吴文俊院士(图片来源：资料图) WuWenJun academician(Picture source:Material diagram)

　　

数学大家批判“中国式奥数” Mathematics all criticism"Chinese mathematical olympiad"

　　

中国拿了最多的“奥数金牌”，为什么没有“数学金牌”？ China take the most"Mathematical olympiad gold medal",Why didn't"Mathematical gold medal"?

　　

奥数震动了两位最高科技奖得主 Aoshu shook the two highest technology prize winner

　　一谈起“奥数”，国内当今数学界的泰斗级人物吴文俊院士就急了。

A talk about"aoshu",Domestic today known as masters of the WuWenJun level character academician is nasty.

　　他在沙发上挺直了腰，瞪大眼睛，伸出手掌指指点点：“是害人的，害数学！”

He on the sofa straight back,Stare big eyes,Hand out pointing fingers:"Is Greek,Against mathematical!"

　　“什么奥林匹克？没这回事！”

"What the Olympic?Didn't it!"

　　这位获得过国家最高科技奖的老数学家摆摆手：“奥林匹克数学竞赛不值得讲胡闹了，走上邪路了，非但起不到正面作用，反而起到反面作用。”

The country's supreme eeffect won the old mathematician put a hand:"The Olympic mathematics competitions not worth speaking mischief,Astray to the,Not only the less than positive role,Instead, play a negative role."

　　这是93岁的吴文俊少有的严肃的一面。在数学界他以“老顽童”著称。他已许久没有公开露面。对于“具体的知识”，他形容自己已经知之甚少。

This is a 93 - year - old WuWenJun rare serious side.In the known as he"Old urchin"Is famous for its.He has a long time has not appeared in public.for"The specific knowledge",He describes his little already.

　　接受采访时，他对中国青年报记者声称，自己如今“主要是在看小说”，“各式各样的小说、好看的小说”。

interviews,He to the China youth daily reporter said,Themselves now"Mainly in reading novels","A wide variety of novels/Good novels".

　　他评价“日本的侦探小说有意思”。在他看来，日本侦探小说反映深刻的社会背景，不像英国的福尔摩斯探案系列那样，用一些奇奇怪怪的故事来吸引人。

He evaluation"The Japanese detective novels are interesting".In his view,The Japanese detective novels reflect the deep social background,Unlike Britain that holmes detect.it series,With some weird story to attract people.

　　至于数学上，他认为自己“还可以有所作为”“我想我还可以做一点事情。能够做到多少就不敢说了。”

As for mathematics,He thinks he"Also to be able to serve as somewhat""I think I can do something.Can do many dare not say."

　　喜欢读历史、看小说，这是吴文俊少年时代就有的爱好。包括他在内，众多数学大家屡屡告诫晚辈要涉猎广泛。

Like to read history/Reading a novel,This is WuWenJun boyhood some hobbies.Including him,Many mathematics all cautioned time inferiors to dabble in widely.

　　可事与愿违。一位数学家、中国科学院院士对中国青年报记者说，他连续几年参加高校招生，面试中学生中的佼佼者，不少人出自中学“竞赛班”。他问这些学生业余看些什么书，他们不约而同地回答，“竞赛参考书”。

But contrary to.A mathematician/Academician of the Chinese academy of sciences to the China youth daily reporter said,For several years he attend college enrollment,Interview the top high school students,Many people from the middle school"Competition class".He asked the students amateur to see what books,They happen to coincide to answer,"Competition reference books".

　　“几乎所有人都这么说！如果一两个人这么说也就算了。这个就很严重了。竞赛成了唯一重要的东西了！”这位数学家忧虑地说。

"Almost all people all say so!If one or two people say so also calculated.This is very serious.Competition was the only important thing!"The mathematician anxiously said.

　　面向中学生的国际数学奥林匹克竞赛始于1959年。直到1985年，中国才第一次派学生参赛。然而自此以后，“奥数”在中国的发展超出了数学家们的想象。

For high school students in the international mathematical olympiad began in 1959.Until 1985,China was first sent students participating.But since then,"aoshu"In China's development beyond the imagination of mathematicians.

