凡是来过方书贤办公室的人，都会不自觉地问他：“你真是教研室唯一的‘党代表’？”

Those who were come to the people in the office,Will not consciously asked him:"You are the only teaching and research section‘delegates’?"

　　方书贤已在河南开封市某所中学待了22年，现任该校数学教研组组长。他的身边曾先后来过5个男教师，但几乎是每两年走一个。如今的教研室，除他以外，其他13位教师都是清一色的女将。

The prescription books in henan kaifeng has a middle school for 22 years,The current mathematics teaching and research group leader.His side has been to five male teachers,But almost every two years go a.Today's teaching and research section,Besides him,Other 13 teachers are invariably virgin.

　　对方随即再问：“他们为什么会走？” Each other and then ask again:"Why do they go?"

　　方书贤像背书一样反复讲起这样一个场景：每年，市教委都会为单身青年教师专门开展一些联谊活动，除学校之外，其他参与的部门多是政府机关或企事业单位。联谊会的保留项目是跳舞，女伴多是学校的女教师，而男伴则通常是那些外来单位的“有为男青年”。

The prescription books like endorsement as broken up such a scene:Every year,Municipal education commission will be for single young teachers to carry out some special fellowship activities,Except outside the school,Other in many departments is the government authority or enterprise or business the unit.The association reserves project is dancing,Girl is female teacher of the school,And male companion is usually those foreign units"Promising young men".

　　男教师去哪里了？方书贤自问自答：作为“香饽饽”的女教师看不上男教师，公务员嫌弃自己挣得少，和做生意的又谈不来。无奈之下，男教师都躲在舞厅的角落里，和同事喝着闷酒。

Male teachers where to go?The ask ourselves from a prescription books:as"favourite"Female teachers were male teachers,Civil servants abandon their earning less,And business and talk about not to come.Helpless under,Male teachers were hiding in the ballroom in the corner,And his colleagues drinking MenJiu.

　　会后，总有一些年轻男教师向老大哥方书贤抱怨：“我热爱这个职业，我愿意为它‘牺牲’，可是我的家庭谁来支撑？”

After the meeting,There is always some young male teachers were to big brother Yin complain:"I love this profession,I would like to for it‘sacrifice’,But my family who will support?"

　　在方书贤看来，这般无奈的反问足以解释“他们为什么会走？”

In the recipe books seems,So helpless ask enough to explain"Why do they go?"

　　不过，按照北京师范大学《中国中小学教师发展报告（2012）》（以下称报告）的数据统计，一个矛盾的现象出现了：一方面是近10年来中小学男教师所占比例愈来愈小；另一方面，教师整体收入水平在不断提高。

but,According to Beijing normal university[Chinese primary and middle school teachers development report(2012)](The report says)Data statistics,A contradictory phenomenon appeared:On the one hand is nearly 10 years of primary and secondary schools the proportion of male teachers become more and more small;On the other hand,Teachers' income level continuously improve.

　　仅仅以收入差异或男女择业观为缘由，难以解释男教师的“逃离”。

Only to income differences between men and women or corrected for the reason,Difficult to explain the male teachers"Escape from".

经济越发达的地区，教师职业对男性的吸引力越弱 The more developed economic areas,Teachers' professional male attraction to the weak

　　收入是令男教师“逃离”的一个因素。日本中小学男教师的比例比中国高出近10个百分点，按照日本川口市一位小学教师的说法，日本从事义务教育的教职工的工资要比一般公务员高，因为除了工资，他们每个月还有各种名目的津贴；中国尽管已经作出规定，教师工资参照公务员标准，但各地情况不同，以开封为例，一位小学教师介绍，教师月薪最高能达到3000元左右，而当地公务员可拿到四五千元。

Income is make male teachers"Escape from"A factor.The proportion of male teachers elementary and junior high students nearly 10% higher than in China,According to Japanese kawaguchi city a primary school teacher said,Japan is engaged in the compulsory education of the staff salary than general civil servants high,Because in addition to the salary,They each month and all kinds of name purpose allowance;China although has stipulated,Teachers' salary standard reference civil servants,But each district is different,In kaifeng, for example,A primary school teacher is introduced,Teachers can achieve the highest monthly salary of 3000 yuan,And the local civil servants can get four or yuan.

　　北师大这份报告的课题组负责人、北京师范大学教授曾晓东在接受中国青年报记者采访时表示，如果只以收入、待遇指标来论男性的职业选择会十分片面，既不符合事实，也会将问题极端化。

Beijing normal university the report group chief/Professor of Beijing normal university CengXiaoDong in accepting the China youth daily reporter to interview said,If only to income/Treatment of indicators to theory male career choice very one-sided,Do not accord with the fact,Will also extreme problem.

