概念简述 Concept this

　　“选课走班”是高中新课程的一大特点。为适应社会对多样化人才的需求，满足不同学生的发展需要，在保证每个学生达到共同基础的前提下，各学科分类别、分层次设计了多样的、可供不同发展潜能学生选择的课程内容，以满足学生对课程的不同需求。

"Elective go class"High school new curriculum is one of the characteristics.In order to adapt to the society of diversified talented person's demand,Meet different students' development needs,In order to make every student to reach the common basic premise,Each subject category don't/Hierarchically design a variety of/For different development potential students choose course content,In order to meet the different needs of the students on the course.

　　选课的设置与实验是新一轮高中课程改革的一个亮点，它的设置有助于拓展学生的知识与技能，发展学生的兴趣和特长，培养学生的个性，促进教师的专业成长，促进学校特色的形成与办学模式的多样化。我国正在实验的高中选修课具有模块化、多样化、层次化、弹性化、学分制等特点。选修课的实施要正确处理教材、教师与教学问题。选修课的评价包括课程方案、材料、教师教学和学生学习的评价。当前，要特别加强选修课管理制度的建设与创新。

The setting of courses and experiment is a new high school curriculum reform a window,Its setting helps to expand students' knowledge and skills,Develop the students' interest and specialty,To cultivate students' personality,To promote teacher's professional development,To promote the formation of school characteristics and the diversity of the mode of running.China is in the experimental high school elective course with modularization/diversification/hierarchical/flexiblization/Characteristics of credit system.The implementation of the elective course teaching material should be handled properly/Teachers and teaching problem.Elective course evaluation including course plan/material/Teachers' teaching and students' learning evaluation.The current,Would like to strengthen the elective course management system construction and innovation.

设置意义 Set significance

拓展学生的知识与技能 Develop the students' knowledge and skills

　　必修课程关注学生基本的科学文化素质，追求知识与技能的基础性、全面性、系统性、完整性，为学生的一般发展奠定知识技能与情感态度基础。但是，随着知识的发展，知识在不断走向分化、深化、细化的同时也不断地交叉、渗透、融合。知识的不断分化与整合使传统的学校课程很难反映人类知识的当代成就，滞后于知识的发展。必修课的数量与内容总是有限的，它在知识的深度与广度上受到一定的限制，而选修课则可以弥补必修课的不足，它一方面可以对必修课的内容进行拓展或深化，另一方面，又可以发展学生的技能、特长。它扩展了学校课程的种类与范围，使学校课程生机勃勃，充满活力，强化了学校课程与知识世界的动态联系。

Required course paying attention to the students' basic scientific and cultural qualities,The pursuit of knowledge and skill, the basic/comprehensive/systemic/integrity,The general development for the students lay a knowledge skills and emotional attitude foundation.but,With the development of knowledge,Knowledge in the constant to differentiation/deepening/Refining and constantly cross/penetration/fusion.Knowledge of the constant differentiation and integration of traditional school curriculum is hard to reflect the contemporary human knowledge achievements,Lags behind the development of the knowledge.The number of compulsory course and content is always limited,It in the knowledge of the depth and breadth in certain limits,And the elective course can make up for the deficiency of the required course,On one hand it to the content of the compulsory course expand or deepen,On the other hand,And can develop students' skills/specialty.It expanded the school course types and range,Make the school course is full of vitality,dynamic,To strengthen the school curriculum and world of knowledge dynamic contact.

发展学生的兴趣和特长，培养学生的个性 Develop the students' interest and specialty,To cultivate students' personality

　　由于遗传、环境、教育与个体主观努力程度不同，学生个体之间总是存在着或多或少的差异，他们在知识经验、能力基础、家庭背景、兴趣爱好、性格特征等方面均存在着一定的差异。哈佛大学心理学家加德纳（Gardner）经过多年的研究认为，人类智力多种多样，个体智力是一种多种能力的结合。在他看来，至少存在着九种智力元素：逻辑/数学、语言、音乐、空间、运动、交际、内省、自然、生存，不同个体智力元素的组合方式导致了个体智力类型的差异。发展心理学研究表明，随着年龄的增长，个体间的身心差异诸如兴趣爱好、性向特长越来越明显。在初中阶段开始分化，到高中更加明显。我国教育固然以学生全面发展为目标，但这并不意味着对所有的学生都统一要求，更不意味着要求每一个学生在每门课程上都平均发展或门门优秀。学校教育应该适应学生的个别差异，赋予每个学生选择性发展的权利，引导和促进学生个性的生动发展。可以说，没有“选择”的教育，不讲“个性”的教育，充其量不过是一种“训练”，而不是真正的教育。因此，我们必须改变过去必修课一统天下的僵化格局，在不加重学生负担的前提下，开设丰富多样富于弹性的选修课，拓宽学生的知识视野，促进其潜在能力和个性特长的充分发展。