　　数学家杨乐院士说，奥数本是面向一部分对数学有兴趣的中学生，但现在对数学缺乏兴趣的同学也纷纷加入，有些同学因为负担太重，可能产生逆反心理。

Mathematician YangLe academician said,This is an part of mathematical olympiad of mathematics are interested in high school students,But now to the mathematical lack of interest of the students are also stepping into the breach,Some students because the burden is too heavy,May produce negative mentality.

　　因为升学“有用”，孩子们被送到了各类奥数培训班。

Because studies"useful",The children were sent to the training of mathematical olympiad.

　　80岁的国家最高科技奖得主、航天专家王永志院士对中国青年报记者说，他邀请过约40名学生、家长和教师与自己见面。有孩子对他形容，“受不了了”。也有家长告诉他：“孩子累得都想自杀！”

The 80 - year - old national highest technology prize winner/Space experts WangYongZhi academician of China youth daily reporter said,He invited about 40 students/Parents and teachers meet with oneself.Have children to his description,"Can't stand the".Also have parents told him:"The child was too tired to all want to commit suicide!"

　　去年12月，王永志与中国运载火箭技术研究院青少年科技活动站一起，开展了面向北京市丰台区9所中小学2200多名师生和家长的无记名问卷调查。

Last December,WangYongZhi and China launch vehicle technology research institute youth science and technology HuoDongZhan together,In face, fengtai district, Beijing and middle schools and primary schools more than 2200 teachers and students and parents anonymous questionnaire survey.

　　调查发现，63%的孩子正在参加奥数、英语、作文等各种辅导班、补习班，每人平均参加四五个，多则9个。在一个只有4万多人的街道办事处辖区内，分布着50多家培训机构。一所小学的121名毕业生中，留在本片区中学的仅有20人，101人舍近求远上了其他学校。随着年级增长，戴眼镜的学生人数“直线上升”。

Survey found,63% of the children taking part in mathematical olympiad/English/The composition, etc. Various kinds of remedial class/Cram school,The average person to participate in four or five,, nine.In a only 40000 people of the sub-district offices within their respective jurisdictions,The distribution of more than 50 home training institutions.A primary school of 121 graduates,Stay in this area middle school's only 20 people,101 people to cooperate on the other schools.With the growth of grade,The number of students wear glasses"Straight up".

　　王永志认为，奥数等比赛成绩已经成为名校选拔学生的重要标准，形成了体系外的“小升初”选拔机制。教育资源不平衡的状况虽然无法在短期内改变，但教育主管部门应当严格执行义务教育国家课程标准，严禁升学考试考题超纲。他建议实行问责制，考题超纲的，主管领导问责；擅自将各种考级和竞赛成绩作为招生条件的，校长问责。

WangYongZhi think,Such as mathematical olympiad race has become an important standard selection of school students,Formed outside the system"another"Selection mechanism.Education resources unbalanced condition although cannot be in short-term inside change,But education departments shall strictly implement the compulsory education national curriculum standard,It is strictly prohibited to eleven-plus examination questions superclass.He suggested that implement the accountability system,Examination questions superclass of,The competent leadership accountability;The various accomplishment and competition scores as enrollment conditions,The headmaster accountability.

　　这位著名科学家不赞成“一刀切”取缔奥数等项目。他说，人们的需求千差万别，有人认为学业负担过重，也有人学有余力，辅导班仍有市场。但是教育部门必须釜底抽薪，奥数等竞赛成绩不能与升学挂钩。

The famous scientists do not approve of"One size fits all"Ban aoshu projects.He said,The demand of people differ in thousands ways,Some people think that school burden,Also have human spare capacity,Remedial class still have the market.But education departments must FuDeChouXin,Such as Olympic math competition result can't and bound hook.

　　

小学生提问数学家：奥数有用吗？ Primary school students questions mathematician:Aoshu useful??

　　这与深圳市的中学数学教师刘伟的主张不谋而合。

This and shenzhen high school math teacher liu wei claim happen to coincide.

　　刘伟认为，当务之急是取消奥数获奖免试升学制度。对那些少数有数学兴趣和天赋的学生，可以在自愿的原则下，鼓励他们参加课外兴趣小组，适当做一些奥数题，参加少量的数学竞赛，但不可搞加班加点的强化训练，“让奥数回归业余兴趣的正常状态”。

Liu wei think,The urgent task is to cancel aoshu winning an exemption bound system.For those few have interest in mathematics and gifted students,Can be in under the principle of voluntary,Encourage them to participate in extra-curricular interest groups,Appropriate do some Olympic math problem,To participate in a small amount of mathematics competitions,But do not make work overtime of intensive training,"Let aoshu regression amateur interested in normal condition".

