近20年来，大大小小的特色鲜明的民间博物馆已经在中国成为蔚为大观的力量。在有的城市，国有博物馆与民间博物馆已经可以平分秋色。民间博物馆，正在成为我们文化生活的重要组成部分。

Nearly 20 years，Greatly small distinctive characteristics of folk museum in China has become a splendid strength。In some cities，State-owned museum and folk museum has can even Steven。Folk museum，Our culture is becoming an important part of life。

　　作为全国首家民间马家窑文化彩陶博物馆的馆长，王志安先生早在1996年就创立了马家窑文化研究会，正是在不断收藏研究的基础上，倾全力建立了这家民间博物馆，为的是让那些自己辛苦收藏的彩陶不至于藏于深闺无人识。如今这个博物馆接待人数已过百万，并被兰州大学和西北民族大学作为考古学的教学实习基地。

As the first folk horse home kiln culture painted pottery museum curator，Mr. Wang zhian was as early as in 1996 founded the horse home kiln culture research association，It is in constant based on the study of collection，Buckle down to establish the folk museum，In order to let those you worked a collection of painted pottery not hiding in boudoir, nobody CARES。Now the museum has received number one million，And lanzhou university and the northwest university for nationalities as archaeological practice teaching base。

　　近20年来，这样大大小小的特色鲜明的民间博物馆已经成为蔚为大观的力量。据不完全统计，在全国登记注册的3415个博物馆中，民间博物馆有456个，也就是说每十个博物馆中至少有一个是民间博物馆。加上各种未注册的私人博物馆及收藏室，全国民间博物馆的总数可达千家。

Nearly 20 years，This greatly small distinctive characteristics of folk museum has become the power of be a sight to behold。According to incomplete statistics，In the national registered in 3415 in the museum，Folk museum has 456，That is every ten museum at least one is folk museum。Add various kinds of unregistered private museum and collection chamber，The total number of national folk museum can be up to thousand。

　　在有的城市，国有博物馆与民间博物馆已经可以平分秋色。比如成都，国有博物馆有35家，民办博物馆达到了33家。而我国最大的民办博物馆聚落建川博物馆就坐落在大邑县的安仁古镇。该聚落占地500亩，已开放15个博物馆分馆，馆藏文物超过200余万件。目前累计接待观众200余万人次，解决当地400余人就业，这样的“成绩单”与国有博物馆相比亦不逊色。

In some cities，State-owned museum and folk museum has can even Steven。Such as chengdu，State-owned museum has 35 home，Private museum reached 33 home。And China's largest private museum settlement building sichuan museum is located in the ancient town DaYiXian AnRen。The settlement cover an area of 500 mu，Already open 15 museum branch libraries，More than 200 cultural relics collection more than pieces。At present has received more than 200 person-times of audience，To solve the local employment of more than 400 people，this“transcript”Compared with the state-owned museum also not inferior。

　　民间博物馆，正在成为我们文化生活的重要组成部分。

Folk museum，Our culture is becoming an important part of life。

1. 由私人收藏向公共服务转变 1. By private collection to public service transformation

　　中国的民间博物馆热兴起于上世纪90年代。文化遗产的保护和展示仅仅依靠国家力量是不够的，民间博物馆收藏方式灵活，为国家收集和保护了一大批散落民间的文物，某种程度上可以说是国有博物馆的拾遗补缺。王志安认为，不同于国有博物馆的综合性和历史性，民办博物馆的专题性强，涉及面广，展示的内容较国有博物馆更为丰富多样，小到雨伞、扇子和剪子，大到陶瓷、铜器和家具，只要自成体系，从陶文化茶文化酒文化到笔墨纸砚琴棋书画，皆可成为一个博物馆。

China's folk museum thermal emerged in the 1990 s。Cultural heritage protection and display only to depend on the state power is not enough，Folk museum way is flexible，As the national collection and protection of a large number of scattered folk cultural relics，To some extent can be said to be state-owned museum gleaning。Wang zhian was think，Different from state-owned museums comprehensive and historic，Private museum topicality strong，Covers a wide range，The content of the show is state-owned museum more rich variety，Small to umbrella、Fans and scissors，To ceramic、Bronze and furniture，As long as the system which has its own，From ceramic culture wine culture to the tea culture by replacing ink qinqi painting，All can become a museum。

　　中国文物学会会长、故宫博物院院长单霁翔上世纪90年代担任北京市文物局局长，他清楚地记得四家民办博物馆从申请到批准成立的曲折过程，其中就包括了马未都先生创立的北京观复博物馆和路东之先生创立的古陶文明博物馆，它们的成立标志着真正意义上的民间博物馆开始在中国大地出现。

China cultural heritage association、The Palace Museum director ChanJi xiang in the 1990 s as a director of the Beijing municipal bureau of cultural relics，He clearly remember four private museum from application to approved the establishment of twists and turns，Including the Mr. Ma did not founded Beijing view restoring museum and road east of ancient pottery is next Mr Founded the museum，The establishment of their marks in the true sense folk museum began to appear the ground in China。

