谁会成为“异地高考”政策首批受益者 Who will be"Different college entrance examination"Policy the first beneficiaries

　　教育要追求的两大目标，孔子在2000多年前已经提出：“有教无类”与“因材施教”。前者有关教育公平，后者重在解决教育的效率。日前，国务院转发了教育部等四部委《关于做好进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试工作的意见》(以下简称《意见》)，可以理解为，这是我国政府为促进“有教无类”的实现而迈出的重要一步。

Education to the pursuit of the two major goals,Confucius over 2000 years ago have been put forward:"No child left behind"and"Teach students in accordance with their aptitude".The former relevant education fair,The latter focuses on solve the education efficiency.a,The ministry of education of the state council forward four ministries and commissions[The preparation for migrant workers SuiQian children receive compulsory education after the local attend school entrance examination opinions](Hereinafter referred to as[opinion]),Can be understood as,This is our country government to promote"No child left behind"And the realization of a significant step forward.

　　随着“进城务工人员随迁子女”在当地接受义务教育的问题得到初步解决，为他们提供在当地参加中考和高考的机会，应该是顺理成章之事，也是大势所趋。很显然，要求一名在北京或上海等地读完小学、初中的孩子回到他的户籍所在地(一个与他有千丝万缕关系但却很陌生的地方)参加高考，既有失公平，也不够人道，必然会在这些家长与孩子心中埋下对社会不满的种子。

with"Migrant workers SuiQian children"In the local receive compulsory education problem get preliminary solution,To offer them to participate in college entrance examination in the local mid-term exam and opportunity,Should be the logical,Is also the trend of The Times.obviously,Asked for a name in Beijing or Shanghai finished primary school/Junior high school children back to his census register seat(A and he has countless ties relation but it is strange place)Participate in college entrance examination,Fair both,Also not enough humanitarian,Must be in these parents and children buried in the heart of the seeds of social discontent.

　　因此，《意见》认为，进一步做好随迁子女升学考试工作，“是坚持以人为本、保障进城务工人员随迁子女受教育权利、促进教育公平的客观要求，对于保障和改善民生、加强和创新社会管理、维护社会和谐具有重要意义”。

therefore,[opinion]think,Further work SuiQian children eleven-plus work,"Is to adhere to the people-oriented/Security of rural migrant workers in SuiQian children education rights/To promote the education fair objective requirements,To protect and improve the livelihood of the people/To strengthen the social management and innovation/To maintain social harmony has important significance".

　　目前，许多家长正翘首以待2012年年底的到来。因为按照《意见》的要求，各地原则上应在今年年内制定、出台随迁子女升学考试的具体政策。但遗憾的是，受高考制度、户籍制度、教育资源按户籍人口配置的管理制度以及流动人口管理制度等多种因素制约，在短期内，即将出台的那些政策恐怕还难以惠及所有进城务工人员随迁子女。

At present,Many parents are very much awaited the arrival of the end of 2012.Because according to[opinion]requirements,In principle all shall be formulated in this year/SuiQian children on the entrance exam of the specific policy.But it is a pity that,College entrance examination system by/The household registration system/Education resources according to census register population configuration management system and the management system of the floating population and so on the many kinds of factors,In the short term,The policy is about to come on I'm afraid it is difficult to benefit all migrant workers SuiQian children.

　　以广东为例，据媒体报道，目前在该省接受义务教育的外省户籍学生约171万人。“如果异地高考完全放开，高中阶段教育，每年需要新增19万个学位，土地、师资等都难以一次性解决。如果要保持广东目前80%左右的高考录取率不下降，每年要增加15.2万个招生计划，这部分招生计划无论是省内解决，还是靠外省院校调剂，几乎都是‘不可能完成的任务"。而北京、上海、天津等高考录取分数较低的直辖市，显然还远未做好准备，迎接“异地高考”大门的敞开。

In guangdong province as an example,According to media reports,At present in the province to receive compulsory education from other provinces census register students about 1.71 million people."If different the university entrance exam completely let go,High school education,Need to add a year 190000 degree,land/Teachers are hard to one-time solve.If you want to keep guangdong at present 80% left and right sides of the university entrance exam does not fall the acceptance rate,Every year 152000 to increase enrollment plan,This part of the province to recruit students to plan whether to solve,Or by provincial colleges and universities dispensing,Are almost‘Mission impossible".And the Beijing/Shanghai/Tianjin college entrance examination admission score lower municipality,Apparently is still far from ready,meet"Different college entrance examination"The gate open.

