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　　选择中考复读的学生，由于中考成绩不佳无缘高中，又不愿意进入中等职业学校就读的学生占据了绝大部分。对于他们来讲，中考复读似乎是其逃避职业学校的一根稻草。

Choose tests answer read students，Because of poor grades, tests for high school，They are not willing to enter the secondary vocational school students occupied most of the。For them, too，Mid-term exam answer read seems to be its escape vocational school a straw。

　　其实，早自“十五”规划以来，职业教育便开始受到重视。经过10余年的发展，目前，北京市职业教育的办学条件、师资水平、教学设备都发生了非常大的变化。然而无奈的是，每当学生、家长面临选择时，职业教育都不得不作为最后一个选项。

In fact，Since the early“15”Since planning，Vocational education began to attention。After 10 years of development，At present，Beijing vocational education of school running conditions、Teachers' level、Teaching equipment is changed a lot。However is helpless，Whenever students、When facing choice parents，Vocational education have to as the last option。

　　那么，面对不同类型的学生，是复读更适合他们，还是职业教育更有发展前景？不愿意进职校，是因为其校风、教学质量不尽如人意，还是家长的固有观念没有转变？记者采访了北京教育科学研究院副院长吴晓川。

so，In the face of different types of students，Is the answer read more suitable for them，Or vocational education more prospects for development？Don't want to enter vocational school，Because the school spirit、Teaching quality is not satisfactory，Parents or the inherent concept no change？The reporter interviewed Beijing education science research institute, vice President of the WuXiaoChuan。

　　

因材施教是职业教育的初衷 Teach students in accordance with their aptitude is professional education of the original intention

　　在中国社会里，家长想让孩子读高中进大学的心情，十分可以理解，但值得家长理性思考。中考复读生的一个明显特点，是分数过低只能去职业学校，但寄希望于复读一年勉强进入高中。“对这部分学生而言，即使复读一年，往往也只能进入普通高中。说实话，对孩子将来的长远发展意义并不大。即使如愿以偿进入大学，可能也达不到家长的预期目标。”吴晓川副院长表示，与其这样，不如直接选择职业学校就读。

In Chinese society，The parents want to let the child read high school into the mood of the university，Very can understand，But worth parents rational thinking。Born of mid-term exam answer read a distinct characteristic，Mark is too low can only go to a vocational school，But hope that answer read a year forced into high school。“For this part of the student，Even if the answer read a year，Often can only enter the ordinary high school。To tell you the truth，To the child future long-term development significance is not great。Even if the favorableness to enter university，Parents may also can not reach the anticipated goal。”WuXiaoChuan vice President said，Instead of such，As the direct selection vocational school。

　　之所以如此建议，是因为职业学校的人才培养模式跟普通高中不同，成绩不好的孩子完全有可能成为这里的能手。“它强调的是基础理论为操作实践服务，对理论的要求是‘够用为度’。这种模式培养出来的人才，完全适合在生产第一线工作。”吴副院长提出，如果孩子的动手能力较强，不善于单纯进行枯燥的理论知识学习，职业教育这种培养模式可能正与他的智能特点相吻合，因材施教往往能带来意想不到的效果。

The reason for this suggestion，Because vocational school personnel training mode with ordinary high school is different，Bad grades children could become the expert。“The emphasis is on the basic theory as the operating practice service，The theoretical demand is‘For sufficient degree’。This model the talents cultivated，Completely suitable for production of the first line work。”WuFu dean put forward，If the child's beginning ability strong，Not very good at simple on boring theory knowledge，Vocational education the training mode may be with his intelligence consistent characteristics，Teach students in accordance with their aptitude often effect could be better than you thought。

　　据悉，北京市目前有公办职业学校80余所，其中有些学校的办学条件比普通高中还要好。而且，这些学校招生时80%的名额面向北京地区，容量很大。考生即使分数略低一点，也能够选择到理想的职业学校。另外，许多家长担心的孩子不知如何选择专业的问题，也是可以解决的。在职业教育体系里，学生转换学校、专业的余地很大。比如，孩子本来选择的是汽车维修专业，后来发现兴趣不足，或者打算向经营管理方向发展，可以转为汽车销售或向其他专业转型，这就规避了选错专业的风险。

