"初三一开学，老师就来考化学，没想到班上很多同学都会，原来在暑假都学过了。"刚刚开学，在南京白下区一所知名初中读初三的小陈同学倍感压力。记者在采访中发现，为了能在新学期占据优势，不少学生都在暑期进行了"超前学习"。专家指出，超前学习也要因人而异，不然可能会影响孩子自主能力的培养。　　

"Grade a school,The teacher is to take an examination of chemistry,Many students in the class that will be,Originally in summer vacation has learned the."Just opening,In nanjing BaiXiaOu a famous junior middle school read the third day of Chen students feel more pressure.Reporter in the interview found,In order to occupy the advantage of the new term,Many students are in the summer"Advance learning".Experts point out that,Advanced learning will vary from person to person,Or may affect the child independent ability training.

　现象 phenomenon

　　刚开学，不少学生已学完一学期的课 The first week of classes,Many students have learned a one-semester class

　　"我们开学第一天，老师就给我们考化学，很多同学都蒙了，不过还有一些学生竟然考得很好。"南京白下区一所民办学校初三学生小陈告诉记者，新学期开化学课，可是不少同学都在暑假期间把一本化学书都学了一遍，所以老师为了解预习情况，一开学就考试。"压力好大啊，没想到不少同学都学过，老师很多知识点就讲得很快。"

"We are the first day of school,The teacher will give we take an examination of chemistry,Many students are obtained,But there are some students should do well in the examination."Nanjing BaiXiaOu a school of run by the local people grade students Chen told reporters,The new semester chemistry class,But many students during summer vacation a chemistry book all learned again,So the teacher to understand preview situation,A term begins examination."Pressure good big!,Didn't expect many students learned,The teacher a lot of knowledge will speak quickly."

　　记者在调查中发现，目前超前学习的现象非常普遍，不少家长在暑期就给孩子报了各种补习班和家教班，其中不少课程就是提前学习下学期的课程，更有甚者超前学习了很多课程。"我们班不少牛人，已经把高中物理的课本都学完了。"在南京某名校才上初一的小赵同学倍感压力。"提前学课程，主要是以数学和英语为重。但是现在对一些靠竞赛优录的孩子来说，家长认为语文是初中拉分最大的项目，所以还在提前学语文。"一位姓顾的家长说。

Reporter in the survey found,At present advanced learning phenomenon is very common,Many parents in the summer will give the child for the various cram school and family education class,Many of the course is to learn the course in advance for next semester,What's more advanced learning a lot of course."Our class a lot of cattle people,Has the senior high school physics textbooks are learned."In nanjing to a school on the first little zhao4 zi3 students feel more pressure."Advance course,Is mainly as math and English.But now for some by competition optimal record for children,Their parents think that language is the junior middle school and the project with the biggest points,So also in advance to learn Chinese."A man surnamed the parents say.

　　"别说中学生，现在小学生提前学习的都不少。"采访中，一位小学班主任告诉记者，新学期上课，不少孩子的书本都已经学过。老师一问，原来都是家长带孩子提前学的，有的则是让家教教的。

"Don't say high school students,Now students learn in advance are many."interview,A primary school teacher in charge told reporters,The new semester class,A lot of children's books have been studied.The teacher ask,The original is their parents to take children learn in advance,Some is let tutor teaches.

心态 mentality

　　家长面对升学压力都很焦虑，不敢落后 Parents are anxious face pressures upon their schoolwork,Dare not lag behind

　　"现在提前学的孩子很多，主要是面对竞争，家长们都很焦虑。"刚刚经历小升初的张女士告诉记者，现在的小升初非常残酷，孩子虽然进入了不错的学校，但是仍心有余悸。"经历过疯狂的择校，成功的学生感谢曾经好好学习，不成功的学生和家长更加知道苦学的重要性。"

"Now many children learn in advance,Mainly in the face of competition,Parents are anxious."Just another experience of ms. Zhang told reporters,Now another very cruel,Child though into a good school,But still jittery."Experienced crazy school,Successful students thank once good good study,Don't successful students and parents more know the importance of such."

　　"现在家长之间的信息交流也多了起来，有的孩子提前学了，那么知道的家长就产生不能让孩子落后的心理。直到看到孩子坐在补习班，心里才能踏实。"另一位张先生对这种怪现象发表了自己的看法：天天上补习班的孩子和在家看书的孩子，其实是不一样的。"我觉得家长没有了解小学和中学的区别，孩子除了学习，还有个性发展、兴趣发展，青春期人格成长。"我觉得学有余力的学生，比如搞竞赛的学生，提前学一些知识没有问题，但是普通的孩子最好按照步骤来，不然会影响正常的上课效率。"

"Now parents exchange of information between also more up,Some children learn in advance,So know parents will produce can't let children backward psychological.Until seeing children sat in the cram school,Heart steadfast to."Another Mr Zhang to this kind of strange phenomenon voiced their opinions:Every day cram school children and children to read books at home,Actually they are not the same."I think parents didn't know the difference between primary and secondary schools,Children in addition to learning,And personality development/Interest development,Adolescent personality growth."I think learning spare capacity of students,Such as make competition students,Learn some knowledge in advance: no problem,But ordinary children according to the steps to the best,Or it will affect the normal class efficiency."

