培养出阳光健康的孩子是父母、教师及整个社会共同的心愿。那么，如何抓住孩子发展关键期？如何在关键期开展科学系统的教育？3-6岁儿童应该开发哪些能力？面对巨大的升学压力孩子及家长如何摆正心态？新学期里孩子需要掌握什么？8月9日，著名儿童心理与教育专家、儿童关键期教育创始人殷红博做客《搜狐教育会客厅》就"如何培养阳光健康的孩子"话题进行探讨。以下为访谈实录： Cultivate sunshine healthy children are their parents、The teacher and the whole society's common wish。so，How to seize the child develop critical period？How to carry out science in critical period of the system education？3 to 6 years old children should develop what ability？In the face of the huge pressures upon their schoolwork children and parents how to adjust state of mind？The new semester children need master??????？On August 9,，The famous children's psychology and education experts、Children's critical period education founder blackish red bo guest《Sohu education saloon》it"How to cultivate the sunshine healthy children"Topic discussed。The following is a interview memoir：

搜狐教育主持人： Sohu education host：还是应该因材施教，看这个孩子在本阶段适合什么样的教育。对于大部分的孩子来说，您认为在三至六岁这样一个阶段，主要培养孩子哪些方面的能力？

Or should teach students in accordance with their aptitude，To see the child in this stage for what kind of education。For most for children，Do you think in three to six years old such a stage，The main training children what ability？

殷红博（著名儿童心理与教育专家、儿童关键期教育创始人）： Blackish red bo（The famous children's psychology and education experts、Children's critical period education founder）：三到六岁的孩子在幼儿园及家庭中，有五个方面的素质是最重要。第一是身体素质，因为孩子在三到六岁阶段是身体发育的关键期，他的器官、骨骼、神经都在快速发展。一个孩子如果身体不健康，必然导致心理不健康，有些家长或老师可能忽视了这方面，觉得孩子的学习，智力开发才是最重要，但这是一个误区。

Three to six years old children in kindergartens and families，There are five aspect of quality is the most important。The first is the physical quality，Because the child in three to six years old stage is the physical development of the critical period，His organs、bone、Nerve in rapid development。If a child not healthy，Inevitably leads to mental health，Some parents or teachers may ignore this aspect，Feel the child's learning，Intelligence development is the most important，But this is a misunderstanding。

　　第二是心理素质，三到六岁的孩子心理素质是全面形成的发展关键期，也是健全人格形成的关键期，所以孩子的自信、独立、合作、利他、竞争、团队精神，包括信任、诚信、品德发展都是关键期，心理素质是很重要的培养方面。

The second is the psychological quality，Three to six years old child psychological quality is the comprehensive development of the formation of critical period，Is also perfect personality formation of the critical period，So the child's confidence、independent、cooperation、altruism、competition、Team spirit，Including trust、integrity、Moral development is critical period，Psychological quality is very important training。

　　第三是智能素质。如观察能力，注意能力，想象能力，创造能力，记忆能力等等这些也是一个重要的培养方面。

The third is the intelligence quality。Such as observation ability，Pay attention to ability，Imagination ability，Creation ability，Memory ability and so on these is also a important training。

　　第四就是他的见识，和知识面。孩子要接触自然，跟自然形成一种真实的情感的交流，这个很重要，多听、多看、多接触。

The fourth is his knowledge，And knowledge。Children to contact with nature，With natural form a kind of true affection，This is very important，Listen more、see、Much contact。

　　再一个就是艺术素质，孩子学会欣赏不同艺术的形式，而不是简单的听儿歌。你要接触到不同文化，不同层次的，比如说国内外经典的一些艺术作品，比如音乐、绘画、诗歌都应该去接触。中国在这方面比较欠缺，很多大学生只能欣赏轻音乐和相声等等，但古典音乐、芭蕾舞、古典歌剧都不感兴趣，其实这就是在他们发展的关键期缺少了熏陶。

Another is the artistic quality，Children learn to appreciate different art form，Rather than simply listening to children's songs。Do you want to come into contact with different cultures，Different levels of，For example some of the classic works of art at home and abroad，Such as music、painting、Poetry should go to contact。China is short in this respect，Many college students can only appreciate music and crosstalk, etc，But classical music、ballet、Classical opera is not interested in，In fact, this is in their development of the critical period without edification。

　　再一个就是综合观念的建立，这决定了他的行动反应，比如说鸟，我们扔过去一个小石头，不管打没打到它，鸟的第一反应就是躲避飞走。狗和猫这一类的动物，你扔一个石头过去，它会感觉一下，没有危险，就没有任何的反应。但是如果像狮子、狼、老虎这种猛兽，你向它扔一块石头，它第一反应就会先扑向你。

