“记得本科毕业那年，排队去学校就业中心给三方协议盖章，排在我前面的那些经济类专业、理工类专业的学生都签了不错的单位，有去银行的，有去国企的，只有我们签的是人才市场。”现在就读于某文科类院校的研究生张昊天告诉记者，两年前，他从某地方高校文科专业毕业后，一直没有找到工作。据他所言，“班里能有份正经工作的，是少数，大部分被迫去考研，或者出国，要么就是‘家里蹲’。”

“Remember that year of undergraduate course graduation，Line up to go to the school to obtain employment center tripartite agreement seal，The row in front of I of those of professional economic、Polytechnic students majoring in signed good unit，The bank has to，The state-owned enterprises have to，Only we signed is talent market。”Now study in a some of the graduate student of colleges and universities of liberal arts ZhangHaoTian told reporters，Two years ago，He is a local university from liberal arts specialized graduation，Never find a job。According to what he had said，“In the class has a real job can，Is one of the few，Most were forced to go to one's deceased father grind，Or go abroad，Or is‘Home squat’。”

　　根据中国社科文献出版社出版的《2012年中国大学生就业报告》，2011届本科毕业生半年后就业率最高的专业是工学，最低的是法学，文科类专业普遍在就业率中垫后；本科生毕业半年后月收入最高的是工学，为3297元，最低的是教育学，为2621元。据记者调查，除就业困难、收入较低外，文科类本科毕业生即便考研和出国，也通常是陷入出路之困。

According to the Chinese social sciences documents publishing house《In 2012 China's college students employment report》，2011 university graduate employment after half an year is the highest professional technology，The lowest is law，Of liberal arts in the employment rate of professional common pads；Undergraduate graduation after half a year on the highest income is technology，For $3297，Is the lowest education，For $2621。According to a survey，In addition to obtain employment difficult、Low income outside，The majority of undergraduate course graduate even if one's deceased father grind and go abroad，Also is usually the trapped in a way out。

　　考研的两难 One's deceased father grind the dilemma of

　　“我找工作的时候，发现只要是招文科类的岗位，基本上对学历要求较高，一般都要求研究生，而且应聘人数还非常多。但理工类、经济类的岗位，门槛大多只要本科学历。”张昊天说，“这样的现状，逼着我们不得不考研。”

“I was looking for a job，Found that as long as it is called the position of liberal arts，For higher education requirement basically，Generally ask graduate students，And apply for toll very much。But science &engineering、Economic class post，Most as long as bachelor degree threshold。”Hao said，“Such a situation，Force we have to one's deceased father grind。”

　　“体制内单位招考，越是文科类的岗位，越对是否为党员、是否是研究生有硬性要求，而这些门槛对我们这些文科专业本科生来说，难以符合条件。”一名市属高校文科专业本科毕业生告诉记者，他在之前的公务员考试“大战”中落败，“其实我的考分并不低，但是，我考的那个岗位，因为是招文科类专业的，报名人太多了……”

“Admit by examination unit in the system，The more liberal arts class post，More on whether to be a member、If a graduate student to have rigid requirements，And these threshold for those of us for liberal arts majors，Difficult to accord with a condition。”A Beijing college liberal arts graduates told reporters，He in the civil service exam before“war”Lost in，“I actually is not low test scores，but，I take an examination of the post，Because the court of liberal arts professional，Too many people sign up……”

　　不少文科类本科毕业生选择用读研来为自己将来的就业加分，但事实上，文科生考研相对理科生困难许多，因为如果想跨专业考研，读就业好的专业，需要参加数学统考。而文科生在大学四年，数学最多只上过基础课。“就学了导数之类的高三理科课程。”张昊天说，“除了自学数学，还要另外自学理工类专业课，跨专业考研成了‘不可能完成’的事情。”

Many of liberal arts college graduates who choose to use to go to graduate school for their future employment points，But in fact，The school of arts living one's deceased father grind living relative difficulty many，Because if you want to cross major to one's deceased father grind，Read professional obtain employment is good，Need to participate in the math test。And the school of arts living in the university for four years，Mathematics on basic course only at most。“The derivative of high school and science courses。”Hao said，“In addition to self-study mathematics，Will other courses of study institute of technology，Cross major to one's deceased father grind became‘The impossible,’things。”