　　观复博物馆是改革开放以来的第一家私立博物馆，1996年10月30日成立，1997年正式对外开放，如今这家博物馆已是闻名天下。2002年，马未都还在杭州创办了它的分馆观复博物馆杭州馆。观复博物馆的最大特点是它的管理，2004年它实行了理事会制，走出了一般民间博物馆小打小闹、个人和家族色彩过于浓厚的老路。2010年6月，马未都宣布正式创建观复文化基金会，并将其几十年收藏的文物全部捐给观复博物馆，由基金会理事会统一管理，实现了由私人收藏性质向公共文化服务机构的转变。

View restoring museum is since reform and opening up the first private museum，October 30, 1996 was established，In 1997, after the official opening，Now the museum is famous the world。In 2002,，Ma did not still in hangzhou started its branch libraries view restoring museum hangzhou library。View the biggest characteristic of complex museum is its management，In 2004 it implemented the council system，Out of the general folk museum on small scale、Personal and family colour too strong approach。In June 2010，Ma did not announced officially create view restoring cultural foundation，And the cultural relics in the collection of decades to view all complex museum，The council unified management by the foundation，Realized by private collection property to the public cultural service organization transformation。

　　2008年开始的博物馆免费开放政策曾被认为对民间博物馆会形成极大的冲击，但很多民办博物馆却利用免费开放的契机，扩大了自己的影响，提升了自己的服务水平。著名的铜雕工艺美术大师朱炳仁，2002年倾其所有在浙江杭州建造了一座铜雕艺术博物馆。它既是两岸三地工艺美术大师的交流平台，也是浙江和杭州重要的工艺文化与艺术展示基地。但这并不妨碍它的平民色彩。目前，这座铜雕艺术博物馆每年迎客百万，节假日更是人潮涌动。

2008 start museum free open policy has been think folk museum will form the huge impact，But a lot of private museum but use free and open opportunity，Expanded its influence，Increase the level of service。The famous master carpenter works of arts and crafts, zhu，In 2002, all its pour in zhejiang hangzhou built a carpenter works art museum。It is not only the interrelations of arts and crafts master communication platform，Is zhejiang and hangzhou important technology culture and art display base。But this does not hinder its civilian colour。At present，The carpenter works art museum visitor one million each year，Holiday crowds is surging。

　　在人们的印象中，民间博物馆满足于小巧玲珑，隐匿在不起眼的街巷，与公立博物馆的巍峨形成一种微妙的平衡。然而近几年，随着民间资本的壮大，民间博物馆逐步进入了快速发展期，这种格局逐渐被打破。比如建川博物馆群落。馆长樊建川对于藏品的征集，跳出了一般文物的概念，已经拓展到对具有历史、艺术、科学价值的各类实物的收藏，涉及抗日战争、新中国成立以来的生产生活、民俗、抗击汶川大地震等主题鲜明的门类，丰富了博物馆藏品的概念，促进了民间文化的积淀与传承。而且围绕丰富的藏品，其博物馆群落最大限度地延伸到餐饮、影视、古玩、文化旅游、房地产、文化会展等方面，使原本只是用来配套的设施也呈现出一种“亚博物馆”状态，形成了一个集藏品展示、历史教育、旅游休闲、收藏交流等多功能为一体的新概念博物馆，基本实现了“以馆养馆”。

In people's impression，Folk museum content with small and exquisite，Hidden in the small alleyways，And public museum and the formation of a delicate balance。In recent years, however，With the strengthening of folk capital，Folk museum gradually into a rapid development period，This kind of pattern is broken gradually。Such as sichuan museum building community。FanJianChuan curator for the collection of the collection，Jump out of the general concept of cultural relics，Has already extended to the historical、art、The scientific value of all kinds of physical collection，Involved in the war of resistance against Japan、Since the founding of the production and living、folk、Fighting wenchuan earthquake theme distinct categories，Enrich the concept of museum collection，To promote the folk culture accumulation and inheritance。And around the rich collection，The museum community maximum extended to food、Film and television、antique、Cultural tourism、Real estate、Cultural exhibition, etc，Make originally are only used for supporting facilities is also showing a“The museum”state，Formed a set collection show、History education、Tourism leisure、Collect exchange multi-function as one of the new concept museum，Basically achieved“To building a house”。

　　国家文物局副局长宋新潮认为，民间博物馆是我国经济社会持续稳定发展大背景下公民文化需求增长的必然结果，小而言之是由社会力量利用民间收藏的文物、标本、资料等文化财产依法设立，具有文化普及鲜明特色的公共文化服务机构，大而言之是动员全社会广泛参与，共同构建公共文化服务体系，促进文化大发展、大繁荣的重要力量，今后必将迎来更大的发展。

Deputy director of state administration of SongXinChao think，Folk museum is China's economic and social sustainable and stable development of civic culture background the inevitable result of demand growth，XiaoErYanZhi is by social forces use folk cultural relics in the collection of、specimen、Material, such as established in accordance with the cultural property，Culturally universal distinct features of public cultural services，As a widely is mobilizing the whole society to participate in，Common constructing public cultural service system，Promote cultural development、Great prosperity of the important force，In the future will have greater development。