It is reported，Beijing currently has more than 80 public vocational school，Some school running conditions than ordinary high school to be good。and，These school recruit students the number of 80% for Beijing area，Capacity big。The examinee even the score slightly lower，Can also choose to ideal vocational school。In addition，Many parents worry about the children do not know how to choose professional problem，Also can solve。In the vocational education system，School students conversion、Professional room is very big。For example，The child was choice is car maintenance professional，I later found out that lack of interest，Or wanted to develop in the direction of management，Car sales or be able to turn to other professional transformation，This will avoid the wrong choice of professional risk。

　　

同龄人仅有5%处于金字塔尖 Only 5% of their peers in the pyramid peak

　　目前，我国对于人才的界定共分四类：一是党政管理人才，二是科技人才，三是经济管理人才，四是技能型人才。其中，前三类人才的总数，最多占到全部同龄人的30%。而且，这30%当中，真正能够成为杰出科学家、企业家、司局级干部的，在同龄人中所占比例不到5%。

At present，Our country for the definition of talent is divided into four categories：One is the party and government management personnel，The second is scientific and technological personnel，The third is economic management talented personnel，The fourth is skilled talents。the，The total number of three kinds of talents before，All accounting for up to 30% of their peers。and，Among the 30%，Really can become outstanding scientists、entrepreneurs、Department bureau class cadre's，Peers in the proportion of less than 5%。

　　然而，大部分家长并不了解这种社会人才结构，都希望把孩子往科学家、商业领袖的方向培养。这种想法可以理解，但是，30%的比例毕竟有限。如果孩子本身不具备这种素质，最终可能既没有跻身成功，又缺少技能，反而失去了竞争力。

however，Most parents do not understand this kind of social structure of talents，All hope to take the children to the scientists、Business leaders in the direction of the culture。This idea can understand，but，The proportion of 30% co., LTD., after all。If a child itself does not have this quality，Could eventually neither the success，And lack of skills，Instead of losing their competitive edge。

　　“目前，读高中进大学的教育模式，是以培养前三类人群为目标的，而职业教育的人才培养目标是第四类。根据孩子自身的生理特点和兴趣爱好，进行职业教育培养，会让这部分孩子成为操作性工作者中的佼佼者，即技能型人才。”吴晓川副院长表示，因此，如果孩子在智力、性格、兴趣上适合进行操作性工作，那家长就不要强求他们读高中上大学。

“At present，High school into the university education mode，Is among three before training for the target，And vocational education personnel training goal is the fourth class。According to the child's own physiological characteristics and interests，In vocational education training，This part will make children become the top operational workers，Namely skilled talents。”WuXiaoChuan vice President said，therefore，If a child in intelligence、character、Interest in suitable to practical work，The parents don't importune they read high school go to college。

　　而且，随着高等教育的普及，接受了大学教育的人，也不可能都成为前三种人才。在美国，高等教育普及率达到70%以上，大学生毕业后，仍然只有5%能占据社会人才结构的金字塔尖。有些大学毕业生，可能只是去超市做收银员。要是在中国，恐怕大多数家长是不能接受这个结果的。

and，Along with the popularization of higher education，Accept the university education of people，Also can't all be the first three kinds of talents。In the United States，Higher education popularizing rate above 70%，College students after graduation，Still only 5% can occupy the social personnel structure of the pyramid peak。Some university graduates，May be just go to the supermarket to do the cashier。If in China，I'm afraid most parents is can't accept the result。

　　

大量技能型人才来自职业教育 A large number of skilled talents from vocational education

　　“与高等教育普及带来的大学生就业难状况相比，随着经济和社会发展、技术进步的加速，信息化程度的提高，需要技能型人才的岗位越来越多。而且，社会对技能型人才的水平要求也越来越高。”吴晓川副院长表示，再加上技术工人的待遇也水涨船高，甚至超越普通大学毕业生的薪资，尤其是高级技术型人才。比如，载人航天工程中，真正把飞船制造出来的，就是一线的技能型人才。而我国现在的飞船都是单件生产，对技术加工水平的要求非常高。这种技能型人才不是一两年就能培养出来的。又如，大型船舶工程中，船体需要用一块块金属钢板焊接起来，对于质量的要求同样非常严格，对焊接工的技术提出了高标准，只有高级工甚至技师水平的人才能胜任。关键岗位的焊工，月薪也能达到七八千元。

