危机 crisis

中国人均读书量不到以色列的1/10，微博阅读往往缺乏思考 China's per capita reading quantity is less than 1/10 of the children of Israel,Micro bo reading often lack of thinking

　　有人认为，国人整体阅读氛围正在变淡。是否如此，可以从两个维度解析：

Some people think that,The whole people reading atmosphere is thin.Is whether such,Can from two dimension analysis:

　　横向看，我曾读到过这样一组数据，2011年中国的人均图书阅读量是4.3本，韩国是10本，俄罗斯超过20本，以色列最多，达到60本左右。从这个层面而言，中国的阅读氛围是属于比较淡的。

Transverse see,I have read that a group of such data,In 2011, China's per capita book reading quantity is 4.3 this,South Korea is 10 this,Russia more than 20 this,Most Israel,To achieve this around 60.From this level,China's reading atmosphere is belong to compare weak.

　　纵向看，由于历史数据的缺乏，我不好轻易判断。但是有观点认为，自现代出版业兴起以来，国人的阅读习惯就没有被真正培养起来，也就是说，阅读风气并没有所谓的逐渐弱化、淡化，而是一直就没有形成。而当国人的知识水平普遍提高的当下，阅读又被各种更为迫切的需求所挤压，没有得到更好的发展。

Longitudinal see,Due to the lack of historical data,I am not easily judgment.But with a view,Since the modern publishing industry since the rise,People's reading habits will not really be brought up,That is,Reading atmosphere and no so-called gradually blurred/desalination,But has not formed.And when the people's knowledge of the general improvement,Reading is all kinds of more pressing demand extrusion,Don't get a better development.

　　具体到人文阅读的风气，以我编辑人文社科类图书的经验和感受来看，确实比十几二十年前淡。上世纪80年代的时候，三联书店出版的《悲剧的诞生》、《存在与虚无》这样的学术著作可以卖到几十万本，《傅雷家书》更是卖了150万册，这在现在是不可想象的。人文阅读的时代，我觉得真的已经远去了。

Specific to humanistic reading atmosphere,In my editor humanistic SheKeLei books experience and feeling to see,Did more than ten twenty years ago light.In the 1980 s,Sanglian publishing[The birth of tragedy]/[Being and nothingness]This academic works can sell to hundreds of thousands of this,[Fu lei letters from home]But also sold 1.5 million copies,This now is unimaginable.Humanistic reading times,I feel really is drifting away.

　　除了氛围，还有阅读深度的问题。以微博为代表的数字阅读，将传统阅读逼到了更为严峻的境地。现在一些人有了博客就不看书，有了微博连博客都不看了。但需要警惕的是，微博大多止步于提供信息，而较少涉及层次更高的知识、思想和理论，对于个人修养的促进作用有限。同时，微博阅读以浅阅读和快阅读居多，由于缺乏思考，自然也不会有太多收获。

In addition to atmosphere,Still have read a depth problems.With small bo as a representative of digital reading,Traditional reading will be forced to more severe situation.Now some people have a blog will not read a book,A micro bo even see the blog.But needs to be aware of is,Micro and stop to provide more information,And with little level higher knowledge/Thought and theory,For personal cultivation the promoting function of limited.At the same time,Micro bo reading to shallow reading and fast reading is in the majority,Due to the lack of thinking,Nature also won't have too much and harvest.

成因 causes

读者心态功利化、文化消费娱乐化，出版社出书重量不重质 Readers utilitarian mentality/Cultural consumption more entertaining,Press book weight not heavy

　　通过纵向和横向的比较，在一定程度上的确存在阅读危机。

Through the longitudinal and transverse comparison,To a certain extent, really do exist reading crisis.

　　形成阅读危机的原因可以归结为两个：其一是心态的功利化，其二是文化的娱乐化，这两个原因都与中国社会的发展现状有关。

The cause of formation of reading crisis can be summed up in two:One is the utilitarian mentality,Secondly, cultural recreation is changed,The two reasons and current situation of the development of the Chinese society about.

　　快速发展的社会极大地丰富了物质环境，也激发了人们对于财富的渴求，心态变得功利，而忽视了精神的深度。在文化层面，现在居于主导的是消费性的大众文化。如今的电影，已经很少能看到严肃的、探索性的艺术电影，满眼都是商业大片，因为票房已经成了最重要的指标。日益兴起的互联网更是一片娱乐的洼地，电子游戏、娱乐节目铺天盖地，牵扯了人们太多的精力和时间，让人无法静心阅读。

Rapid development of society greatly enriched the physical environment,Also inspires people desire for wealth,Mentality become utilitarian,And ignore the spiritual depth.In the cultural level,Now occupies the dominant is the consumer mass culture.Today's movies,Has rarely see serious/Exploratory art film,Eyeful is commercial blockbuster,Because the box office has become the most important index.Increasingly rise of the Internet is a piece of the entertainment of the depression,Electronic game/Entertainment blots out the sky,People involved too much time and energy on,Let a person can't meditation reading.

　　当然，阅读危机的形成，出版人自己也有不可推卸的责任。我曾经说过，新书一半不用看，是由于好书太少，原创匮乏。新书选题经常撞车，内容大同小异。还有一些出版商为了赚钱，雇几个人你一句我一段地攒书。在书店里经常会发现这样的垃圾书，麻辣某某、水煮某某、戏说某某等，简直就是在浪费读者的生命。

Of course,Reading the formation of the crisis,Publishers oneself also have an unshirkable responsibility.I once said,New books without looking at the half,Is due to good books too little,Lack of original.New book selection often crash,Content very much the same.There are some publishers to make money,To hire a few people you one I a book to save.In the bookshop can often find such trash books,Spicy hot so-and-so/Boiled so-and-so/Make bitter so-and-so, etc,It is a waste of the reader's life.

