even if the society that the copy of the common、plagiarism，The parties and there will always be made“Excessive quoted”Sophisticated and avoid responsibility，Thus lead to academic dishonesty“Zero tolerance”into“Zero as”。“To make the《way》Has operational，Must be implemented conditions，Will some made to define the concept，Can't leave too much discretion space”。

　　复旦大学图书馆馆长、教育部社会科学委员会学风建设委员会副主任葛剑雄也认为，这个暂行处理办法没有对一些概念比如抄袭、剽窃等作出界定，肯定会在实际案例中引发争议。“应由主管部门（如教育部学位办、各省市教委）根据实际情况制定细则。”

Fudan university library director、The ministry of education social science committee style construction, deputy director of the GeJianXiong also think，The interim measures to deal with some concepts such as no copying、Plagiarism is made to define, etc，In the actual cases must be controversial。“The competent department（Such as the ministry of education XueWeiBan、Provinces and cities education commission）According to the actual conditions to develop detailed rules。”

　　学生论文有问题该不该问责指导教师 Student papers have problems and should shouldn't accountability teachers

　　《办法》中的一些具体条款也引发了争议。如第八条规定，“指导教师未尽到学术道德和学术规范教育、论文指导和审查把关等职责，其负责指导的学生学位论文存在购买、他人代写或者抄袭、剽窃等作假情形的，学位授予单位视情节轻重，可暂停其招生、取消指导教师资格，并可给予处分直至解除聘任合同等处理”。

《way》Some of the specific terms also sparked controversy。Such as provided by article 8，“Teachers did not fulfill the academic morality and education academic norms、Thesis guidance and review checks and so on duty，Responsible for the guidance of the students there degree thesis purchase、Others write or copying、Plagiarism, the circumstances of the false，Degree awarding the seriousness of the unit，Can suspend the recruit students、Cancel guidance qualifications for teachers，And can be given sanctions until terminate the employment contract processing”。

　　有声音认为，学生出的问题不该由教师承担。 A voice that，The problem of the students should be by teachers bear。

　　方舟子认为，这一条里用了“可”，说得不明确。从理论上说，学生的论文出了问题，指导教师至少负有监督、审查不严的责任，对教师给予一定的处罚并非不公。“特别是现在学生当中之所以会出现大面积抄袭的情形，与指导教师不负责任、学校大量扩招有关，如果规定教师也要受处罚，让教师更负责任，有助于遏制抄袭的泛滥。”

Fang think，It was used in a“can”，Isn't clear。In theory，Students' papers out of the question，Teachers at least have supervision、Examine lax responsibility，For teachers to give certain of punishment is true。“Especially now students is a massive copy of the case，And the guiding teacher irresponsible、School enrolment expansion of relevant，If the provisions teacher also to be punished，Let teachers more responsible，Help contain the spread of plagiarism。”

　　葛剑雄也认为，学生论文中出现此类问题，即使教师完全没有直接责任，至少也说明他不适宜指导学生，所以暂停招生是合适的，并非不公平。

GeJianXiong also think，Student papers appear in such problem，Even if teachers no direct responsibility，At least that he isn't fit for guiding students，So stop recruit students is appropriate，Is not unfair。

　　重新审查问题论文应限定时间节点 To review questions paper should be limited time node

　　《办法》中第九条规定，“对已经通过答辩的学位论文，发现存在购买、他人代写或者抄袭、剽窃等作假情形的，该论文评阅人应当重新评阅，学位论文答辩委员会应当重新审查，并分别写出评阅意见和审查报告，送交学位授予单位的学位评定委员会重新审议”。

《way》Article 9 in the regulations，“To have already through the reply of degree thesis，Found buy、Others write or copying、Plagiarism, the circumstances of the false，This paper Outlines the people should be reviewing，A dissertation committee shall review，And write Outlines the opinion and respectively review report，To degree-awarding units of the academic degree evaluation committee to reconsider”。

　　有声音认为，重新审查等没有时间节点的规定，本来该有的调查有可能拖一拖就拖黄了。

A voice that，To review and have no time to the provisions of the node，Was this some investigation may have a tow to drag along the yellow。

　　这种状况确曾出现过。比如，中国青年报曾揭露广州体育学院原院长许永刚博士论文存在严重抄袭问题，当事人许永刚已于2011年3月受到撤销党内职务、行政撤职处分，调离广州体育学院。

This situation has seen it。For example，China youth daily has revealed the former director of guangzhou institute of physical education XuYongGang Ph.D. Thesis has serious problems plagiarism，The parties XuYongGang already in March 2011 by cancel within the party position、Administrative removed disciplinary action，Transferred from guangzhou sports institute。