　　“考外专业是考试难，考本专业是就业难，可是不考就找不到工作，你说让我怎么办？”第一年跨专业考研失败后，张昊天把人事关系放在了人才中心，自己找了家保险公司当业务员，“是个初中生都能干的活儿。”第二年，他为了确保能考上，选择考本专业研究生。在他看来，“文科生读研就是把就业危机向后推迟两年，两年之后，一样面临就业困难和不可避免的低薪。想想也能理解，我们能干的活儿，是个人都能干，没有一技之长。”总结了一些学长的经验后，张昊天对自己的择业之路并不乐观，“大不了，我还是去卖保险，但想一想，自己读这个研究生也是白读。”

“The exam is difficult to professional exam，Take an examination of this major is difficult employment，But does not take an examination to can not find a job，You asked me how to do？”The first year cross major one's deceased father grind after failure，ZhangHaoTian put human relations on the talent center，Find their own home insurance company when the salesman，“Is a junior high school students can work。”The second year，In order to make sure that he can pass，Choose exam this major graduate students。In his view，“The school of arts living to go to graduate school is to obtain employment crisis backward delayed two years，Two years after，The same face difficulties and inevitable employment of the low salary。Think about also can understand，We can do work，A man can do，No good at something。”Summarizes some experience of the students，ZhangHaoTian of their employment road is not optimistic，“deal，I'm still going to sell insurance，But think about it，The graduate student is read by white read。”

　　“我们这些‘文科男’聚在一起时常开玩笑说，现在大学里流传着新‘三不孝’：学文读研没女友，我们‘文科男’三个全占。”张昊天解释说，“‘学文’‘读研’就不用说了，女孩子们都知道，‘文科男’以后收入较低，没人愿意和我们好。”

“We these‘Arts male’Get together often joked，Now university new there‘Three unfilial’：Go to graduate school didn't realized the girlfriend，we‘Arts male’All three of。”ZhangHaoTian explained，“‘Realized the’‘To go to graduate school’naturally，The girls all know，‘Arts male’Later income is low，No one would like to and we are good。”

　　留与回的纠结 Leave and back to intertwine

　　为了改变现状，部分文科毕业生选择了出国，但出国后却发现，依旧难以改变出路困境。

In order to change the status quo，Part of the liberal arts graduates chose to go abroad，But go abroad to find，Still difficult to change the way out trouble。

　　本科学教育学的李欣申请出国时发现，有的院校不接纳留学生转专业，如果想转专业，需要重读两年的“第二本科”，有的院校以“本科阶段缺少数学成绩”为由不愿意录取文科生，即便一些接纳留学生较多的移民国家，在就业和移民政策上，也多向理工科毕业生倾斜。

Undergraduate course learn the pedagogical li xin when going abroad for discovery，Some colleges don't accept students turn professional，If want to turn professional，Need to re-read the two years“The second degree”，Some colleges and universities to“Undergraduate phase lack of math scores”By not willing to admit liberal arts，Even if some accept students more immigration country，In employment and immigration policy，Also learn a lot from science and engineering graduates tilt。

　　“对于那些学采矿、森林专业的理工科学生，毕业后在当地很好找工作，学计算机的也可以，而且很快就能留下。但是文科类岗位在当地都饱和了，而且文科是用语言工作，你的语言怎么可能竞争得过母语是英语的当地人呢？”她说，“文科生即使在海外能转专业，也很难转到理工类，因为你没有数理化的基础，在本科期间也没有这类的成绩和实践证明。”

“For those who learn mining、Forest professional students of science and engineering，After graduation in local is easy to find work，Learn the computer can also，And soon to stay。But the majority of jobs in local are saturated，And liberal arts is to use language work，How could your language competition too native English local people？”She said，“The school of arts living even in overseas can turn professional，And it is hard to turn to of science and engineering，Because you have not science foundation，During undergraduate course in also does not have this kind of result and the practice has proved。”

　　虽然难以找到工作，但李欣暂时没有回来的想法，打算继续“耗下去”。“因为即便回来，教育学也很难找到工作，国内有那么多师范类的毕业生呢。”

While hard to find a job，But the idea of no return for li xin，Is going to continue to“Consumption down”。“Because even if back，The pedagogy is hard to find work，There are so many domestic graduates of normal class。”

　　相对于李欣的“耗下去”，从某西欧国家回国的周月，状况也不太好。他本科毕业于一所普通院校的法学专业，出国读研两年后因找不到工作回国。

Relative to the li xin“Consumption down”，In a western European countries the weeks back on，State also not too good。He graduated from a normal colleges in the major of law，Go abroad to go to graduate school two years because of can not find work to return home。

