阅读提示

Reading tips

　　“名校属地扩招挑战教育公平”，近日一则新闻将北大、清华这两所中国顶尖学府再次卷入“地域歧视”的雷区。几个月前，清华、北大先后允诺，将在北京地区减少高考招生计划投放。然而，承诺却与现实大相径庭。据媒体报道，清华今年在京总扩招达45.3%，北大今年在京一批次扩招达33.6%，如此“逆势而为”颇有“挑战底线”之嫌。

“School education fair challenge enrollment expansion territory”，Recently a news will Peking University、Tsinghua the two top schools involved in China again“Regional discrimination”minefield。A few months ago，tsinghua、Peking University has promised to，Will be in Beijing area to reduce the university entrance exam to recruit students to plan on。however，But the reality is the promise。According to media reports，Tsinghua university in Beijing this year, the total enrollment expansion of 45.3%，Peking University in Beijing this year a batch enrollment expansion of 33.6%，so“Woes for”Quite have the“Challenge the bottom line”too。

　　而后，8名律师又“火上浇油”，联合致信教育部，痛陈“高招地域歧视”。他们将15家在京部属高校属地招生计划，与在河南、湖北、山东、四川、河北、安徽这6个高考大省的招生计划相对比，数据相差之悬殊令人震惊。8名律师甚至质问：在优质教育资源严重不均的情况下，中央部属高校究竟是全国人民的高校，还是属地人民的高校？

And then，Eight lawyers and“Added fuel to the fire”，Joint written the ministry of education，Pain Chen“Entrance regional discrimination”。They will be 15 companies in Beijing university apanage subordinates to recruit students to plan，In henan and、hubei、shandong、sichuan、hebei、Anhui this 6 big province of the university entrance exam compared to recruit students to plan，The difference between data is appalling。Eight lawyers and even questioned：In the high quality education resources under the condition of uneven serious，The central subordinates of the people of the whole country on earth is university college，Or of the people of apanage university？

　　【质疑】两校自毁承诺，在京一批次大扩招

【questioned】The two schools self-destruct commitment，A number of times in the great expansion

　　【回应】计算方法有误，增招源于生源质量

【response】Incorrect calculation method，Add recruit comes from the students' quality

　　“北大今年在京录取总人数比2011年减少37人，没有进行大规模扩招。”面对“属地扩招”的质疑，北京大学新闻发言人近日予以回应，认为媒体报道不符合实际情况。

“Peking University in Beijing this year than in 2011, the total number admitted to reduce 37 people，No on a large scale of expanding。”face“Apanage enrollment expansion”Questioning of the，Beijing university press spokesman recently comment，Think media reports don't tally with the actual situation。

　　据北京大学招生办公室介绍，今年北大在京一批次文科计划招收80人、理科计划招收140人，录取时均按100%比例提档，因有等分考生，文科实际录取81人，理科实际录取142人。这样算来，北大在京一批次录取学生223人，比计划人数多了3人，扩招比例为1.36%。

According to Beijing university admissions office is introduced，Peking University in Beijing this year a batch arts plan for 80 people、Science plan for 140 people，According to the 100% admitted all carry file，Candidates for parts，Liberal arts actual admitted 81 people，Science actual admitted 142 people。So--，Peking University in Beijing a batch to admit a student 223 people，More people than plan three people，Enrollment expansion ratio of 1.36%。

　　那33.6%的一批次扩招比例从何而来？此前媒体报道中指出，北大今年在京文科、理科分别录取106人、188人，这比原计划的80人和140人共计增加了74人，由此计算便可得出33.6%。北大方面表示，在该计算方法中，“计划人数”是一批次的，而“录取人数”则不仅包括一批次。

The 33.6% of a batch enrollment expansion ratio come from？After media reports said，Peking University in Beijing this year liberal arts、Science department admitted 106 respectively、188 people，This is better than the original plan in 80 and 140 by 74，This works will be concluded that 33.6%。Peking University said，In this calculation method，“Plan number”Is a batch of，and“Admit number”It not only includes a number of times。

　　对于扩招比例的计算，清华大学也同样“委屈”。“媒体所说的45.3%，并不是严格意义上统招的扩招，它既包括高考文理科统招批次的扩招，也包括了小语种、降分录取的自主生、文艺特长生、体育特长生、体育高水平运动员等。”清华大学党委宣传部副部长于世杰说。至于今年在京扩招的原因，在他看来，“因为北京考生报考踊跃，而且生源质量较好。”

For enrollment expansion of the proportion of the calculation，Tsinghua university is the same“injustice”。“Media say 45.3%，And not strictly the communication of expanding，It includes both the university entrance exam batch of enrollment expansion communication arts and sciences，Also includes a small language、Drop points of independent born admitted、Literary especially immortal、Sports especially immortal、High level sports athletes, etc。”Tsinghua university party committee propaganda department, deputy minister YuShiJie said。As for the cause of enrollment expansion this year in Beijing，In his view，“Because Beijing examinee enter oneself for an examination enthusiastically，And the students' quality is good。”