　　事实上，这一报告除了透露10年来男女教师比例的变化外，还涉及一个重要的数据差异，即以城、镇、乡为指标，不同地区中小学男女教师的比例

In fact,The report revealed that in addition to 10 years the proportion of male and female teachers change outside,Also involves an important data difference,Namely to city/town/Township for index,Primary and secondary schools in different parts of the proportion of male and female teachers

　　城市教师队伍更为“女性化”，县镇次之，农村学校中女性教师所占比例最小。具体而言，在小学阶段，城、镇、乡小学女性教师相应的比例为79.39%、68.16%和46.11%；在初中阶段，城、镇、乡初中女性教师的比例分别为64.4%、47.88%和41.67%。一个更为明显的对比是，北京、上海、广州2009年小学专任女教师所占比例分别是74.4%、74.21%、61.74%，而贵州、云南、西藏则分别是43.66%、46.56%和49.15%。

The city more teachers"feminine",County town times,Rural schools in the proportion of female teachers minimum.In particular,In the primary stage,city/town/Township primary female teachers corresponding proportion is 79.39%/68.16% and 46.11%;In the junior middle school stage,city/town/Township junior high school female teachers to 64.4%/47.88% and 41.67%.A more obvious contrast is,Beijing/Shanghai/Guangzhou 2009 elementary school teachers full-time female proportion respectively is 74.4%/74.21%/61.74%,And guizhou/yunnan/Tibet is 43.66% respectively/46.56% and 49.15%.

　　从报告可以看出，经济越发达的地区，教师职业对男生的吸引力越弱。

Can be seen from the report,The more developed economic areas,Teachers' professional to boy's attraction is weak.

　　对农村男教师所占比重更大的一种解释是，在多数经济和文化较为落后的地方，能将义务教育读完，乃至走出去读书的多是男性。相应地，整个农村文化程度较高的也多是男性，他们中没能走出老家的一部分人便留在当地做起教师，撑起了乡村的师资队伍。

On the rural male teachers more proportion of a kind of explanation is,In most economic and cultural relatively backward place,Can read obligation education,And even go out of reading is more than men.accordingly,The whole countryside culture of high degree also are male,They didn't come out of their hometown a part of people will stay in local teachers start,Hold up the countryside teachers team.

　　留给经济发达地区的则是一个追问：一些大城市给中小学教师的待遇已是十分优越，以北京一些重点中学为例，招收教师的门槛有的抬升至硕士学历，相应的待遇则是解决户口、宿舍加5000元的中等月薪，为何仍受不到男性的青睐？

For the economic developed areas is a cross-examine:Some of the big cities to primary and secondary school teachers has the treatment is very superior,Some key middle school in Beijing as an example,Recruit teachers' threshold some uplift to master degree,The corresponding treatment is solve registered permanent residence/Dormitory add 5000 yuan a month of medium,Why still be less than male favour?

　　曾晓东的分析是，一方面，全国教师等级工资是一致的，即使在北京、上海这些生活成本很高的城市也只是多一些津贴补贴。换句话，与同在一所城市的其他职业相比，教师的工资待遇“仍抬不起头来”；更为重要的是，大城市工作机会多，男性选择的余地更大。

CengXiaoDong analysis is,On the one hand,The national teachers level salary is consistent,Even in Beijing/Shanghai these living costs high cities also just more subsidies and allowances.In other words,And with a city other than career,Teachers' salary"Still can't lift head";More important is,Big cities more job opportunities,Male option more big.

　　当然，这也就涉及择业观念和社会地位的因素。用方书贤的话来说，“男人要面子，对象都难找的工作，即便钱给的多了些也没人愿意去。”

Of course,This also is involved in their ideas and social status factors.Use the words were,"Man hadn,Objects are difficult to find work,Even if money to more some also didn't want to."

除了教书还是教书，老师成了“套中人” In addition to teaching or teaching,The teacher was"Set of human"

　　方书贤的说法并不夸张。根据中国社会科学研究院社会学研究所《当代中国社会的声望分层职业声望与社会经济地位指数测量》报告显示，大学教师排在第8名，中学教师排在12名，小学老师则排在第35名。而工程师排第4名，外企经理第10名，银行出纳员排在22名。

The prescription books that is no exaggeration.According to the Chinese academy of social sciences institute of sociology[The popularity of the contemporary Chinese society stratification occupational prestige and social economic status index measurement]The report shows that,University teachers row in the eighth name,High school teachers row at 12,Elementary school teachers were row at the 35th name.And the fourth row engineer,Foreign manager name 10,Bank teller row at 22.