　　刘伟公开批评过，奥数是个“公害”。

Liu wei publicly criticised,Aoshu is a"nuisance".

　　在他曾经任教的一所重点中学，每年录取新生时，都要偷偷地调查全市小学毕业生中有多少奥数获奖者。作为数学老师，刘伟曾被学校派去一个奥数赛场，像“地下工作者”一样，偷偷把获奖名单用相机拍下来，然后私下和每个获奖者联系，动员他们来本校上学，并给他们许多承诺。

He had taught in a key middle school,Each year when the matriculation,All want to secretly survey the whole city elementary school graduates in how many mathematical olympiad winners.As a mathematics teacher,LiuWeiCeng was sent to a school field mathematical olympiad,like"Underground workers"as,The winners secretly with camera down pat,Then private and each winners contact,Mobilize them to the school to go to school,And give them a lot of commitment.

　　这些承诺包括让奥数尖子生进重点班、配备奥数“教练”、免除学费以及物质上的奖励等。刘伟说，全市几所重点中学都用这种办法争夺好学生。有些重点大学就在全国奥数冬令营现场承诺免试录取获奖者。

These commitments including let aoshu top student into major work class/Equipped with mathematical olympiad"coach"/Free tuition and material rewards, etc.Liu wei said,The city a few key middle school in this way for good student.Some key university in the national Olympic math winter promises the enrollment winners.

　　但刘伟指出，奥数获奖只给这些学生起了升学敲门砖的作用，升入大学之后，这块“砖”往往就被扔掉。奥数没能让他们喜欢上数学。许多奥数学生不上体育、音乐、美术等课，长期做偏题怪题，参加大量的奥数训练和考试，“纯真的好奇心的火花渐渐地熄灭了”。

But liu wei pointed out that,Olympic math prize for these students only played the role of entrance way,Go to university after,this"brick"Often is thrown away.Olympic math can't let them like mathematics.Many students don't aoshu on sports/music/Class art, etc,Long-term do trick question strange questions,To participate in a large number of Olympic math training and examination,"Pure curiosity spark gradually went out".

　　在有些人身上，“奥数最终只起到让学生讨厌数学的作用”。

In some person,"Aoshu finally only plays the role of students dislike mathematics".

　　“我不是说，奥数人人都不要搞，但是如果时间可以倒流的话，我是坚决不学这玩意的。”北京大学数学学院硕士研究生张海伦说。

"I'm not saying,Aoshu everyone don't make,But if if we can turn back time,I was determined not to learn of this trifle."Beijing university mathematics a postgraduate student in school of ZhangHaiLun said.

　　张海伦加入庞大的“奥数”培训班，是因为小学时数学成绩较好，被学校挑中。到了高中，高考压力大，他希望“走一条捷径”，而数学竞赛优胜者可以保送大学。

ZhangHaiLun join huge"aoshu"training,Because the elementary school mathematics performance better,Singled out by the school.In high school,The university entrance exam pressure big,He wants to"Take a shortcut",While the math contest winners can walks university.

　　他最终获得全国数学联赛二等奖，没有取得保送资格，但仍考入了北京大学。他选了数学专业，不是出于对数学的兴趣，而是因为：“我高中以前的教育从未让我有所选择，到了有所选择的时候，我反而不知道选什么好了。”

He finally won the national mathematics league second prize,Have not obtained the qualification walks,But still was admitted to Beijing university.He chose mathematics major,Not for mathematics interest,But because:"My high school before the education never let me have a choice,To have a choice,I don't know what good."

　　张海伦如今意识到，“搞奥数”决定了自己的人生道路。一个后果是，自己与同学的距离被拉远了，小学时“基本没有什么玩伴”。

ZhangHaiLun now realized,"Make aoshu"Determine the own life path.One consequence is that,His classmates and distance is pulled away,Elementary school"Basic does not have what playmate".