Another is the establishment of the comprehensive concept，This determine his action reaction，For example the bird，We throw the past a small stone，No matter dozen didn't play to it，Bird's first reaction is to avoid fly away。Dogs and cats, this kind of animal，You throw a stone in the past，It will feel the，There is no danger，There is no any reaction。But if as a lion、The Wolf、The tiger this beast of prey，You threw a stone，It will be the first reaction to jump on you。

　　孩子学习也是一样的，五六岁的孩子遇到难题，第一种是逃避，太难了，跟老师，妈妈说，题太难了，我不会做。第二种观念就是看到题目马上问，老师这个题怎么做，妈妈这个题怎么做。第三种孩子就会觉得我不会做，等我慢慢的想，也许有一天我会做出来的。这种观念要尽早的在三到六岁培养孩子建立，包括诚信、诚实，以及利他，这不是说一说就可以做到的。包括团队意识，都是在六到七岁建立起来的，不能简单的对孩子说你要诚信，你要相信很多人，这是没有用的，这是必须有一些情景，活动，让他去参与，让他感知，他才能够逐渐的建立起来，如果过了关键期，如一个人到了十岁以后，他如果建立的是一种非诚信的意识，不信任人的意识，他那个时候很难再信任他人了，也很难再诚信起来，很难再去利他了。这种关键期教育是非常重要的，三到六岁是人的认知模式，品德建立，完美人格建立，包括智力结构、知识结构、学习习惯等等人生重要能力和素质建立的一个最重要的时期，所以要均衡发展，全素质发展。

Children learn is the same，Five or six years old children have problems，The first is to escape，Too difficult，With the teacher，Mother said，Problem is too difficult，I won't do it。The second idea is to see questions ask right away，The teacher the problem how to do，Mom this problem do。The third kind of children will think I won't do it，I slowly want to，Maybe one day I will do。This kind of idea to as early as three to six years old child establish，Including integrity、honest，And altruism，This is not to say that said can do it。Including team consciousness，In six or seven years old set up，Not simple said to the child that you want to good faith，You want to believe that a lot of people，It is no use，It must have some scene，activities，Let him go to participate in，Let him perception，He was able to gradually set up，If the critical period，As a person to ten years later，If he established is a kind of non integrity of consciousness，Don't trust people's consciousness，He that time is hard to trust others，Also it is difficult to good faith up again，It is hard to the altruism。The critical period education is very important，Three to six years old is the people's cognitive mode，Character to establish，Perfect personality set up，Including intelligence structure、Knowledge structure、Study habit and so on one of the most important ability and quality set up one of the most important period，So to balanced development，Full quality development。

搜狐教育主持人： Sohu education host：刚才您也介绍了在三到六岁这个阶段，主要培养孩子五大方面的能力。其实我在这里特别的想问一下，因为我们现在很多的是80后的父母，他们可能在育儿方面，教育孩子方面可能有很多的困惑，您刚才说的五种能力在三至六岁这样一个很短时间里，具体怎么样去培养孩子这方面的能力，在这里请您给我们的网友支两招。

Just now you also introduced in three to six years old this stage，Mainly cultivate children to five aspects ability。In fact I am here special want to ask，Because we are now is a lot of 80 parents，They may be in childcare，Education children may have a lot of confusion，You said just now five kind of ability in three to six years old such a very short time，Specific how to cultivate children to this ability，Here please give our net friends a two strokes。

殷红博（著名儿童心理与教育专家、儿童关键期教育创始人）： Blackish red bo（The famous children's psychology and education experts、Children's critical period education founder）：孩子的模仿能力是他的一种天性，所以家长榜样意识和榜样作用非常重要，让孩子感知到。比如说谈到运动，如果不爱运动的家长，孩子很难爱运动，所以家长的榜样作用非常重要。

The child's imitation ability is one of his nature，So parents example consciousness and example role is very important，Let the child to perceive。For example when it comes to sports，If does not love movement of the parents，The child is hard to love sports，So parents example role is very important。

　　再一个就是系统性，我们培养一个孩子的能力，一个心理素质的建立，一个品质的建立不是三五天，要有一个持续性。比如说你教孩子利他，不是说带孩子帮助一次人，做一次好事就结束了，而是要有阶段性与持续性，每周一次，每个月一次，这样让孩子逐渐的建立起来。

Another is systemic，We develop a child's ability，The establishment of a psychological quality，The establishment of a quality but not，To have a persistent。For example you teach children altruism，Not to say that the children help a person，A good thing is over，But to have periodic and persistent，weekly，Once a month，So let the children gradually set up。

