培养出阳光健康的孩子是父母、教师及整个社会共同的心愿。那么，如何抓住孩子发展关键期？如何在关键期开展科学系统的教育？3-6岁儿童应该开发哪些能力？面对巨大的升学压力孩子及家长如何摆正心态？新学期里孩子需要掌握什么？8月9日，著名儿童心理与教育专家、儿童关键期教育创始人殷红博做客《搜狐教育会客厅》就"如何培养阳光健康的孩子"话题进行探讨。以下为访谈实录： Cultivate sunshine healthy children are their parents、The teacher and the whole society's common wish。so，How to seize the child develop critical period？How to carry out science in critical period of the system education？3 to 6 years old children should develop what ability？In the face of the huge pressures upon their schoolwork children and parents how to adjust state of mind？The new semester children need master??????？On August 9,，The famous children's psychology and education experts、Children's critical period education founder blackish red bo guest《Sohu education saloon》it"How to cultivate the sunshine healthy children"Topic discussed。The following is a interview memoir：

搜狐教育主持人： Sohu education host：教育部发布《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》，实施《指南》的原则之一就是要遵循幼儿的发展规律和学习特点，严禁"拔苗助长"式的超前教育和强化训练。但就目前的情况来看，标准要求是否过低了呢？

Issued by the ministry of education《3 to 6 years old children's learning and development guidelines》，implementation《guide》One of the principles in children is to follow the law of development and learning characteristics，It is strictly prohibited to"Spoil things by excessive enthusiasm"Type of advanced education and strengthen training。But as to the present situation，Standard is too low now？

殷红博（著名儿童心理与教育专家、儿童关键期教育创始人）： Blackish red bo（The famous children's psychology and education experts、Children's critical period education founder）：首先这个指南是非常正确的，中国太缺少这个了，在很多发达国家很早就有这样的指南。从大脑发展特点、中国教育现状、中华民族生活习惯和文化背景来说这个指南是很科学系统的，但是社会上会有不同的反响。这主要是因为我们国家的教育有不同的层次，包括经济、文化、教育发展的不均衡，所以有些幼儿园，比如说你刚才谈到的一线城市，他们可能觉得这个指南的某些要求过低了，但是对于更广大的不发达地区来说这个指南的要求可能还高了很多。

First of all this guide is very correct，China is lack of this，In many developed countries have long have such guidelines。From the features of the development of the brain、China's education present situation、The Chinese nation living habits and cultural background, this guide is a scientific system，But society will have different repercussions。This is mainly because our country's education have different level，Include economic、culture、Education development is not balanced，So some kindergarten，For example you just talked about a line of the city，They may think this guide some asked low，But to a wider underdeveloped areas, this guide requirements may also much higher。

　　造成这样现象主要有两方面原因，首先是教师的素质。偏远地区教师的接触面、见识某种程度上决定了对这个指南的实施结果，他们也许完成这个指南很不容易。但是像北京、上海这样大的城市，很多的孩子或许根本不用去幼儿园，在与父母等的接触中就会掌握。所以教育的不均衡性决定了这个指南必定会有一些争议，但是就整个中国幼教现状来说，这个指南是非常合理的。

Cause such phenomenon there are two major reasons，The first is the quality of teachers。Remote areas teachers' contact surface、See a certain extent determines the guide to the implementation of the results，They may complete the guide is very not easy。But like Beijing、Shanghai such a big city，Many children may be no to the kindergarten，And parents in the contact will master。So the imbalance of the education determines the guide will have some dispute，But the whole Chinese preschool education present situation is，This guide is very reasonable。

　　有些学校可能觉得达到指南要求太简单了，因为孩子很聪明，他都会了，我是觉得不同的区域可能对这个指南有一些补充和修订，这在国际上也是一种惯例，不可能一个教材针对所有的孩子。

Some schools may feel to guide request too simple，Because the child is very clever，He will be the，I do think different area may be the guide has some supplement and revision，This in the world is also a kind of practice，Don't be a teaching material for all children。

搜狐教育主持人： Sohu education host：您认为儿童关键期教育的目的和意义，对于教育部出台的针对三至六岁儿童发展指南的基本思想是否一致，有一个什么样的联系？

Do you think children's critical period education purpose and meaning，For the ministry of education has issued for three to six years old child development guide basic thought is consistent，There is a what kind of contact？

殷红博（著名儿童心理与教育专家、儿童关键期教育创始人）： Blackish red bo（The famous children's psychology and education experts、Children's critical period education founder）：我们创建的关键期教育，跟教育部的指南是完全一致的，就是针对不同年龄孩子的大脑，各种器官的发展的不均衡性，不同发展规律进行针对性的教育，这是完全一致的。我们要求孩子在三岁的时候，进行体能、心理、语言、认知方面的教育，这是跟教育部的指南是完全一致的。只是我们在方法上更具体，会结合实际的情况做一些灵活调整，比如我们培养三岁孩子数学能力，最重要的就是数物对应能力，我们可能有十几种教学方法，而这是其他幼儿园做不到的。

