（新华视点）录取线180分，仍有高校招不满高职院校“生源危机”持续加深 （Xinhua viewpoint）Admission line 180 points，There are still college recruit dissatisfaction with higher vocational colleges“Germ crisis”Continued to deepen

　　新华网济南8月21日电（“新华视点”记者王海鹰、娄辰、叶婧）录取线降到180分，仍有5万个招生计划落空，创近年来的新低……今年高职院校招生再度遇冷。山东一所高职院校招生办主任坦承：“我们感受到了阵阵寒意。”教育专家指出，生源紧缺可能让一些高校面临艰难处境，但对教育事业来说，却是一个转型良机。

Xinhuanet jinan August 21 (Reuters)（“Xinhua viewpoint”Reporter WangHaiYing、LouChen、YeJing）Admission line to 180 points，There are still 50000 enrollment plan failed，And low in recent years……Higher vocational college recruit students this year in cold again。Shandong a vocational colleges admission office director admits：“We felt a chill。”Education experts point out that，Students may make some shortage of university faces difficult situation，But to education for business，It is a transition opportunities。

高职院校难“吃饱”：5万个招生计划落空 Higher vocational colleges difficult“Eat satisfied”：50000 to recruit students to plan failed

　　17日下午，山东省教育考试院召开新闻发布会，公布了今年高考录取情况。据统计，在最后一个批次投档中，共有约5万个招生计划落空，比去年增加了约1万人。虽然录取线已降到180分，但仍有96所学校三次投档竟无一人报考，共涉及1211个招生计划。

17 afternoon，Shandong education examination yuan at a news conference，Announced this year the university entrance exam admission situation。According to the statistics，In the last batch of cast archives，There were about 50000 to recruit students to plan a fall to the ground，More than last year, about 10000 people。Although the admission line has fallen to 180 points，But there are still 96 schools three times to cast archives have no one to enter oneself for an examination，Inoled a total of 1211 to recruit students to plan。

　　山东一所高职院校的招生人员说，作为招生一线的老师，今年高考结束后他走遍了山东大多数县市区，还有周边省市的一些生源大县。“尽管我们有思想准备，但实际情况比我们预想的还要严峻，一半的招生计划都没有完成。”

Shandong a vocational college admissions officers said，As the recruitment of students a line of the teacher，This year the university entrance exam at the end of the wing through shandong most，And surrounding provinces and cities and some students county。“Although we have prepared，But the actual situation than we have thought serious，Half of the enrollment plan did not finish。”

　　生源危机并非山东独有。根据各地招考部门陆续公布的数据，广东、河南、河北等省份均出现了招生难现象。

The crisis is not only students in shandong。According to the regional admit by examination department has published data，guangdong、henan、Hebei provinces all appear the phenomenon of hard enrollment。

　　“如果没有最低分数线卡着，我们愿意接收所有的高中生，就是不管你考多少分，想来就能来。”山东一所高职院校招生办负责人说。山东省今年专科批次的控制分数线为180分，而高考5科总分值是750分。按百分制来衡量，考生只要能考24分，就能上大学。

“If there is no minimum score the card，We would like to receive all the students of senior high schools，Is whether you take an examination of how many points，Wants to come you can come。”Shandong a vocational colleges admission office officials said。In shandong province this year specialized subject batch control fractional line is 180 points，And the university entrance exam score 5 families value is 750 points。According to the points to measure，The examinee as long as can take an examination of 24 points，Can the university。

　　事实上，最低控制分数线并不是真正意义上的“底线”，一些省份在征集志愿时采取了降分备档措施，突破了最低控制分数线。河南省在高职高专二批征集志愿时，对生源不足的学校降20分备档，对缺额较大的学校降40分备档。河南省今年专科二批的控制分数线为190分，是9年来的最低纪录。