　　不过，山东大学本科生院常务副院长胡金焱却不认同这个理由，“大学要以自己的信用和承诺作为刚性约束，北京学生的整体素质相较于农村和贫困地区可能总体好些，但这并不是多招收北京学生的依据。”他直言，人口可以有户籍，但在教育上不该有“户籍”。

but，Shandong university undergraduate court standing vice President HuJinYan did not agree with this reason，“University will take their credit and commitment as a rigid constraint，The overall quality of students in Beijing than in the rural and poor areas may overall better，But this is not recruit students in Beijing more than the basis。”He talked bluntly，Population can have a census register，But in the education shouldn't have“Census register”。

　　【红线】部属高校属地招生比例不得超过30%

【Red line】Subordinate colleges admissions proportion territory shall not exceed 30%

　　【辩解】顾及地方利益，“一刀切”不现实

【excuse】Attend local interests，“One size fits all”Not realistic

　　30%，被很多人视为部属高校属地招生的“红线”。教育部2008年曾发文，明确要求部属高校和有关部门（单位）所属高校要按照“生源质量为主，兼顾地区平衡”的原则编制生源计划，在属地安排计划的比例“逐年逐步调整至30%以内”。

30%，Considered by many as the college recruit students of subordinates territory“Red line”。The ministry of education in 2008 had dispatch，Clear requirements colleges and departments concerned subordinates（unit）Colleges and universities should according to belong“Matriculate quality mainly，In both the balance”The principle of the student plans，In the territory of the proportion of the plan“Year after year to adjust gradually within 30%”。

　　“今年复旦大学第一批在上海招生人数共招收796名，占今年全国招生计划总数的27.8%。”据复旦大学招生办公室负责人介绍，复旦大学近年来一直在大幅削减招生人数，在沪招生人数比例，已从最高接近50%持续下降到现在的27.8%。不过，该负责人认为大学招生有“大小年”，会出现某个地区录取人数突然走高的波动，“公众应看大学招生的长期走势，而不是仅根据一次波动来评论‘公平性’。”

“This year the first batch of fudan university in Shanghai recruit students number of recruits 796，This year to recruit students to plan the national accounts for 27.8% of the total。”According to fudan university admissions office chief introduction，Fudan university in recent years have been in slash recruit students number，In Shanghai recruit students number proportion，Already from the highest close to 50% continues to decline to 27.8% now。but，The officials think the university admissions“DaXiaoNian”，There will be one area admit number suddenly walk high volatility，“The public should be watched college recruit students of long-term trends，And not only by a wave to comment‘fairness’。”

　　因上海考生表现优异，今年上海交大在本地的高考本科一批次扩招了5%。但上海交通大学招生办负责人表示“上海交通大学在沪录取考生1092名，占全国招生计划的28.36%，未超过教育部规定的上限。”

For Shanghai examinee are outstanding，Shanghai jiaotong university this year local college entrance examination undergraduate course in a batch enrollment expansion of 5%。But Shanghai jiaotong university admissions office chief said“Shanghai jiaotong university in Shanghai examinee admitted to 1092，Accounts for the recruit students to plan of 28.36%，Not more than the limit by the ministry of education。”

　　据了解，与清华、北大不同，复旦、上海交通大学等在沪部属高校均采用“部市共建”模式，其办学经费中上海市地方财政投入占了相当大比例。“我们必须对地方财政的支持有所回报。招生名额的地区计划数形成和调整都有个过程，‘一刀切’不现实，”上海交大相关人士如此解释。至于有人呼吁的“参照考生数量来制定招生计划”，他坦言“短时期内不可能绝对按照人口比例分配”。

According to understand，And tsinghua、Peking University different，fudan、Shanghai jiaotong university in Shanghai universities such as subordinates are adopted“Department city to build”mode，The funds for running the place in financial investment account for a considerable proportion。“We must to local finance support pay off。Enrollment quota plan in a formation and adjustment process，‘One size fits all’Not realistic，”Shanghai jiaotong university relevant personage explains。As for someone called for“Refers to the examinee quantity to recruit students to plan formulated”，He said“In the short term may not absolutely according to the proportion of the population distribution”。

　　而华中师范大学教育学院院长涂艳国则担心，“如果一味追求人口比例上的公平，那么对于一些生源质量好的地区来说，也会造成另一种不公平”。他认为，可以参照国外的做法，比如清华、北大等高校的资金支持来自于全国，就应该更多兼顾各地。而一些高校主要是省里支持，招生时可以考虑有省内省外的差别。

And central China normal university education, dean of the college of TuYanGuo have worried about，“If blindly pursuing the fairness of the proportion of the population，So for some students' quality good regions，Also can cause another is not fair”。He thinks，Can refer to foreign methods，Such as tsinghua、The Peking University financial support from the whole nation，Both should be more all over the country。And some college major is in the province support，Recruit students to consider is the difference of outside the province。

　　【抱怨】名校向高考大省增加的名额杯水车薪

【complain】School entrance examination province to increase the number of the bucket