　　然而，今年4月，记者向许永刚的博士学位授予单位苏州大学求证后发现，许永刚的博士学位仍未被撤销，有关负责人的答复是“此事正在按有关规定处理”。

however，In April this year，A reporter from the XuYongGang units granting doctorates in suzhou university found after verification，XuYongGang the doctoral degree, still not be revoked，The head of the answer is“It is according to relevant regulations”。

　　记者发现，苏州大学2009年公布的《苏州大学硕士、博士学位授予工作细则》虽规定：“对于已经授予的学位，如确认学位错授或发现有舞弊作伪等违反学位规定者，院(部、所、中心、室)学位评定分委员会和校学位评定委员会应予复议，经半数以上成员通过，校学位评定委员会可作出撤销已授学位等有关决议。”但该细则也没有作出时限上的规定。

Reporter discovery，Suzhou university published in 2009《Suzhou university master、Doctor's degree awarded work conditions》Though provisions：“Have been granted to the degree，If confirmed degree granted or found fault rigged such as perjury in violation of regulations degree，court(department、have、center、room)The academic degree evaluation committee and school degree assess points committee shall be reconsideration，More than half of the members through the，The academic degree evaluation committee can make revocation degree awarding and other relevant resolution has。”But the rules and made no time limit on regulation。

　　方舟子认为，认定抄袭通常并不难，所以完全可以限定时间，例如在接到举报的半年内作出决定。

Fang think，It is not difficult to copy that usually，So it can be limited time，For example in receives reports of half a year make the decision。

　　葛剑雄也表现，如果没有一个时限，很多事就会在拖延中不了了之。“外界质疑那位‘最年轻市长’硕士论文抄袭已有多年，清华一直说在调查，但不知何时会有结论。”

GeJianXiong also performance，If not a time limit，A lot of things in the delay dropped。“Outside questioned the‘The young mayor’Master thesis copy for many years，Tsinghua has been said in the survey，But I do not know when will have a conclusion。”

　　问责学位授予单位的规定如无细则必定形同具文 Accountability degree-conferring units if no rules of the provisions of the JuWen must be reached

　　《办法》第十一条规定，“学位授予单位制度不健全、管理混乱，其学位申请者的学位论文出现多起或者连续出现购买、他人代写或者抄袭、剽窃等作假情形的，由国务院或者省级学位委员会停止或者撤销其授予学位的资格；由国务院或者省级教育行政部门核减其招生名额；并由有关主管部门按照国家有关规定对负有直接管理责任的学位授予单位负责人进行问责”。

《way》The provisions of article 11，“Degree-conferring units system is not sound、Management confusion，The degree of the applicant appear more than a degree thesis is present continuously or buy、Others write or copying、Plagiarism, the circumstances of the false，The state council or the provincial degree committee or revoke the stop award degrees qualification；The state council or the provincial education administrative department and subtract the student enrollment；And by the competent department concerned in accordance with the relevant state regulations persons held directly responsible for the management of the degree-conferring units for accountability”。

　　葛剑雄和方舟子都认为，这些条款没有作出数据上的限定，有可能导致流于形式。

GeJianXiong and fang all think，These terms have not made of limited data，Can lead to form now。

　　葛剑雄说：“这一条如不制定细则，并切实实施，必定会形同具文。”

GeJianXiong said：“This one if not formulate rules，And practical implementation，Will was JuWen。”

　　熊丙奇则担忧：“对于这一条，鉴于学术不端处理会给学校带来严重后果，甚至被取消学位授予权，影响到来年的招生，对于学术不端，学校会严肃处理吗？还是会百般遮掩？”

XiongBingJi is concerns about：“For this a，In view of misconduct processing will give the school have serious consequences，Even be cancelled the degree of architecture，Influence of recruit students year，For misconduct，The school will deal seriously with？Or will cover divers？”

　　

“专门机构”到底指什么机构 “Specialized agencies”Really mean what institution

　　《办法》中第十二条规定，“对本单位出现学位论文买卖、代写、抄袭、剽窃等作假情形的，学位授予单位应当指定或者委托专门机构进行调查认定，并由其学位评定委员会做出是否取消学位申请资格或者撤销学位的决定。”

《way》The provisions of article 12 in，“In this unit dissertation business、write、copying、Plagiarism, the circumstances of the false，Degree awarding units shall specify or commissioned by the specialized agencies that investigation，And the academic degree evaluation committee whether to cancel the degree application qualification or revoke degree decision。”