　　为什么一些出版社会沦为垃圾制造厂？评价标准过于偏重产业是很重要的原因。强调收入、盈利、市场占有率等要素，追求规模却忽视质量。现在全国有20多个出版集团，已经有七八家都上市了，剩下的有不少在排队等待上市，好像不上市就没法发展、无法生存了。

Why do some publishing society into garbage factory?Evaluation standard too much emphasis on industry is a very important reason.Emphasis on income/profit/Market share etc factors,The pursuit of scale ignores quality.Now the national more than 20 publishing group,Have eight home on the market,The rest of the many waiting listed,As if does not appear on the market can't development/Cannot survive the.

　　经济贡献绝不是出版社最重要的作用。拼产值，全国582家出版社一年的利润之和抵不上中石油的零头，但是像商务印书馆、中华书局、三联书店这样的出版社所作出的文化贡献，是几个石油公司都比不上的。因此，出版社不该以己之短、搏人之长。

Economic contribution is not press the most important role.Spell output,The nation's 582 press a year of profit does the sum of petrochina's zero head,But like the commercial press/Zhonghua book company/SDX joint publishing company such press by the cultural contributions,Several oil company is nothing like the.therefore,Press shouldn't to have short/Stroke people long.

破局 Broken bureau

借助媒体、政府推广阅读，打破学校科目壁垒、强化人文教育 By means of the media/The government promotion reading,Break the school subjects barriers/Strengthen humanistic education

　　在读者、出版社或多或少都被一些不当取向裹挟的情况下，该如何改善阅读风气？

In the reader/Press more or less are some improper orientation under the condition of the neo-enlightenment movement,How to improve the reading atmosphere?

　　媒体是个不可忽视的力量，有影响的媒体应该多开设一些推荐好书的栏目。很多电视台虽有读书节目，但播出的时段不太好，没有什么观众，只是点缀。如果把阅读栏目当作公益项目，把它放到电视台的黄金时段或者报纸的重要版面，将能有效地推动阅读风气的形成。还有很多政府部门甚至官员都定期不定期地推荐图书，也值得效法。

The media is a force that cannot be ignored,Influential media should provide some good books recommended column.A lot of television although have reading program,But broadcast time not too good,No audience,Just ornament.If the reading section as a public welfare project,Put it in TV during prime time or newspaper important page,Will be able to effectively promote the formation of the reading atmosphere.There are many government officials even regular aperiodically recommended books,Also worthy of emulation.

　　不过，我更看重从改善学校的阅读环境入手，进而让整个社会的阅读氛围更浓。现在的学科分化越来越细，不仅是自然科学和人文社会科学完全分家，就连在人文社会科学里面，人文和社科也开始分家。所以，现在学生的人文阅读非常有限，即便是经济学、法学专业的学生，也常缺乏人文素养。所以大家都在感叹，年轻的知识分子已经变成了技术知识分子，失去了人文精神。

but,I think more of the improvement of the school of reading environment,Then let the whole social reading atmosphere more concentrated.Now more and more fine subject differentiation,Not only is a natural science and humanities and social science treated completely,Even in the humanities and social science inside,The humanities and social sciences centre also began.so,Now students' humanistic reading is very limited,Even if is economics/Law students,Also often lack of humanistic quality.So everyone in the exclamation,The young intellectuals has become a technical intellectuals,Lost the humanistic spirit.

　　王蒙在上世纪80年代曾写过一篇文章，探讨当代作家的非学者化问题，认为中国的新一代作家和20世纪初的作家相比，文化功底、学术修养都大为逊色。所以他大声疾呼，希望作家要做学问，只有这样才能产生伟大的作品。对于现在的青年知识分子来说，则是一个非人文化的问题，而不是非学者化。知识分子要有人文素养，这是一个起码的要求。

Wang in the 1980 s had written an article,Explores contemporary writer scholars not problem,Think China of a new generation of writers and early 20th century than writer,Culture foundation of basic skills/Academic accomplishment is much less.So he thundered,The writer hope to a scholar,Only in this way can produce great works.For now the young intellectuals speaking,Is a profound cultural problems,Not right and wrong scholars.Intellectuals should have humanistic literacy,This is a basic requirement.

　　因此，我呼吁学校要大力提倡通识教育，打破学科壁垒，沟通文理，培养学生的人文兴趣。比如教育部可以将中国文化课程列为必修的基础课，就像英语和政治一样。

therefore,I appeal the school general education should be advocated,Break subject barriers,Communication unity and coherence in writing,The cultivation of the students' interest in humanities.Such as the ministry of education can be Chinese culture courses as required basic course,Like English and political as.

　　总的来说，希望国人能够克服功利主义，多一点无目的、休闲的阅读，把阅读当作一种生活方式，而不是用阅读来考一纸文凭、用来讨生活。至于如何选书，我建议读两种书，一种是经典读物，看那些影响过历史和现实、已被证明的经典，相当于补课；另一种是时下有口碑的书，这种书有着较强的现实感，对我们思考现实问题有益。 （记者 杨旭整理）

In general,Hope that people can overcome utilitarianism,A bit more without purpose/Leisure reading,The reading as a way of life,Instead of reading to take an examination of a paper diploma/Used to seek living.As for how to choose books,I suggest read two books,One is the classic books,Look at those influence over history and reality/Has been proven classic,Equivalent to make up a missed lesson;Another kind is nowadays a reputation of books,This book has a strong sense of reality,For we think good practical problems. (Reporter Yang xu finishing)