We create employment education，With the ministry of education guidelines are completely consistent，According to different age is the child's brain，Various organs of the imbalance of the development，The different development law of specific education，This is completely consistent。We ask the child in three years old，For physical、psychological、language、Cognitive aspects of education，This is the guide to the ministry of education is completely consistent。We just in the way more specific，Will be combined with the actual situation to do some flexible adjustment，For example we develop three years old children mathematical ability，The most important thing is the number corresponding ability，We may have more than ten kinds of teaching methods，And this is other kindergarten can't do。

搜狐教育主持人： Sohu education host：现在为了应对升学压力，很多的幼儿园老师们也给孩子提前教授一些小学内容，家长们也成为了"小学化"的助推手，您如何看待学前小学化现状，这对孩子的成长产生什么样影响？

Now in order to cope with the pressures upon their schoolwork，A lot of kindergarten teachers also give the child a professor in advance some primary content，Parents have become"Elementary school change"Of boosting hand，How do you think of preschool elementary school change current situation，The child's growth produce what kind of impact？

殷红博（著名儿童心理与教育专家、儿童关键期教育创始人）： Blackish red bo（The famous children's psychology and education experts、Children's critical period education founder）：这个问题提的非常好，我们可以从三个方面进行解释。对于大多数的孩子而言，小学化是绝对错误的，教育部三令五申不要小学化，这是完全正确的，因为小学化有两个弊端，第一个就是教学方法，幼儿主要是模仿和趣味性教学，游戏性教学，跟小学完全不一样，所以方法上，你越是小学化，就会造成幼儿不适应，会厌学，造成一种学习的自卑和逃避，这是非常错误的。

The question very well，We can explain from three aspects。For most children in，Primary school change is absolutely wrong，The ministry of education repeated orders not to primary school change，This is perfectly correct，Because primary school change has two disadvantages，The first is the teaching method，Young children are mainly imitation and interesting teaching，Gameplay teaching，Primary school with completely different，So the method，The more you elementary school change，Can cause children does not adapt，Will be disgusted，Create a kind of learning inferiority and escape，This is very wrong。

　　第二点，就是现实，很多好的小学希望孩子入学层次比较高，会有一些要求，甚至按照学习的成绩分班，这就造成家长有这种迫切性，所以"小学化"确实有它存在的基础。很多的小学是希望能够选拔一些好的孩子，这个是可以的，涉及到教育的一种层次性，一种普惠性。所以我觉得这个可以理解，但是要想避免确实很难。

The second point，Is reality，A lot of good hope primary school children entrance level is higher，There will be some requirements，Even according to learning achievements divide into classes，This will cause parents have this kind of urgency，so"Elementary school change"Do have the foundation of its existence。A lot of primary school is to hope to be able to select some good children，This is ok，Education involves a level，A pratt &whitney sex。So I think this can understand，But if you want to avoid it is difficult。

　　再一个就是最关键的一个，针对不同的孩子进行因材施教。比如说有些孩子发展关键期进行了很好的教育，他的学习能力非常强，如果这个孩子很快乐的自己学很多的东西，你强制他反而不是因材施教了，所以我们只能说允许一些开办天才班的小学进行这种选择。

Another is the key one，According to different children teach students in accordance with their aptitude。For example some children to develop critical period had good education，His study ability is very strong，If the child is very happy yourself to learn a lot of things，You forced him but not the teach students in accordance with their aptitude，So we can only say that allow some open genius class primary schools this choice。

　　我们研究跟踪的这些孩子，我发现他们在学习能力、学习习惯，包括知识水平上有很大的差异，这是不能规避的一个规律。3%左右的孩子弱智，5%左右的孩子是天才，差异是非常大，90%以上的孩子是正常的，差异不是很大的。所以说在选择小学化教育的同时，这个幼儿园应该考虑到我们针对什么样的孩子可以去做，但是大多数的孩子是不应该这么做的，所以教育部三令五申不要搞小学化这是非常正确的。

We study tracking these children，I found them in learning ability、Study habits，Including knowledge level there is a big difference in the，This is not the evasion of a rule。About 3% of children mental retardation，5% of child is a genius，The difference is very big，More than 90% of the children is normal，The difference is not very big。So in choosing primary school change education at the same time，The kindergarten should consider to our according to what kind of child can go to do，But most of the children are should not do it，So the ministry of education repeated orders don't make primary school change this is very correct。