　　“现在我才渐渐地明白，学奥数的那些时间我如果用来干别的，情况会有多么的不一样。”他说。

"Now I just gradually understand,Learn mathematical olympiad that time if I used to do another,How much will be different."He said.

　　数学家林群院士认为，望子成龙的家长为了孩子的升学，让孩子接受各种训练，“很可怜”。“什么时候中国的家长能够清醒过来”，放开孩子，不去参加训练班，让他们按照兴趣自然发展，才会前途无量。

Mathematician Lin qun academicians think,These parents for children entrance,Let children to accept all kinds of training,"Very poor"."When Chinese parents to wake up",Let go of children,Don't go to the training course,Let them according to the natural development of interest,Will is promising.

　　“奥数跟高考得了同一种病，而且病得不轻。病就病在：整个社会只知道分数，不知道生活的乐趣。”一位网民尖刻地说。

"With the university entrance exam had the same kind of mathematical olympiad disease,And ill.Disease disease in:The whole society only know scores,Don't know the pleasure of life."A netizen scathingly say.

　　另一位网民则形容，奥数就像“地沟油”，吃着不放心，想着恶心，但是因为有利可图，还是有很多人争着吃。

Another netizen is described,Aoshu like"Trench oil",Eating not trust,Thinking of nausea,But because profitable,There are still a lot of people struggle to eat.

　　在一场个人报告会上，杨乐院士遇到了一个尖锐的提问。台下一名小学生问他：“奥数真的有用吗？”

In a personal report meeting,YangLe academician met a sharp questions.The audience a pupil asked him:"Aoshu useful really?"

　　小学生告诉杨乐，自己和同学们要上很多培训班，因为要想升入好的中学，就要有很好的奥数竞赛成绩。

Tell YangLe pupils,And students have a lot of training,Because want to to a good school,Will have very good aoshu competition results.

　　这位数学家回答小学生，即使在国际竞赛拿到了好成绩，也没有什么好骄傲的。奥数培训班是进行突击训练，对成为数学家起不到作用。就像跑马拉松，前几百米冲在最前面的，往往不能笑到最后。

The mathematician replies pupils,Even in the international competition got good grades,Also does not have what good proud.Olympic math training class is assault training,To become a mathematician up less than action.Is like running a marathon,Several hundred meters before the rush in the front,Often cannot the last laugh.

　　数学大师丘成桐曾指出，奥数不少题目很刁钻，作为爱好偶一为之是可以的。“如果作为主业精心揣摩，甚至为了应付升学，则是很荒谬的事。”

Mathematics master qiu once pointed out,Aoshu many topics very crafty,As a hobby OuYiWeiZhi is possible."If the main as careful conjecture,Even in order to cope with the bound,It is very foolish thing."

　　丘成桐以学医打比方：奥数就像疑难杂症，如果不扎实打好基础，只攻疑难杂症，到最后可能连普通的感冒都不会治。能算合格的医生吗？

Qiu to study medicine terms:Aoshu like incurable diseases,If not solid play good foundation,Only attack incurable diseases,To this end can even common cold won't cure.Can you calculate qualified doctor?

　　

中国拿了最多的“奥数金牌”，却没有“数学金牌” China take the most"Mathematical olympiad gold medal",But have not"Mathematical gold medal"

　　国内数学家们近几年思考的另一个问题是，国外的“奥数金牌”得主中，已经产生了“数学金牌”得主40岁以下数学家最高奖菲尔兹奖的获奖人中，已有多位奥数金牌选手。

In recent years the domestic mathematicians thinking another problem is,foreign"Mathematical olympiad gold medal"Winner in,Has produced"Mathematical gold medal"Winner 40 years old of the following mathematician highest prize phil this award winning people,For many mathematical olympiad gold medal athletes.

　　甚至，国际数学联盟的领导人中，也已出现了当年的奥数选手。

even,International mathematical union leaders,Has also appeared in those days aoshu player.

　　生于澳大利亚的华裔数学家陶哲轩在10岁、11岁、12岁参加过三次国际数学奥林匹克竞赛，金牌、银牌、铜牌各获一枚，最好成绩是所有选手中的第23名。31岁时，他获得菲尔兹奖。如今，他也只有37岁。

Born in Australia Chinese mathematician TaoZheXuan in 10 years old/11 years of age/12 years old in three times the international mathematical olympiad,Gold medal/silver/Each won a bronze medal,The best result is all players in the name of the 23.At the age of 31,He won phil this award.now,He also only 37 years old.