　　周月的家位于北京北四环附近，卧室书柜上放着几本读研时从学校书摊上“淘”来的原装书，这也是他留学之旅烙下的仅有痕迹。“这些书是国内没有的，为了带回来，怕行李超重，我还扔掉了不少东西。”但这些书都是社会学的，与法学并不关联。原来，周月原本喜欢社会学，但留学中介告诉他，学社会学难有对口工作，不如继续读法学实用。“如果当初学了社会学，也许就真的什么工作都找不到了，法学毕竟还算实用点。”他有些庆幸自己的选择。

Week of the month home is located in Beijing near the north，The bedroom is put on the bookcase with several in graduate school from the school on the bookstall“tao”Original book to，This was his trip to study the branded only trace。“These books are no domestic，In order to bring back，Afraid of excess baggage，I have to throw out a few things。”But the books are all of sociology，And the law are not linked。The original，Weeks month originally like sociology，But study abroad intermediary told him，It is hard to work with sociology student，As continue to read law practical。“If we had learned sociology，Maybe they really can't find any work，Law after all is practical points。”He some lucky I choice。

　　之所以出国，是因周月在本科毕业时，发现法学专业就业太困难了，“不知为什么，学金融、经济的本科生很容易就进银行了，学理工科也很容易进企业，但对于学法律的，单位招聘时大多都要研究生。”而选择去西欧的原因只有一个：费用比去北美便宜。周月的父母都已经退休，收入不高。老两口决定拿退休前攒下的积蓄供儿子出去“搏一把”，没想到最终依旧于事无补。

Are going abroad，For weeks month in undergraduate course graduation，Find legal professional obtain employment is too difficult，“Don't know why，Learn financial、Economic undergraduate easily into the bank，Learn science and engineering is easy to into the enterprise，But to study law，For most when unit to graduate students。”And choose to Western Europe is only one reason：Expense ratio to North America cheap。Week of the month parents have retired，Income is not high。The old couple decided to take before retirement savings had for son to go out“Fought a”，Didn't expect eventually still won't help matters。

　　学成回国后，周月发现很多法学专业的对口单位，由于一些客观原因，对持有海外文凭的应聘者有所限制，使得他在择业时碰壁连连。更令他沮丧的是，英美法系与大陆法系存在诸多差异，很多在海外所学的法学知识，回国后用处有限。

After returning to China，Weeks month found that many of the right legal science specialized units，Because some objective reasons，To hold the applicant of overseas diploma is limited，That his when choosing profession frustrating repeatedly。More to his dismay，Common law and civil law, there are many differences，Many of the knowledge learned in overseas law，After returning home use limited。

　　如今，周月不得不重新捡起大学本科时的课本，准备下一轮的司法考试，但是却对能否通过考试没有信心。“毕竟当年很多东西都忘了。等过了司法考试，再看看有没有别的机会吧。原本我还盘算着能不能进体制内单位或者大公司的法律部，现在想，只要有份工作就行。”

now，Weeks month had to be picked up university degree in textbooks，Prepare the next round of the judicial examination，But if I can pass the exam to have no confidence。“After all, when a lot of things have forgotten。Once the judicial examination，To see if there are any other chance。Originally I was contemplating can could not enter the system unit in the legal or large corporations，Now want to，As long as there is a job will do。”

　　“花了几十万出去，最后回来却没有工作，当初这几十万要是存银行，利息都够他基本生活了。”周月的妈妈懊悔地说，“错就错在不该让他学文科。和他一起走的，学理工科、经济类的，都留在当地找到工作了。”

“Spent hundreds of thousands of out，Finally back but no work，Had this should have saved hundreds of thousands of Banks，Interest is enough he basic life。”Week of the month mother said regretfully，“The mistake was in shouldn't let him learn liberal art。Leave with him，Learn science and engineering、Economy kind，In local find work。”

　　就业难的根源

The root of the difficult employment

　　“文科生没有自己的专业，大学读的所谓专业，其实都是理论知识，专业大多也不是‘不可替代’的，以后在公司的发展也有局限，无法从事其他类别的岗位。加上有的文科生有些轻狂，眼高手低，所以我们不愿意要文科生，也不可能给他们开出较高薪水。”在一家从事机械进出口业务的公司负责人事方面工作的纪先生告诉记者。