In fact，The minimum control fractional line is not real“Bottom line”，Some provinces in the solicitation volunteer when taken drop points for gear measures，Breakthrough the minimum control fractional line。Higher vocational colleges of henan province in the second batch of solicitation volunteer when，For the lack of students school drop 20 points for gear，To under large school drop 40 points for gear。Henan college this year two batch control fractional line is 190 points，Is the lowest on record for nine years。

　　业内人士分析，这么低的分数线，其实线下考生已经寥寥无几。基本上可以说，只要参加了高考，想上大学就能上。据教育部统计，今年全国普通高校招生计划为685万人，预计全国平均录取率将超过75%。某些省份的录取率甚至达到90%，绝大多数学生不愁没大学上。

Analysis of the personage inside course of，Such a low score，In fact offline examinee has very few。Basically can say，As long as attended the university entrance exam，Want to go to university to go to。According to the ministry of education statistics，This year the national ordinary university enrollment plan for 6.85 million people，Acceptance rates at the top colleges were the national average is expected to more than 75%。Acceptance rates at the top colleges were in some provinces even reached 90%，Most of the students one need not worry about the university。

重点高校“掐尖”，专科学校“保量”：高等教育成买方市场？ universities“QiaJian”，school“quality”：Higher education into the buyer's market？

　　一些高等学校招不满学生，是否意味着我国高等教育资源出现了过剩？

Some high school students recruit dissatisfaction，Does that mean our higher education resources appeared excess？

　　教育界一些人士认为，重点高校“掐尖”，专科学校“保量”，近几年高校争抢生源一年比一年激烈，这说明我国高等教育已经进入了优质生源有限、高教资源相对过剩的时期，高等教育“买方市场”已经形成。

Some people think that education，universities“QiaJian”，school“quality”，In recent years for university students in a fierce than a year，This shows that our country's higher education has entered the high quality students limited、Higher education resources relative excess period，Higher education“Buyer's market”Has been formed。

　　但也有专家持不同看法。山东省英才学院院长夏季亭分析，几个关键词可以概括生源出现危机的原因，一是“减少”，即适龄人口减少；二是“增加”，即留学人员增加，去上国外大学的人多了；三是“分流”，即中等职业院校的分流，这些年我国中等职业院校在校生人数不断增加，相应的普通高中在校生减少，参加高考的人数也随之减少；四是“放弃”，即有些学生放弃高考。

But experts hold different opinions。Shandong elite, dean of the college of summer pavilion analysis，Several key words can be summarized the cause of the crisis of students，One is“reduce”，Namely school-age population decrease；The second is“increase”，Students studying abroad is increasing，To go to abroad to the university；The third is“shunt”，Namely secondary vocational colleges shunt，Over the years our country medium vocational colleges, the number of students increased，The corresponding ordinary high school student to reduce，The number of people participate in college entrance examination will be reduced；The fourth is“Give up”，That is some students give up the university entrance exam。

　　山东大学高等教育研究中心副主任刘志业说，看一个国家高等教育资源是否过剩应主要参考高等教育毛入学率指标，它是指高等教育在学人数与适龄人口（18岁～22岁）之比。

Shandong university higher education research center deputy director LiuZhiYe said，See a national higher education resources should be the main reference whether excess of higher education, such as gross enrollment rate index，It refers to the number of higher education learning with school-age population（18 ~ 22,）Ratio of。

　　按照国际通行标准，这个比值在15%以下为精英教育，15%至45%之间为大众化教育，超过45%为全民高等教育即普及教育。西方发达国家在上世纪八九十年代逐渐进入了高等教育普及化时代，而根据教育部的数据，我国2011年的高等教育毛入学率为26.9%。

According to international popular standard，This ratio under 15% for elite education，Between 15% and 45% for the popular education，More than 45% of higher education for the whole people is popular education。The western developed countries in the s and s gradually into the higher education universalness era，According to the ministry of education figures，Our country in 2011 the higher education, such as gross enrollment rate is 26.9%。

　　一方面，高职院校毕业生难就业，另一方面，社会适应性人才又奇缺。“高校毕业生就业难主要表现为严重的结构性过剩。从高等教育自身来讲，主要是一些高校办学理念、专业与课程设置及人才培养模式脱离了市场和社会的需求，致使培养出来的毕业生不能符合企业对人才规格与质量的要求。”山东英才学院副院长刘存刚说。