“With the higher education popularity brings college students' employment difficult than condition，With the development of economy and society、The acceleration of technological progress，Informatization degree of increase，Need skilled talents post more and more。and，Society for skilled talents more and more is also high level requirements。”WuXiaoChuan vice President said，Plus technical workers treatment is rising，Even beyond the ordinary university graduates salary，Especially senior technical personnel。For example，Manned space engineering，The spacecraft made real，Is a line of skilled talents。And our country now the ship is single production，The technology level of processing requirements are very high。This kind of skilled talents is not one or two years can turn out。And as，Large ship engineering，Hull need with pieces of metal plate welding up，For the requirements of the quality also is very strict，For welding technology put forward high standards，Only senior worker worker even technician level talented person can do。The key position of the welding，Monthly salary can achieve 78000 yuan。

　　而且，孩子走上职业教育道路，并不代表就是单纯进行操作性工作。在他们的工作岗位上，同样有机会进行创新。“推动科学发展的人有三种，一是进行科学发现和发明工作的如爱迪生，第二种是进行技术创新工作的，第三种则是把技术创新的成果产业化，加工成产品，这三部分缺一不可。我们当然提倡科学发现和发明，但同时也鼓励很多孩子可以成为后两种创新人才。”

and，The child took to vocational education road，Doesn't mean is simple for practical work。In their work，There are also opportunities for innovation。“To promote the scientific development of people there are three，One is the scientific discoveries and inventions work such as Edison，The second is technology innovation of the work，The third is the technology innovation achievements in industrialization，Processed into products，This three parts can be dispensed with。Of course we advocate scientific discoveries and inventions，But at the same time also encouraged many children can be after two kinds of innovative talents。”

　　因此，家长不妨开拓下思路，不一定都要把孩子往顶尖人才的途径输送，如果孩子具备技能型人才的素养，培养好了，将来同样可以有广阔的发展空间。

therefore，Parents might as well under development ideas，Is not always to take the children to the top talent way delivery，If a child has the quality of skilled talents，Cultivate good，The future can also have wide development space。

　　

中、高职教育衔接日益完善 in、Higher vocational education is increasingly perfect cohesion

　　以前，家长、学生不愿意选择职业教育的原因，一是因为放不下把孩子往顶尖人才队伍中输送的想法，另一个是因为中、高职教育之间没有顺畅的升学通道，孩子的继续发展得不到保障。然而，目前这种状况已经有了很大改观。

before，parents、Students don't want to choose the occupation education reason，A because the children can not let go to top talent team delivery idea，Another because of、Higher vocational education are not smooth entrance channel，The continued development of the child is not guaranteed。however，The current situation has had the very big change。

　　尤其在北京，职业教育的现代化程度非常高，一些实验、实训设备，与北京的发展是同步匹配的。很多职业学校培养出的毕业生，能够直接达到中级工、高级工甚至技师的水平。经过三五年的实践锻炼后，就可以成长为优秀的基层管理工作者。

Especially in Beijing，Vocational education modernization degree is very high，Some experiments、Training equipment，With the development of Beijing is synchronous matching。Many vocational schools cultivate graduates，Can directly reach an intermediate work、Senior worker worker even technician level。After 35 years of practice after exercise，Can grow up to be excellent in the basic management section。

　　“更重要的是，中、高职教育的衔接越来越好。每年大约有15%至20%的毕业生可以由中职升入高职，高职毕业后，还有相当一部分可以升入本科高职。所以，在职业教育的道路上，也是可以不断深造的。而且，随着教育改革的推进，这种通道只会变得更宽，学生升入本科高职的概率也将变得更大。”吴晓川副院长提出，中、高职教育衔接状况的改善，可以将这种人才培养模式贯穿始终，使参加职业教育的孩子也能不断成长。从中职到高职，拓展专业技能，适当扩充理论知识，进入本科高职后，再继续深化。