　　"竞赛需要提前学，有兴趣不觉得累。"一位中学数学老师指出，"走竞赛之路，要天赋，还要有吃苦精神，要名师点拨。不能随便上培训班，也不是有班就去上。"

"Competition need to learn in advance,Interested in don't feel tired."A high school math teacher pointed out,"Go competition road,To talent,Have the spirit to bear hardships,Teacher show how to.Can't literally on training class,Is not a class to go to."

　■专家观点 S expert views

　　超前学习也要因人而异 Advanced learning will vary from person to person

　　南京市白下区教师进修学校 副校长 丁玉祥

Nanjing BaiXiaOu the teacher training school vice President DingYuXiang

　　当前由于考试与升学的竞争压力与日俱增,家长对孩子望子成龙心切。同时受到"不让孩子输在起跑线"口号的影响,暑假里,原本是孩子休息和调整的假期,变成了第二课堂和学校的延伸。其实暑期孩子在休息的同时,进行适当的学习既是正常的,也是符合学习规律的事情。但是由于家长受到社会上一些培训机构招生宣传的过度渲染,为了避免孩子掉队或让孩子新学期学习上能名列前茅,整个暑假强迫让孩子上一些所谓"超前学习"培训班，学习的内容主要是新学期的教材内容。

The current because the exam and the entrance pressure of competition grows day by day,The parents to the child used to eager.At the same time by"Don't let the children lose in the starting line"Slogans influence,In the summer,Originally is the child rest and the adjustment of the holiday,Into the second classroom and the extension of the school.In fact the child in the rest of the summer at the same time,Proper learning is normal,Is accord with the law of learning things.But as parents in society by some training institutions recruitment of students propaganda excessive rendering,In order to avoid children left behind or let children learn the new semester to the top,The whole summer to force your child in some so-called"Advance learning"training,The content of study is mainly is the new semester teaching material contents.

　　从学习规律角度看,适度的超前学习或预习是一种正常现象,也是学生学习能力的重要方面,它需要一个过程来培养。超前学习或预习培养学生的自主学习和自我解决问题的能力非常有意义，这种超前学习是基于学生个体为主导的自学,主要靠学生自己阅读教材或尝试练习解决教材上的难点或疑点,从而达到掌握教材内容的目的。这种常态的预习或超前学习,能够为学生后续的新学期学习奠定基础,赢得宝贵的学习时间,更好的参与到学校更多的课外实践活动中,进而丰富和提升学生综合学习能力,为学生终身学习能力培养打下坚实的基础。

From learning law perspective,Moderate advanced study or preview is a normal phenomenon,Is also an important aspect of students' learning ability,It needs a process to develop.Advanced study or preview cultivate students' autonomous learning and self ability to solve problems is very meaningful,This kind of advanced learning is based on the student individual as the leading self-study,Depend mainly on students' own readings or try to practice on teaching material to solve the difficulty of or doubtful points,In order to grasp the purpose of teaching material contents.This kind of normal preview or advanced learning,For students to learn the new term follow-up lay the foundation,Win the precious time for study,Better participate in the school more extracurricular practice,Then enrich and improve students' comprehensive ability to learn,For the student lifelong learning ability training lay a solid foundation.

　　从客观上说，暑期学生学习新课内容的现象需要客观、理性的引导,不能无序发展,否则既会冲击学校的正常教学安排,也会影响学生对学习的正确认识,出现学生因为超前学习,已经了解和知道教师的教学内容,上课插嘴或开小差,或自以为是,认为自己都已经掌握了教师的教学内容,而对学校的教师缺乏必要的尊重,导致影响听课效率,甚至造成师生关系紧张。

objectively,Summer students to learn the new content of the phenomenon need objective/Rational guidance,Cannot disordered development,Otherwise, can impact the normal school teaching plans,Can also affect the student to the correct understanding of the study,Appear students for advanced study,Have to understand and know teachers' teaching contents,Class interrupt or desertion,Or thinks,Think you have mastered the teachers' teaching contents,But to the school teachers lack of necessary respect,Affect to attend a lecture efficiency,Even a tense relationship between teachers and students.