　　深圳市翰林学校语文教师武宏伟对此深有感触：“教师的社会认同度太低，家长对老师的尊重大多停留在教他孩子的那会儿。”而就教师职业的成长空间而言，因其过于“狭窄”、“难有进步”也让一些男教师望而生畏。

Shenzhen the academician school language teacher this WuHongWei emotionally:"Teacher's social identity is too low,Parents respect to teachers are mostly applied in his child's that moment."And teachers' professional growth in space,Because its too"narrow"/"Difficult to have progress"Also let some male teachers terrified.

　　有一句话在教师圈内广为流传：“one day as a teacher，always a teacher”。对此一个较为夸张、但还算形象的翻译是：“当你踏入教师这个行列后，就像被关在学校这个笼子里，再难与这个社会有过多交集，以至被社会的快速脚步落下，越来越远。”

There is a widespread in the teachers' circle:"One day as a teacher,Always a teacher".This a more exaggerated/But still calculate image translation is:"When you step into the ranks of teachers after,Like be locked up in a school in the cage,More difficult and this society has too many mixed feelings,That is the social rapid steps down,More and more far."

　　这种隐痛并非所有人都能理解。武宏伟说，他曾经向很多非教师职业的朋友诉苦，但朋友多会半开玩笑地回应：“你们有寒暑假，加一起3个月，知足吧。”

This dull pain not everyone can understand.WuHongWei said,He had a lot to FeiJiaoShi professional friends complaint,But a friend at half jokingly response:"You have summer and winter vacations,Together with 3 months,Content,."

　　不身在其中，难解其味。实际上，学校并没有给教师打开社会活动这扇窗。武宏伟发现，30年来的教师生涯，工作日要上课，周末要做继续教育，有时还给学生在家里补课“开小灶”，平日里几乎没有多少时间用来充电。

No body in the,Obscureness its taste.In fact,The school and didn't give the teacher open social activities this window.WuHongWei found,30 years of teacher career,Working days to have a class,The weekend to do continue to education,Sometimes gave the students make up a missed lesson at home"KaiXiaoZao",Daily almost don't have much time to charge.

　　一个研究生时的同学告诉武宏伟，相对于其他领域，教育是个“落后”的部分。以前和这位同学一起做教育的都离开了教师岗位，他们宁愿去中小企业接受未知的挑战，也不愿一直做个“套中人”。在学校里，学生是“有期徒刑”，老师是“无期徒刑”。

A graduate student told the students WuHongWei,Relative to other areas,Education is a"behind"Part of.Before and the classmates do education of all left the teacher post,They would rather go to small and medium-sized enterprise to accept the challenge of the unknown,Also don't want to continue doing a"Set of human".In school,Students are"Fixed-term imprisonment",The teacher is"Life imprisonment".

　　武宏伟本人则告诉记者，如果不是在学校里轮岗做过团委书记、副校长等职务，恐怕自己早对学校失去了感情，“男人要有自己的事业，如果只是教书匠，没了发展空间，真的怕被瞧不起。”

WuHongWei herself told reporters,If it's not in the school work shift done youth corps committee secretary/Vice President, and other job,I'm afraid his early for school lost affection,"Men to have their own career,If only JiaoShuJiang,No space for development,Really afraid were looked down upon."

教师的任务不是简单的培养高分学生 The teacher is not the task of the cultivation of students' simple high score

　　在接受记者采访时，吴国珍起初并不愿意过多谈及男性“逃离”中小学的原因。在这位北京师范大学教师教育专业硕士生导师看来，外在因素列举起来总是简单，而一旦谈及更深层次的内涵原因，一来难以说清楚，二来难以为人信服，

When accepting a reporter to interview,WuGuoZhen at first is not willing to too much about men"Escape from"The cause of the primary and secondary school.In the Beijing normal university teacher education professional master unripe adviser looks,External factors lists up always simple,And once talked about the connotation of the deeper reasons,Way to clear,Secondly is difficult to convince a,

　　吴国珍所说的“内涵原因”简单来说，就是男性在选择教师职业时所憧憬的教育抱负，以及现实教育环境对其的“扼杀”。

WuGuoZhen said"Connotation reason"In simple terms,Is male in choosing teachers vocational education the vision of ambition,And real education environment on its"kill".