　　“进城务工人员随迁子女”是一个庞大到再也无法让人忽视的群体。据统计，全国在流入地接受义务教育的流动儿童有1260.97万人，包括小学阶段的936.74万人。如何实现多赢，既要确保这些孩子受教育的权利与机会，又能促进人口合理有序流动；还要顾及到人口流入地教育资源承载能力，而且不影响当地户籍生源的教育质量等，这需要时间，也考验着政策制定者的胸怀、智慧与勇气。

"Migrant workers SuiQian children"Is a huge to never let a person ignore groups.According to the statistics,The defined in accept compulsory education of the floating children's 12.6097 million people,Including primary stage of the 9.3674 million people.How to achieve win-win,It is necessary to make sure that these children by education rights and opportunities,And can promote the rational and orderly flow of population;In consideration of the population and defined the education resources carrying capacity,And do not affect local census register of source of student education quality, etc,It takes time,The policy makers also test the mind/Wisdom and courage.

　　《意见》要求各地“因地制宜”，根据城市功能定位、产业结构布局和城市资源承载能力，根据进城务工人员在当地的合法稳定职业、合法稳定住所(含租赁)，按照国家规定参加社会保险年限，以及随迁子女在当地连续就学年限等情况，制定具体办法，便是考虑到了这个问题的复杂性，也不可避免地会设置准入的门槛。

[opinion]Requires all"Adjust measures to local conditions",According to the city function orientation/The industrial structure layout and city resources carrying capacity,According to the migrant workers in the local legal stable occupation/Legal stable residence(Including lease),In accordance with state regulations, attend social insurance fixed number of year,And SuiQian children learn in local continuous fixed number of year, etc,Formulate concrete measures,Is considered the complexity of the problem,Also inevitably set access threshold.

　　当一项政策无法“毕其功于一役”，让所有的利益相关方在短期内“利益均沾”，那么，让一部分人先受益，再逐步惠及到更大群体，其实是推行某项改革举措的必经途径。问题是，谁才有资格首先受益？

When a policy can't"time",Let all interested parties in the short term"Participation of interests",so,Let some people to benefit,Then gradually benefit to a large group,It is carrying out a reform measures the necessary way.The problem is,Who only then has the qualifications to the first to benefit?

　　我们要警惕在试图解决某种不公平的同时，制造另一种不公。有媒体报道，上海“异地高考”政策将参考“家长贡献度”。上海市教委主任薛明扬此前也强调，“异地高考”适用人群有一个根本原则，就是随迁子女的家长必须有固定的工作岗位，“对这个城市有很大的贡献”。目前，有10类非沪籍考生可以报名参加上海高考，主要集中在精英人士子女，包括上海引进海外高层次人才子女(即国家和上海市的“千人计划”)、外国侨民、经市政府合作交流办等部门认定的市外在沪工作人员子女等。

We must keep an eye out for in trying to solve some unfair at the same time,Making another kind of injustice.Media reports,Shanghai"Different college entrance examination"Policy will reference"Parents contribution".Shanghai municipal education commission director XueMingYang previously stressed,"Different college entrance examination"Applicable people have a fundamental principle,Is SuiQian children's parents must have fixed work,"The city has made great contributions".At present,There are 10 kind of Shanghai nationality examinee can sign up to participate in Shanghai college entrance examination,Mainly concentrated in the elite children,Including Shanghai introducing overseas high-level talents children(The national and Shanghai"One thousand people plan")/Foreign nationals/The city government cooperation do departments recognition of the city outside Shanghai staff such as children.

　　此次各地制定有关办法时，应该避免这种以职业贵贱区分贡献大小，从而将占进城务工人员主体的农民工子女排除在外的做法。同时，也应该大力防止此类政策成为某些人利用权力和金钱制造“高考移民”的“良机”。

Around the formulate relevant way,Should avoid this career and distinguish contribution,Thus will make up the subject of migrant workers migrant children excluded practice.At the same time,Also should make great efforts to prevent such policy become some people use the power and money manufacturing"College entrance examination immigrant"of"opportunities".

　　在一定的时期内，当教育资源尚无法满足所有相关人士需求的时候，我们可以设置准入门槛，前提是公平、公正、公开，不论出身、职业、财富和地位，这样，才能将社会的怨气降至最低。

In a certain period of time,When education resources is still unable to meet all the needs of the relevant personage,We can set admittance threshold,Premise is fair/justice/public,Whether born/professional/Wealth and status,this,Can the social grievances drop to the minimum.

　　(来源:中国青年报)

(Source: China youth daily)