　　然而,目前社会上的很多培训机构,开设所谓的超前学习,犹如体育竞赛的"犯规"偷跑,并不是真正意义上的以培养学生自主学习能力为目标的学习,其教授的方式更多的采取灌输,不做实验,更多的是把教材的新课内容作为一种知识性结论直接告知学生,并辅助一定的强化训练,让学生短期内掌握一些结论性内容。由于教师授课缺少完整的教学过程,理科更多是缺少必要的实验和亲身操作,把探究结论作为知识直接告知学生,客观上使得学生缺少自主探究、主动参与学习过程的体验，这样的结果将会导致学生对一些知识的掌握简单化,或死记硬背,以为自己什么都懂，而实际上学习能力难以得到有效提升。不仅浪费了学生宝贵的休息时间，导致学习过度，影响学生身心的调整和平衡，而且让学生对新学期的学习失去了目标性和神秘感。其对学校正规学习会带来较大的冲击，产生诸多隐性的危害。

however,In society at present a lot of training institutions,Open the so-called advanced learning,Like sports competitions"foul"Steal run,And is not the true sense to the cultivation of students' autonomous learning ability as the goal of learning,The professor's way more take infusion,Don't do the experiment,More is the new teaching material content as a kind of intellectual conclusion direct told students,And auxiliary certain intensive training,Let the students master the short term some conclusive content.Due to the teachers' lack of complete teaching process,Science is more a lack of necessary experiment and hands-on operation,Conclusion the inquiry as knowledge direct told students,Objective to explore the students lack of autonomy/Active participation in the process of learning experience,The result will result in some students to the knowledge of simplification,Or by rote,Think you know everything,But in fact learning ability is difficult to be effectively improve.Not only the students waste precious time to rest,Cause learning excessive,Influence students' physical and psychological adjustment and balance,And let the students for the new semester of study lost objectives and mystery.The formal school learning will bring great impact,Produce many recessive harm.

　　其实，不同的学生群体，进行超前学习的功能是不尽相同的，不能一概而论。客观上说，学生利用暑假，自己独立开展预习，自主提前预习新学期的内容，解决教材上的难点，是一件好事。这对于中等生及偏下水平学生而言，如果能够弥补学校新学期正常教学时因教师教学进度快，学生接受能力慢而导致掉队的情况。其原因是，一个班级学生的学习速度有快慢，学习能力也有差异，如果这类学生适度超前学习，提前熟悉教材内容，可以降低学生课堂理解教材内容的难度，提高课堂学习效率，从而保证这类学生能够跟上教师的教学进程，不会因为理解速度上的差异而导致其掉队。

In fact,Different students group,Advanced learning function is not the same,Cannot treat as the same.Objectively said,Students use their summer break,Their own independent development preview,Independent advance preview new semester content,To solve the difficulty of the teaching material,Is a good thing.The medium lives and rdi level student,If can make up for the new school semester when normal teaching for teachers' teaching progress fast,Students accept ability slow and lead to the left behind.The reason for this is,A class student learning speed has speed,Learning ability are also different,If this kind of student moderate advance learning,Familiar with the teaching material content in advance,Can reduce the students understand the difficulty of classroom teaching material contents,Improve the classroom learning efficiency,To ensure this kind of students to keep up with the teachers' teaching process,Don't understand speed differences and lead to its left behind.

　　对于优秀学生群体，提前学习，可以明显降低新学期听课的负担，将新学期里更多的学习时间应用于能力提升，或参与更加丰富的实践活动中，不仅能提升实践能力，也能提高综合素养。这类学生，在课堂学习中，表现出听课的目的性和重点与一般学生有明显差异，因为这类学生学习理解能力强，知识掌握的速度快，因此其课堂上听课的重点应放在自己不懂的地方，或放在质疑环节，这样既减轻自己听课的负担，也促进能力的拓展与提升。

For outstanding student group,Early learning,Can obviously decrease the burden of a new semester,The new semester more learning time applied to enhance the ability,Or participate in more abundant practical activities,Not only can improve practical ability,Also can improve the comprehensive quality.This kind of students,In classroom study,Show to attend a lecture of purpose and key and general students have obvious difference,Because this kind of students' learning understanding ability,Knowledge mastery of the speed,So the class to attend a lecture should focus on you don't understand the place,Or in question link,This not only reduce the burden of his lecture,Also promote the development of the ability to ascend.

　　为此，提醒家长要审慎的对待暑期到培训机构参加的新课学习，科学的培养孩子独立自主学习的能力，做到课前预习有目标、有任务，预习完成有检测。预习要带着问题进教材，带着问题进课堂，通过课堂学习化解自己预习中存在的疑点、难点和混淆点，这样不仅能培养和锻炼终身受用的自学能力，而且，能有效的、最大限度的避免学习掉队的现象，建议家长加以合理引导，避免漫无目的、没有选择的上社会培训机构的所谓超前学习培训班。（扬子晚报记者 王璟）

therefore,Remind the parents should be prudent to treat summer training institutions to participate in new learning,Scientific training children independent learning ability,Objective to prepare before class/A task,Prepare a complete test.Prepare to take the problem into teaching materials,With the problem into the classroom,Through the classroom learning resolve their existing in the preview of the doubtful points/Difficult and confusing point,This will not only cultivate and exercise valuable lifetime self-learning ability,and,Can effective/The maximum to avoid the phenomenon of learning left behind,Advise parents to guide rational,Avoid aimless/Have no choice on the social training institutions of so-called advance learning training class.(Yangzi evening news reporter Jing king)