　　吴国珍说，愿意为教育牺牲自我，把积攒20年的知识悉数掏给学生的教师大有人在，阻碍他们释放能量的是僵化了的应试教育环境。

WuGuoZhen said,Willing to sacrifice for education,The accumulate 20 years of knowledge to students teachers cut in there,Prevent them to release energy is an ossified exam-oriented education environment.

　　试想如果让一个男人站在课堂上盯着学生们念书，看着他们背书，拼命做练习，这与传统意义上的蜡烛精神相比，完全变了味儿。

Just think if let a man standing at the class staring at the students study,Looked at their endorsement,Try very hard to do exercises,This and the traditional sense of candle than spirit,Completely changed smell.

　　换言之，当下的环境让教育失去了“育人”的血液，只剩下“教书”的躯干，成了“僵化的教育”。在吴国珍看来，一味地追求高分，而不是根据学生特征发展个性，不仅让学生成了机器，老师也成了教书机器，从而真正成了他们所自嘲的“教书匠”了，真正有教育抱负的男人谁甘心于此呢？

In other words,The current environment let education lost"education"blood,only"teaching"torso,became"Rigid education".In WuGuoZhen seems,To achieve high grades blindly,Not according to the student to develop their personality characteristics,Not only let the students became machine,The teacher also became a teaching machine,Thus he became a real they are"JiaoShuJiang"the,Real education ambitious men who voluntarily in this??

　　吴国珍的一位朋友，在北京一所重点中学教语文。刚教了几年，这位男教师便离开这所公办学校，去了一所民办中学。他告诉吴国珍：“我很爱教学，但我不甘于教授作秀的官课。”

A friend of WuGuoZhen,In Beijing a key middle school Chinese teaching.Just taught a few years,The male teachers and left the public schools,Go to a private school.He told WuGuoZhen:"I love teaching,But I don't be willing to show professor ruler of the class."

　　到了民办学校后，这位教师接触到了差生、问题少年等各类学生，他的工作明显要比以前多了许多，除了学习，还要帮助学生解决生活、家庭乃至“人生困惑”等各类问题。但是他很喜欢这种状态，因为“这样的教师生涯才显得完整”。

The private school,The teacher came into contact with the difference to live/Problems of young students,His work is definitely more many,In addition to learning,To help students solve life/Family and even"Life confused"And other kinds of problems.But he liked this state,because"Such a teacher career only complete".

　　中小学男教师所占比重小的现象并非中国独有。一份数据显示，在美国，幼儿园、小学和初中女教师的比例分别为94.7%、86.5%和60.2%；法国小学和初中的女教师分别占到77.7%和62.8%；捷克、匈牙利、意大利、阿根廷和巴西，初中女教师的比例都高达70%以上，有的国家还超过八成。

Primary and secondary school teachers male proportion of small phenomenon is not China's unique.A data display,In the United States,kindergarten/Elementary school and junior high school female teachers to 94.7%/86.5% and 60.2%;The French elementary school and junior high school of female teachers accounted for 77.7% and 62.8% respectively;The Czech republic/Hungary/Italy/Argentina and Brazil,The proportion of junior high school female teachers are as high as 70% above,Some countries are more than eighty percent.

　　学者们对此的解释更多是男性、女性之间兴趣本能的差异：“女的喜欢带孩子，孩子带好了也有成就感。”但除此之外，影响这一问题的因素各国都不尽相同。吴国珍说，就中国而言，值得注意的是应试环境对教师职业“成就感”的影响。

Scholars the explanation is more men/Women in the difference between instinct:"Girls like to take children,Bring the children also have a sense of accomplishment."But in addition,Influence factors of this problem countries are not the same.WuGuoZhen said,In China's case,It is important to note that takes an exam the environment on teachers' professional"achievement"influence.

　　更进一步说，在国内，一些男性对中小学教师岗位的“逃离”，折射的是他们对应试教育环境的价值不认同。

further,In the domestic,Some men to the position of primary and secondary school teachers"Escape from",Refraction is their exam-oriented education environment value does not agree with.

　　北京师范大学李琼教授十分认同的一个观点是：不能让男性觉得进了教师这个行当，就是走“读书进修、考证拿文凭、评职称”的套路，而任务就是培养高分学生。

Beijing normal university professor you very identity a view is:Can't let men think into the teacher the profession,Is go"Reading education/Textual research take the diploma/Professional evaluation"routines,And the task is to cultivate students' high marks.