　　【对策】“追加计划”漏洞靠刚性政策弥补

【countermeasures】“Additional plan”Loophole by rigid policy to make up for

　　“北京、上海考生进名校，比外地考生的门槛低多少？”每至高考，这个话题总被反复提及。重点高校的分布不均，与高招中存在的地方保护主义，持续刺激着考生和家长的神经。在8名律师致信教育部之前，已有15位学者上书国务院和教育部，建议废止高考户籍限制，取消大学招生的地域歧视，“切实推进教育与社会公平改革”。

“Beijing、Shanghai examinee into school，Outside the threshold of the candidates than low much？”Each to the university entrance exam，This topic was always mentioned repeatedly。The key universities uneven distribution，And in the course of the existence of local protectionism，Continue to stimulate the examinee and the parents of nerve。In the letter before eight lawyers of the ministry of education，Have 15 scholar wrote to the state council and the ministry of education，Suggest abolished the university entrance exam census register restrictions，Cancel the university admissions regional discrimination，“Promote education and social justice reform”。

　　事实上，北大、清华、复旦等高校对于中西部地区以及一些生源大省，在招生中已在逐步倾斜。“今年北京大学仅在河南一省就增加了20个招生计划，贵州增加了12个，新疆、青海、西藏等其他中西部地区也有不同程度的增加。”北大招生办负责人说。而清华大学也对西部12省（区、市）扩大了招生计划投放，于世杰介绍，“今年在甘肃省共投放招生计划54人，比去年增加了六成；在宁夏增投了计划，最终实际录取人数比计划增加了50%”。

In fact，Peking University、tsinghua、Fudan university in the Midwest and some matriculate province，In the enrolment has been tilt。“Beijing university this year only in henan province increased 20 to recruit students to plan，Guizhou added 12，xinjiang、qinghai、Tibet and other parts of the Midwest also have different degrees of increase。”Peking University admissions office chief said。And tsinghua university is to the west of 12 provinces（area、city）Expanded enrollment plans to put，YuShiJie introduced，“This year, which is launched in gansu province to recruit students to plan 54 people，Is sixty percent higher than last year；Increase in ningxia threw plan，Finally admit number than the actual plan has increased 50%”。

　　然而，这样的举动仍然难以消解公众的质疑。“在山东这样的高考大省，好学校本来就少，考生又多，名校增加的名额根本无济于事，对我们很不公平。”一位网友抱怨。

however，This move it is still difficult to eliminate the public questioning。“In shandong province of such college entrance examination，Good school original little，Examinee,，Increase the number of no help at school，For we are not fair。”A net friend to complain。

　　据日本文部科学省高等教育政策室小林介绍，日本不存在属地招生问题，也没有政策倾斜，完全由考生自主选择，之所以能够采取这样的制度，主要因为日本各地区教育水平差异不大。“而我们现在城乡差距越来越大，许多农村小孩早就输在起跑线上，高考呈现的不公平只是最后的结果。”涂艳国认为，让名校多放几个指标到其他地方，解决不了根本问题，高考招生属地化的不均，最根源还在于基础教育的不公平。而上海一位教育专家则提醒，目前看来，高考招生的地域不均衡现象，远远不如生源阶层分布的失衡更严重。

According to the Japanese WenBu higher education policy science province room Lin is introduced，Japan does not exist apanage recruit students problem，No policy tilt，Complete by the examinee to independently choose，Are able to take such a system，Mainly because the education level differences in Japan is not big。“And we now is more and more big gap between urban and rural areas，Many rural boy would have lost it on the starting line，The university entrance exam of the present the final result of just not fair。”TuYanGuo think，Let the school put some more index to other places，Doesn't solve the fundamental problems，The university entrance exam recruit students of Dec. unfair，The root cause is that basic education is unfair。And Shanghai a education experts remind，Now it looks，The university entrance exam of recruit students not balanced regional phenomenon，Student class than the distribution of the more serious imbalance。

　　在业内人士看来，顶层制度设计的缺漏也为高校属地化招生留下了“运作空间”。“教育部允许高校根据部分省、市生源情况，调整计划或机动计划，而这种‘追加计划’基本上都留给了属地。”对此，北京大学法学院教授张千帆认为，“追加计划”的目的应是纠偏，给予已受歧视的地方一些照顾，“教育部要出台硬性政策以缩小各地招生计划的差别，对没有达标的高校要加强监管。”

In the industry looks，Top of the system design for the college admissions and omissions Dec. left“Operation space”。“The ministry allows universities according to the part of the province、City matriculate situation，Change the plan or motor plan，And this‘Additional plan’Basically to territory。”this，Beijing university law school professor ZhangQianFan think，“Additional plan”Purpose should be be action，Give the place has discriminated some care，“The ministry of education should publish rigid policy to reduce the difference of recruit students to plan around，Without adequate to colleges and universities should strengthen the supervision。”

　　（综合姜泓冰、张烁、贾娜、刘军国、梁晨、陈璐瑶报道）

（Comprehensive JiangHongBing、ZhangShuo、JiaNa、LiuJunGuo、LiangChen、ChenLuYao reported）