　　再一个就是方法，我们不能简单的指导孩子你做什么，而是引起孩子的兴趣，他愿意去做，比如说孩子学习乐器，首先教孩子感知这个乐器，感知几个月之后，才开始教孩子练，有的孩子一看到钢琴就说妈妈我要练钢琴，妈妈非常高兴，但这可能是孩子一时的兴趣，练几天以后他就不爱练了，所以让孩子长期感知钢琴以后，在决定是否让孩子练习，这个非常重要。

Another is the method，We can't simply guide children what you do，But cause the child's interest，He is willing to do，For example children learn Musical Instruments，First teach children the instrument，Perceive a few months later，Began to teach children practice，Some children saw the piano he said mother I want to practice the piano，Mother is very happy，But this may be the child a passing interest，Practice a few days later he doesn't love the practice，So let the children after long-term perception piano，In determining whether to allow your child to practice，This is very important。

　　再举一个简单的例子，两岁是孩子平衡能力发展的一个关键期，平衡素质是人类体能素质的十二大基础素质之一，在两岁的时候，如果这个孩子平衡能力不好，对于他以后身体的发展有非常大的障碍。怎么去训练孩子平衡能力，家长不能简单的叫孩子做什么小燕子飞，而是要引导他做他感兴趣的游戏，比如说单脚站立，单脚跳跃，上不同的台阶，孩子感觉到这种趣味，他觉得在做游戏，而不是在学习，这一点非常重要，。抓住孩子关键期，引导孩子模仿、体验，根据他的兴趣建立一个系统的教育是非常重要的。

To give a simple example，Two years is children balance ability of the development of a critical period，Balance quality is the human physical quality of the twelve major basis of quality，In two years old，If the child balance ability is not good，After the development of for his body has the very big barrier。How to training children balance ability，Parents can't simply call the children what to do little swallow flies，But will guide him to do what he is interested in the game，For example stand on one leg，Single foot jump，On the different steps，Children feel this kind of interest，He felt in the game，Not in the study，This is very important，。Seize the child critical period，Guide the child imitates、experience，According to his interest to establish a system of education is very important。

　　比如说培养孩子的语言能力，不是说孩子两岁了会说话了培养就完了，而是要根据不同的年龄段训练不同的内容，要达到一种多年系统性教育方案，没有系统性是没有效果的，家长教孩子今天做一个游戏，明天做一个游戏，后天做一个游戏，游戏之间毫无联系，这不是教育，教育必须有科学性、系统性、针对性和整体连贯性。

For example training children's language ability，Not to say that the child is two years old will talk the culture it is finished，But according to different age paragraph training different content，To achieve a systematic education scheme for many years，No systematic is no effect，The parents teach children today do a game，Do tomorrow a game，The day after tomorrow do a game，There is no contact between the game，This is not education，Education must have scientific、systemic、Pertinence and the overall coherence。

　　两岁所学的内容，在三岁必须有衔接，到四岁必须有衔接，四岁学的内容跟两岁和五岁都有一个很明显的衔接，这才是科学的教育。

The content of the learned two years old，In three years old must have the cohesion，Four years old must have the cohesion，Four years learning content to two years and five years there is a obvious cohesion，This is the scientific education。

　　比如说讲故事，故事需要有连续性，要有选择，比如说今天你教孩子自信，明天就要讲教孩子懂得什么是自卑，自信和自卑就会对应起来，孩子就能理解自信应该是怎么样，什么是自卑。接下去有不同的表现，三岁时候自卑是什么表现，五岁孩子自卑是什么表现，这是不一样的。我认为家长要教育好孩子，首先爱心和耐心非常重要，但是选择好的教材，选择好的专家指导，选择好的幼儿园也是非常重要的，因为毕竟家长不是学心理学和教育学的，所以他的盲目性有时候我们是可以理解的，但是这对孩子的影响非常大。家长的教育必须科学起来。

For example tell a story，The story needs to have continuity，To have a choice，For example today you teach children self-confidence，Tomorrow I will be speaking to teach children know what is self-abased，Self-confidence and inferiority will corresponding up，Children can understand confidence should be，What is inferior。The next have different performance，By age three inferiority is what performance，Five years old children inferiority is what performance，This is not the same。I think parents should education good boy，First love and patience is very important，But choose the good teaching materials，Choose good expert guidance，Choose good kindergarten is also very important，Because after all, parents do not learn psychology and pedagogy，So his blindness sometimes we is understandable，But this to the child the influence is very big。Parents' education must be scientific up。