　　40岁的越南数学家吴宝珠曾是1988年、1989年连续两届奥赛金牌得主。

40 years old Vietnam mathematician WuBaoZhu was 1988 years/In 1989 the two consecutive olympiad gold medal winner.

　　国际数学奥林匹克竞赛官方网站显示，因为破解庞加莱猜想并且拒绝领取菲尔兹奖和百万美元奖金而声名远播的俄罗斯数学家格里高利·佩雷尔曼，是1982年奥赛第一名。

The international mathematical olympiad shows the official web site,Because crack poincare conjecture and refuses to get phil this award and millions of dollars prize and the famous Russian mathematician Gregory grigory perelman,In 1982 the first olympiad.

　　奥数选手成为数学家的案例，刺激了中国同行。一位不愿公开姓名的中科院院士对记者指出，中国“奥数金牌”得了最多，“数学金牌”还没得到，“这跟教育肯定有关”！

Aoshu players become mathematician case,Stimulated Chinese counterparts.One does not wish to open name academician of Chinese academy of sciences to reporters pointed out,China"Mathematical olympiad gold medal"Got the most,"Mathematical gold medal"Haven't get,"This with education must be relevant"!

　　从奥数金牌来看，中国已经是个强国。截至2012年，中国参加了27届国际数学奥林匹克竞赛，其中17次总分排名第一、6次排名第二。

From mathematical olympiad gold medal to see,China has been a power.By the end of 2012,China took part in the 27 of the international mathematical olympiad,17 times the total score ranked first/6 times ranked second.

　　而有史以来参赛的158名中国学生，总计获得了124块金牌、26块银牌、6块铜牌。

And the history of the 158 Chinese students,A total of 124 gold MEDALS/26 piece of silver/6 bronze.

　　中国数学会原理事长马志明院士对中国青年报记者指出，与国外相比，我国包括奥数在内的各种各样的竞赛，“功利色彩太重”。

The chairman of the China's math MaZhiMing academician of China youth daily reporter pointed out,Compared with foreign,Our country including aoshu, all kinds of competition,"Utilitarian color is too heavy".

　　他说，吴宝珠、陶哲轩等人获得奥数金牌，是出于对数学的兴趣。我国的奥数训练是机械化的，教给学生怎么解题，反倒把学生的创新思维给磨灭了。

He said,WuBaoZhu/TaoZheXuan etc people get mathematical olympiad gold medal,Is for mathematics interest.China's Olympic math training is mechanized,Teach the students how to turn around,But the students' innovative thinking to kill.

　　对于奥数获奖者可保送的优待，他表示强烈反对。

For mathematical olympiad winners can walks discount,He voiced strong opposition.

　　“本来应该是天才的，考查学生真正的智商，但是我们把什么事情都功利化了。”马志明说。

"Is supposed to be a genius,Test students' real intelligence quotient (IQ),But we put anything utilitarian."MaZhiMing said.

　　近些年来，对于奥数的“围剿”一直没有停止过。

In recent years,For mathematical olympiad"encirclement"Has not stopped.

　　教育部宣布，从2011年秋季进入高一的学生，参加全国中学生数学、物理、化学、生物学、信息学奥林匹克竞赛获得全国决赛一、二、三等奖，不再具备高校招生保送资格。

The ministry of education announced,From 2011 fall into a student,Take part in the national high school mathematics/physical/chemical/biology/Informatics Olympic competition win the national a final/two/Third prize,No longer have walked college enrollment qualification.

　　今年9月3日，北京著名的奥数培训机构仁华学校发布了注销公告。这所学校的奥数教材是培训市场上的“名牌”。

September 3,,Beijing famous aoshu training institutions RenHua school released cancellation notice.The school's aoshu textbook is training market"Famous brand".