“The school of arts living without their own professional，University of the so-called professional read，Actually all is theoretical knowledge，Most are not professional‘irreplaceable’of，Later in the development of the company and limitations，Can't engage in other categories of jobs。Add some liberal arts some frivolous，Above his business，So we don't want a liberal arts，Also not likely they are to open a higher salary。”Engaged in import and export business in a mechanical company responsible for personnel in Mr. Age told reporters。

　　“我不能和你说，到底每个专业的就业率是多少，因为很难统计出来。但我能告诉你，文科类院系，比如外语专业、法律专业、新闻专业学生的三方协议，由学校代办至人才公司签订的比例最高。”一名市属高校的教师向记者透露。她表示，“三方协议由学校代办与人才公司签订”，虽然并不能完全确定该生未能成功就业，但可以确定该生所找到的工作单位。而无法与其签订三方协议，无法接受档案，“起码可以说，这几个专业的就业‘质量’是全校最低的。”

“I can't say with you，Exactly how much of each professional employment rate，For it is hard to statistics。But I can tell you，College of liberal arts，Such as foreign language major、Legal professional、News of the three students party agreement，The school to the talent for the company to sign the highest ratio。”A Beijing college teacher has revealed。She says she，“Three parties by the school and the talent agency agreement signed company”，Although it is not to be completely sure the student failed to obtain employment，But can determine the students find work unit。And can't be signed with three party agreement，Can't accept files，“At least say，These a few professional obtain employment‘quality’The school is the lowest。”

　　有关人士告诉记者，高校文科类专业目前扩招严重，许多学院为了升格成大学，疯狂增设文科专业。“如果增设理工科专业，还需要大量资金建实验室，购置器材，花钱引进专业课教师。但增设文科专业就不用这么麻烦了，不用实验室，教室是现成的，老师可以从基础课老师调过来。”而这样的扩招模式，也导致文科专业教学陷入理论化和空壳化的局面，与实践脱节。

Officials told reporters，College of liberal arts professional current enrollment expansion serious，Many colleges in order to upgrade into university，Crazy add liberal arts。“If add the science and engineering，Need a large amount of money to build the laboratory，Purchase equipment，Introduction of professional teachers spend money。But add liberal arts were not so trouble，Don't laboratory，The classroom is ready，The teacher can come from the basic course teacher。”And this kind of enrollment expansion mode，Also led to a liberal arts education in the empty shell theorized and the situation，And practice between。

　　根据教育部的统计数字显示，2002年时，全国普通高校共有理工类(理科、工科、农业、医学)本科毕业生393442人，文科类(哲学、文学、法学、教育、历史)本科毕业生144807人。而2010年时，全国普通高校理工类本科毕业生为1293114人，是2002年的3.28倍，文科类本科毕业生总数为751918人，是2002年的5.19倍。其中增速最快的是文学类，毕业生总数在2010年为487520人，是2002年77710人的6.27倍，增速远远超过理工类。就业最为困难的文科专业，却恰恰是学生增长幅度最高的专业。

The ministry of education figures show，In 2002，The national average college of science &engineering(science、engineering、agriculture、medical)Graduates of 393442 people，Of liberal arts(philosophy、literature、law、education、history)Graduates of 144807 people。In 2010，National ordinary university undergraduate course of science and engineering graduates for 1293114 people，3.28 times more than in 2002，The majority of graduates for a total of 751918 people，5.19 times more than in 2002。One of the fastest growth is literature，Total number of graduates in 2010 for 487520 people，Is 2002 in 77710 of 6.27 times，Far more than growth of science and engineering。The most difficult employment of the liberal arts，Just is the student growth rate the highest professional。

　　文科类专业学生数量飞速增加，而就业市场却难以消化。相关专家建议，应当对新增文科类专业加强审核力度，同时减少文科类专业在本科阶段的招生，因为很多文科类专业和工作，需要较为丰富的知识背景和必要的人生阅历才能更好地学习和从事。(记者 赵昂)

Liberal arts majors number grew rapidly，But the employment market but difficult to digest。Related experts suggest，To the added shall strengthen the audit of liberal arts major efforts，And at the same time reduces of liberal arts in the stage of undergraduate professional recruitment of students，Because a lot of liberal arts professional and work，Need more rich knowledge background and the necessary experience can better learning and engaged in。(Reporter ZhaoAng)