“More important is，in、Higher vocational education goes more and more good。Each year about 15% to 20% of the graduates from secondary vocational schools can to higher vocational，Higher vocational after graduation，There are quite a few can into undergraduate higher vocational。so，In the professional education on the road，Can also be continuously further study。and，Along with the education reform，This channel will only become more wide，The probability of higher vocational students to rise undergraduate course will also become more big。”Vice President of the WuXiaoChuan put forward，in、Higher vocational education cohesion improvements，Can this kind of talent training mode throughout，Make to participate in vocational education child can grow up。From the secondary vocational schools to higher vocational，Develop professional skills，Appropriate expansion theory knowledge，Into the undergraduate course after vocational，Continue to deepen。

　　“不过，职业教育的培养目标仍然和普通高中不同。如，高职毕业生可以做五星级饭店的领班，甚至成长为总经理助理，但是不会成为总经理，总经理必须拥有本科生或硕士生的知识结构。”即使中、高职教育完成了很好的衔接，但也并不能因此改变职业教育的培养目标。

“but，Vocational education training objectives are still and ordinary high school is different。if，Higher vocational graduates can do five-star hotel foreman，Even grow as assistant to the general manager，But won't be the general manager，The general manager must have undergraduate or master's knowledge structure。”Even in、Higher vocational education finished good cohesion，But also can't so change vocational education training objectives。

　　

职业教育应该成为主动选择 Vocational education should become the active choice

　　许多人对于职业教育存有偏见，认为从事技术性工作低人一等，但事实绝非如此。受过职业教育的毕业生，从事的都是高端技术性工作。如，从中职学校汽车维修专业毕业后，是直接进入4S店进行高端汽车维修的，其技术含量相当高，不亚于修飞机。而且，这项工作对毕业生的要求是，至少能达到技师水准，因此对应的工资收入也很高。

Many people for vocational education bias，Think engaged in technical work inferior to others，But this is simply not the case。A vocational education graduates，Is engaged in high-end technical work。if，Secondary vocational school from car maintenance professional after graduation，Is directly into the 4 s store of high-end car maintenance，Its technical content is quite high，No less than repair aircraft。and，This work to the requirements of the graduates is，At least can achieve technician level，So the corresponding wage income is also very high。

　　“每年，北京市新增劳动力为30至40万人，其中本科以上毕业生只占到10万人，最基层的普通劳动者所占比例达到50%，剩下的都是职业教育培养出来的技能型人才。”而目前市场的情况是，高职毕业生就业率可以达到98%，在具体岗位上非常受欢迎。而且，现在培养的人才基本上都是在高端岗位上就业。

“Every year，Beijing new labor for 30 to 400000 people，The bachelor graduates accounted for only 100000 people，The most basic common laborers proportion of up to 50%，The rest is professional education culture out of skilled talents。”And the present market situation is，Higher vocational graduates employment rate can reach 98%，In the post is very popular。and，Now talent basically all is in the high post employment。

　　业内人士表示，随着国内教育改革的深化，职业教育的体系也会越来越清晰。“中考失败去中职，高考失败去高职”的观念早应被抛弃。在某些国家和地区，初中毕业生就会面临平等的两个方向选择，一是向工程型、学术性创新方面发展，二是走职业教育的道路。更重要的是，这两种方式的差异不是用分数的高低进行区分的。

The personage inside course of study says，With the deepening of the reform of the domestic education，Vocational education system will more and more clear。“Tests fail to secondary vocational schools，The university entrance exam failed to higher vocational”Concept should be abandoned。In some countries and regions，Junior high school graduates are faced with equal two direction choice，One is to the engineering type、The development of academic innovation，The second is go vocational education way。More important is，The two ways of difference not with the score height to distinguish the。

　　未来，对于中考生最为理想的状态，是能够在初中毕业前就思考好自己未来的发展方向：是进入高中未来升入大学，还是进入职业学校未来成为技能型人才。这两条道路是平行的关系，不存在好坏、高低之分，全由学生根据自身特点和职业规划进行选择。当然，这种理想的状态自然需要随着教育改革的深化而慢慢推进。

The future，For the ideal state of the examinee，Can be in the junior high school graduation before you think about their future development direction：The future is in high school to university，Or into the vocational school in the future become skilled talents。The two road is parallel relationship，Does not exist good or bad、Discretion points，All the students according to their own characteristics and career planning of choice。Of course，This kind of ideal state natural need with the deepening of the reform of the education and slowly propulsion。

　　(来源:北京晚报)

(Sources: Beijing evening news)