On the one hand，Graduates from higher vocational colleges difficult employment，On the other hand，Social adaptability talents and famine。“The employment of college graduates difficult main show is serious structural surplus。From higher education themselves，The main idea is that some universities、Professional and course setting and talent training mode from the market and social needs，The trained graduates can't conform to the enterprise to talented person specification and quality requirements。”Shandong elite, vice President of the college LiuCunGang said。

不转型“死路一条”，差异化竞争是根本 Don't transformation“die”，Differentiated competition is fundamental

　　整个国家的高等教育毛入学率并不是很高，为什么高校就招不满学生了呢？夏季亭说，留学人员爆炸性增长和放弃高考人数不断增加，是“异常”的现象。“多年来我国高等教育主要是走规模扩张的路子，而高等教育的生命－－办学质量出现了下滑。”

The whole country's higher education, such as gross enrollment rate and is not very high，Why college will provoke malcontent student？Summer pavilion said，Students studying abroad explosive growth and give up the university entrance exam number increases ceaselessly，is“anomaly”phenomenon。“For many years China's higher education is mainly go scale expansion way，And the higher education's life - the quality have declined。”

　　据一些大学生反映，有些高职院校为了节省水电暖费用，每年长时间给学生放假，暑假能放3个月，寒假放2个月，根本不能保证正常的教学时间；还有的学校师资力量严重不足，基本依靠外聘研究生充当任课教师；还有的学校缺乏实训设施，一些操作类的课程只能“纸上谈兵”。

According to some students reflect，Some higher vocational colleges in order to save water and electricity warm cost，To give students a year long time off，Summer vacation can put 3 months，Winter vacation put 2 months，Can't guarantee the normal teaching time；Some school teachers seriously insufficient，Basic depend on external graduate students act as teachers；There are schools lack of training facilities，Some operation type of course only“Be an armchair strategist”。

　　教学质量差直接影响就业。山东菏泽市鄄城县农民吴福位的女儿从山东一所医学类高职院校毕业已经5年了，至今没有找到正式的工作。

Teaching quality is poor directly affects the employment。Shandong heze city JuanChengXian farmers WuFu a daughter from shandong a medical higher vocational college graduate already five years，So far found no formal job。

　　山东省教育厅有关人士认为，生源大幅减少，将带来高等教育市场的洗牌。一批招不到学生的高校将面临淘汰，不注重师资队伍和基本教学条件建设、管理跟不上、就业不受社会认可的高校，将成为这一形势下的“ST”。

Shandong provincial officials say，Sharply reduce the number of students，Will bring higher education market shuffle。A group of recruit students of university will face not eliminated，Don't pay attention to teachers team and the basic construction of teaching conditions、Management couldn't keep up with、Employment not affected by social acceptance in the university，Will become the situation“ST”。

　　“一些高等院校需要尽快转型，”专家表示，生源危机兵临城下，过去“大而全”的粗放发展模式不再适用，高校应当尽快加强内涵建设，培养特色专业、优势专业，形成自己的核心竞争力。

“Some institutions of higher learning need to transition as soon as possible，”Experts say，Students crisis enemy at the gate，In the past“big”The extensive development model is no longer applicable，Colleges and universities ought to strengthen the connotation construction as soon as possible，Training characteristics professional、Advantage majors，Form their own core competitiveness。

　　“对于高职院校来说，当务之急是实现差异化竞争，加强校企合作，提高技能型人才的培养质量。高校转型的过程会很痛苦，但不转就只有死路一条。”刘志业说。

“For for higher vocational colleges，The urgent task is to realize differentiated competition，Strengthening the cooperation between colleges and，Improve the skilled talents' training quality。The transformation of the process can be a pain，But not turn only one。”LiuZhiYe said。

　　(来源:新华网)

(Sources: xinhua)