Due to genetic/environment/Education and individual subjective efforts to different degree,Between the student individual there is always more or less differences,In their knowledge and experience/Ability foundation/Family background/interest/Character, etc have many differences.Harvard University psychologist Gardner(Gardner)After several years of researching and think,Human intelligence is varied,Individual intelligence is a combination of many kinds of ability.In his view,There are at least nine intelligence element:Logic/math/language/music/space/movement/communication/introspection/natural/survival,Different individual intelligence element combination led to the individual intelligence type of difference.Research shows that the development of psychology,As the growth of the age,Among the individual differences of body and mind, such as hobbies/Sex to specialty is more and more obvious.In the junior middle school stage began to differentiation,To high school more apparent.Our country education is to the comprehensive development of students as the goal,But this does not mean that all of the students are unified requirements,More does not mean that requires every student in the course for each course is on average development or excellent doors.School education should adapt to the students' individual differences,Give each student selective development rights,Guide and promote the development of students' personality vivid.Can say,no"choose"Education of,Do not speak"personality"Education of,At best, but is a kind of"training",Rather than real education.therefore,We must change the past a required course unify the whole country of the rigid pattern,Don't aggravate the burden of students under the premise of,Open rich variety abound elastic elective course,Broaden the students' knowledge,Promote the potential ability and the full development of personality.

促进教师的专业成长 To promote teacher's professional development

　　在必修课一统天下的课程体制中，教师被排除在课程编制活动之外，他们仅仅是既有课程的实施者，忠实地、不折不扣地执行教科书的意图，严格按照统一的教科书、教参甚至教法进行教学。而选修课的开设，对教师提出了新的要求、新的挑战，同时也为教师的专业发展、工作品质和教学质量的提升提供更多的机遇。它改变了教师的传统角色和固定不变的职能分工，要求教师更新课程意识、教学观念，掌握课程开发所必备的知识、技术和能力，吸收当代知识研究的新成果。正是在参与课程开发，进行课程设计、实施与评价的过程中，教师不断地反思自己的教育实践，最大限度地发挥自己的专业自主性和创造潜能，发挥自己的优势和特长，获得专业的自主成长和持续发展。

In a required course unify the whole country curriculum system,The teacher was out of the curriculum development outside activities,They are just as the executor of the course,faithfully/Unswervingly implement the intention of the textbook,In strict accordance with the unified textbook/Teach and even dharma teaching.And the opening of elective courses,Put forward the new requirements to teachers/New challenges,At the same time also for teachers' professional development/Quality of work and the quality of teaching ascension to provide more opportunities.It has changed the traditional teachers role and fixed function division of labor,Requires teachers to update curriculum awareness/Teaching idea,Master curriculum development necessary knowledge/Technology and ability,Absorption contemporary knowledge of new research achievements.It is in participation in the curriculum development,For curriculum design/In the process of implementation and evaluation,Teachers constantly reflect on their education practice,Maximize their professional autonomy and creating potential,Play to their strengths and expertise,For professional independent growth and sustainable development.

促进学校特色的形成与办学模式的多样化 To promote the formation of school characteristics and the diversity of the mode of running

　　由于必修课数量、内容、范围有限，在必修课一统天下的格局之下，不可能实现办学模式的多样化，只有选修课才可能既在科目设置上有一很大的灵活性，又在科目的组合与内容拓展上有很大的自由度。选修课尤其是学校根据所在社区和学校的条件、资源、师资状况开设的选修课，有助于高中课程模式的多样化，而课程模式的多样化最终又形成各自的办学特色。因此，开设多种多样的选修课，是形成学校特色和办学模式多样化的重要途径。 总之，选修课不是必修课的陪衬，更不是必修课的附庸，它是一个独立的课程领域，有自己独特的目标、任务、优势和作用，是现代学校课程制度的重要支柱，不可或缺。我们必须彻底打破中学课程结构封闭、僵化、萎缩的状态，重构高中课程结构，使必修课与选修课优势互补、动态平衡，充分释放各种课程的潜在功能，发挥每一个学生的聪明才智，为现代社会输送各级各类高素质人才。

Due to the number of a required course/content/Range co., LTD.,,In a required course unify the whole country under the pattern,Could not realize the diversity of the mode of running,Only the elective course just may not only in subject setting a great flexibility,And in the combination of subject and content development have a lot of freedom.Elective course especially school according to the community and the school conditions/resources/Teachers' status in elective course,Help to high school curriculum model of diversification,But the curriculum model of diversification and ultimately shape their own the characteristics of a school.therefore,Open a wide variety of elective course,Is the formation of school characteristics and running mode of diversified important way. In a word,Elective course is a required course of the foil,More is not compulsory course vassal,It is an independent subject areas,Have their own unique target/task/Advantage and function,Is the modern school course system of the important pillars,indispensable.We must thoroughly broken middle school course structure closed/rigid/Atrophic state,Reconstruction high school course structure,Make a required course and the elective course have complementary advantages/Dynamic balance,All kinds of courses and released in full potential function,Play every students' intelligence,For modern society transport all kinds of high quality talent at all levels.