　　这是在北京市最近宣布叫停与升学挂钩的奥数竞赛培训之后，关张的奥数培训机构之一。在这次整顿中，北京30所示范中学的负责人与北京市教委签订责任书，承诺不将奥数等各种竞赛成绩、奖励、证书作为入学依据，不举办以选拔生源为目的的任何形式奥数竞赛培训班。

This is in Beijing recently announced to stop and tie the entrance aoshu competition after training,One of the closure aoshu training institutions.In the reorganization of,Beijing 30 demonstration middle school's person in charge and the Beijing municipal education commission signed a responsibility,Commitment will not wait for all sorts of Olympic math competition results/reward/Certificate as a basis for admission,Don't hold to select students for the purpose of any form aoshu competition training class.

　　北京市还明确要求，任何学校不得在日常教学过程和考试评价中涉及与奥赛相关的内容，严格把握义务教育阶段课程标准，不得超出中小学教学内容范围。

Beijing also clear requirements,No school may not in daily teaching process and the evaluation and the orsay involved in relevant content,Strictly grasp the compulsory education stage curriculum standard,Not in excess of middle and primary school teaching content range.

　　首都师范大学数学系教授王永晖认为，如何不让大纲以外的题目进入试卷，“绝对是一个技术活”。他认为，应当建立一个“教育标准与水平考试体系”，解决如何划定范围的问题，这要依靠数学家。

The capital normal university mathematics professor WangYongHui think,How to not let program outside of the subject into the papers,"Absolute is a technique to live".He thinks,Shall establish a"Education standards and level exam system",To solve the problem of how to delimit range,This depends on mathematician.

　　王永晖认为，中国数学学会在这方面应当负起责任。

WangYongHui think,Chinese mathematics learn in this respect should be liable.

　　在他看来，奥数热反映出的中国公众的教育热情是极其宝贵的，数学家们应该研究如何将这种热情通过“良性的能量灌溉系统”，传导到孩子们身上。而中国数学学会“对于这些底层的教育能量流，是处于无作为的状态”。

In his view,Aoshu heat reflect Chinese public education enthusiasm is extremely valuable,Mathematicians should study how to put this enthusiasm through"Benign energy irrigation system",Transmission to the child.And the Chinese mathematics society"For these the bottom of the education energy flow,Is a state of inactivity".

　　“中国数学家们其实已经集体退出了奥数培训。”王永晖注意到，除了国家最高级别的奥数比赛和冬令营培训，还没有哪位知名数学家掺和过社会上的奥数培训。商业机构只能聘请一些数学专业的学生。

"China is already mathematicians collective out of the Olympic math training."WangYongHui noticed,In addition to national highest-level mathematical olympiad games and winter training,Still no well-known mathematician work into a social aoshu training.Commercial organizations can employ some mathematics majors.

　　王永晖并不反对奥数。他说，现在很多人批驳奥数，不是因为奥数本身不对，而是家长们不管自己孩子合适不合适，一定要孩子加入。

WangYongHui not against the Olympic math.He said,Now many people aoshu disproved,Not because of wrong aoshu itself,But parents whether their children don't fit right,Must the child to join.

　　他曾到奥数竞赛历史悠久的匈牙利交流。谈起奥数，当地数学界同行很惊讶中国有这么大的奥数培训市场。据他了解，匈牙利也有奥数培训，但不对学生收费，老师公益付出，政府提供补贴。

He had into the Olympic math competition has a long history of Hungary communication.About mathematical olympiad,The local known as peer very surprised China has such a large aoshu training market.According to his understanding,Hungary has aoshu training,But not charging students,The teacher welfare pay,The government provides subsidy.

　　因此，王永晖建议我国“奥数培训公益化”。公益机制可以有效遏制全民奥数的风潮。如果让花钱参加商业培训的学生，总是在奥数比赛中比不过接受公益培训的学生，“自然就没那么邪火了”。

therefore,In our country WangYongHui Suggestions"Olympic math training public change".Public welfare mechanism can effectively curb the mathematical olympiad agitation.If let spend money to participate in business training of students,Always in mathematical olympiad games than but accept the public training of students,"Nature is not so evil fire".

　　在“人人喊打”声中，这位数学教授反其道而行。他筹建了一个数学教育工作室，打算用自己的方式去教奥数，“将来肯定会教儿子奥数”。(记者 张国)

in"Everyone is called to play"Sound in,The professor of mathematics invert it.He preparation a mathematics education studio,Intend to use their own way to teach mathematical olympiad,"The future will teach son mathematical olympiad".(Reporter ZhangGuo)