　　对于“专门机构”的提法，葛剑雄觉得很奇怪。他说，目前我国大学里，除了各校自己组织的学术规范委员会或学术、学位委员会外，根本没有什么“专门机构”，除非涉嫌违法，才能由法院受理。对涉及校领导或上级领导的论文，校内一般处理不了，有了结论也难服众。“如不落实，此条规定也毫无实际意义。”

for“Specialized agencies”formulation，GeJianXiong feel very strange。He said，At present our country in the university，In addition to the schools of their own organization academic standard committee or academic、Academic degrees committee of the，Don't have any“Specialized agencies”，Unless suspected illegal，To the court。Involved in the school leader or superior leadership of paper，The general processing，A conclusion to the service。“If not implement，This law is meaningless。”

　　熊丙奇说，他也不知道这里所言的“专门机构”到底指什么机构，他表示，目前，我国高校对于内部的学术不端，尤其当事人是院士和校长时，学校往往采取不知情、不调查、不处理的“三不”态度，还美其名曰维护学校的声誉。“对于这些人的调查，确实应当启用中立的第三方机构。”

XiongBingJi said，He also don't know here said“Specialized agencies”Really mean what institution，He said，At present，In universities in China for internal misconduct，Especially if the parties is academician and headmaster，The school often take not informed、No investigation、Don't deal with“three”attitude，Also the United States it yue maintain the reputation of the school。“For these people investigation，Really should enable neutral third party agencies。”

　　方舟子认为，对涉及普通学生的学位论文，如果都要由第三方机构来认定，会很麻烦，由校级机构来认定即可。但他也赞成“对涉及系、校领导的事件，应该由第三方机构来认定”。

Fang think，For those involved in the ordinary student's degree thesis，If by the third party agencies to decide，Will be very trouble，By the agency to that can。But he also favors“For those involved in the department、School leaders events，By the third party agencies should decide”。

　　有时候仅仅撤销学位对造假者并无负面影响 Sometimes just cancel the fabricators degree and no negative effects

　　葛剑雄还对《办法》中第六条的规定有建议，该条规定，“学位申请者的学位论文出现购买、他人代写、或者抄袭、剽窃等作假情形的，取消其学位申请资格；已经获得学位的，依法撤销其学位。取消学位申请资格或者撤销学位的，从处理决定之日起3年内，各学位授予单位不得再接受其学位申请。”

GeJianXiong also to《way》The provisions of article 6 of have Suggestions，Sets by，“Degree of the applicant appear degree thesis purchase、Others write、Or copying、Plagiarism, the circumstances of the false，Cancel the degree application qualification；Have a degree，Revoked its degree。Cancel degree application qualification or revoke the degree，From the day of the decision within three years，Each degree-conferring unit shall not accept the application for degree。”

　　问题在于，虽然规定已获得学位者可撤销学位，但撤销后往往对凭借学位获得工作及其他利益的造假者很难有什么负面影响，对此，葛剑雄建议，应由国务院相关部门、中纪委、中组部等制定办法，出台处理意见。“如没有相应的制度，学校取消其学位，当事人可能毫发无损，甚至可以继续使用。我认为，对于这些造假者，至少应规定在中央或省市媒体公布出来。”

Problem is，Although stipulate the degree has obtained revocation degree，But after the cancellation of with degree get work often and other benefits forgers so it is difficult to have any impact，this，GeJianXiong Suggestions，By the relevant departments should be、Commission for discipline inspection、To make the CCCCP, etc，Issued processing opinion。“Without a corresponding system，The school cancel its degree，The parties may be injured，Even can continue to use。I think，For these fraudsters，At least in the central or provinces and cities shall provide media published。”

　　葛剑雄还表示，条款中对处理意见产生争议如何处理并无规定，“包括被处理对象和举报人，如果不服，该向谁要求复议，由谁裁定，几轮终结，这些都没有明确规定，目前也没有一个机构来受理这类问题，这很容易导致为一个案例产生无休无止的争议，所以在这方面应该明确”。

GeJianXiong also said，In terms of processing opinion how to deal with and without controversy set，“Including is processing object and prosecutor，If not，To whom should demand reconsideration，Who ruled by，Several rounds of end，These are not explicitly，There are no an agency to accept this kind of problem，It's very easy to cause for a case produce the endless dispute，So in this aspect should be clear”。

　　“如果没有实施细则，我认为这个《办法》对于遏制论文作假不会起到什么大的作用，重拳可能会打到棉花上。”熊丙奇这样跟记者表示。（叶铁桥）

“If no enforcement regulations，I think this《way》To curb a false papers won't have a bigger role，The punch will play to cotton。”XiongBingJi this with reporters。（YeTieQiao）

　　（如教育部学位办 各省市教委）

（Such as the ministry of education XueWeiBan provinces and cities education commission）