“红萝卜”可以给中学生吃吗？莫言《透明的红萝卜》拟入“教材”事件调查 "carrots"Can give high school raw?Mo yan[Transparent carrots]Quasi into"materials"Incident investigations

　　新华社记者万一、赵琬微

The xinhua news agency reporter one thousand/Zhao Wan micro

　　获得诺贝尔文学奖不久，莫言的作品就有望入选高中语文“教材”？这一消息经几家教育出版社证实后，引发社会议论，焦点集中在语文教材编写到底该不该“跟风”、普通中学生是否读得懂莫言的“魔幻现实主义”文学作品等方面。

Soon won the Nobel Prize for literature,Mo yan's works in high school Chinese hope"materials"?The news confirmed by several education publishing house after,Trigger social discussion,Focus on the language teaching material should write exactly"Follow suit"/Whether ordinary high school students read the mo yan"Magic realism"Literary works, etc.

　　（小标题）跟诺奖“凑热闹”是巧合也是必然

(Small title)With the Nobel"Join in the fun"Be coincidence is inevitable

　　面对“莫言获奖不久，作品即入选教材”的议论，语文出版社中学语文教研组张夏放表示，这次入选是一个“巧合”，并非是大家认为的“盲目追捧”。但作者获得诺奖，的确是“敲定”《透明的红萝卜》这一作品入选教材读本的重要原因。

In the face of"Mo yan soon the,Art works, selected materials"talk,Chinese press the middle school language teaching and research group zhangxia put said,The selected is a"coincidence",Is not everybody think"Blind chase after hold in both hands".But the authors obtain the Nobel,Is really"finalized"[Transparent carrots]This work in teaching material reading important reason.

　　据了解，《透明的红萝卜》并非入选语文出版社的课本，而是该社编写的高中语文选修读本《中外短篇小说选读》。作为语文教材的配套读本，这套丛书是根据教改后的语文选修课新大纲编写的，已经出版了《中国现当代散文鉴赏》等6册。作为16位作家之一，莫言的作品早已出现在短篇小说的备选目录上。

It is understood,[Transparent carrots]Not in the Chinese press textbooks,But the club to write high school Chinese elective reading book[In Chinese and foreign short stories].As a language teaching material supporting reading book,This series is according to the teaching reform of Chinese elective course after new outline of writing,Have published a[Chinese modern and contemporary prose appreciation]Six books such as.As one of 16 writer,Mo yan's works have appeared in the short novel optional catalog.

　　“这本书正编写到一半，传来莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息。中国籍本土作家的第一个诺奖，是对中国文化和中国现当代文学的肯定。”张夏放说，这本正在编写的《中外短篇小说选读》计划收录40篇作品，其中中外作品各20篇。在中国作品中，除了中学生熟悉的鲁迅、沈从文、老舍等作家的经典作品外，余华、苏童、马原、残雪等当代作家的作品也在候选之列。

"This book ZhengBian wrote half,Spread the news of mo yan won the Nobel Prize for literature.The first Chinese native writers Nobel,Is the Chinese culture and Chinese modern and contemporary literature of affirmation."Zhangxia put said,This is the written[In Chinese and foreign short stories]Plan included 40 works,The Chinese and foreign works all 20.In China's works,In addition to high school students familiar with lu xun/Shen congwen/Lao she and writer's classic work outside,Yu hua/Su tong/Netherlands/Can-xue etc contemporary writer's work was the candidate list.

　　“因为是读本并非教材，本身就有‘开卷有益’的意味。我们把诺奖得主哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的《巨翅老人》都选入教材了，为何不能选本国获奖作品？”张夏放说。

"Because it is not reading textbooks,Itself has‘Reading enriches the mind’that.We put the laureates of Columbia writer Garcia marquez[JuChi old man]All elected to the teaching material,Why not choose their winning entries?"Zhangxia put said.

　　在不少语文教材编写者眼中，现在入选莫言作品正当其时，起码在年轻读者对阅读莫言作品最有兴趣之际，可以调动更多人喜爱读书。

In many Chinese textbook writers eyes,Now in its work in mo yan,At least in the young readers to read the works of mo yan most interested in,Can mobilize more people love reading.

中学生如何理解“魔幻现实主义”？ High school students how to understand"Magic realism"?

　　“泛着青蓝幽幽光的铁砧子上，有一个金色的红萝卜。红萝卜的形状和大小都象一个大个阳梨，还拖着一条长尾巴，尾巴上的根根须须象金色的羊毛。……”这是短篇小说《透明的红萝卜》中红萝卜第一次出现时的描述。

"Extensive cyanine faint light iron on the anvil,There is a golden carrots.Carrot shape and size can like a big pwaches,Also dragged a long tail,The root of the tail roots must be like the golden fleece...."This is a short story[Transparent carrots]For the first time in carrot appear description.

　　据介绍，教材编写者一开始曾考虑《红高粱》节选，但《透明的红萝卜》篇幅比较短，可以全篇选入，能让学生有比较完整的理解。这篇小说塑造了一个充满苦难但不失童趣的乐观“黑孩”的形象，作为心灵象征的“红萝卜”如神来之笔。在上世纪80年代发表后，被看作是莫言的成名之作。

According to introducing,Teaching material writers began had considered[Red sorghum]excerpts,but[Transparent carrots]Shorter length,Passage can be selected,Can let students have relatively complete understanding.This novel shaping a full of suffering but do not lose the optimism of tong qu"Black boy"image,As a symbol of mind"carrots"As a delicate touch.In the 1980 s after published,Mo yan is regarded as the famous work.

　　听说是这篇作品入选，北京大学中文系教授、儿童文学作家曹文轩表示“这篇小说完全适合中学生阅读”。他对莫言的作品很熟悉，并认为莫言有一些文字适合给学生看，尤其适合高中生阅读。

Heard that this piece of work is selected,Beijing university Chinese department professor/Children's literature writer adopts said"This novel completely suitable for middle school students to read".He works to mo yan is very familiar with,And that MoYanYou some text for students are given,Especially suitable for senior high school students.

　　“这篇《透明的红萝卜》不难理解，不能小看现在的学生。如今有的孩子在网上接触的东西很多，有着自己丰富的想象力，其实有了新的想象力的模式，阅读莫言充满丰富的‘想象力’作品对少年儿童的教育应该是有启发的。”

"This article[Transparent carrots]Is not difficult to understand,Cannot look down upon students now.Now some children in the online contact a lot of things,Have their own rich imagination,Actually there is a new mode of imagination,Reading mo yan is full of rich‘imagination’Works for children education should be improving."

　　曹文轩认为，莫言的作品此前没有被选入与他作品的篇幅、风格不无关系。莫言的小说风格多样、充满神奇的、荒诞的、狂欢的个性，但其中有一些作品描写怪异或阴暗，有的并不一定适合给小孩子看。

Attempt to think,Mo yan's works have not been previously selected works with his length/Style was related.Mo yan's novel style diversity/Full of magic/absurd/Revelry character,But there are some works describe strange or dark,Some must not suitable for children to watch.

避免课堂解读扼杀“想象力” Avoid class reading kill"imagination"

　　被高中教材“接纳”后的莫言作品，是否会失去原有的“魔幻”色彩，成为又一个“标准答案”的牺牲品？

Was high school teaching materials"acceptance"Mo yan after work,Whether it will lose the original"magic"colour,Become another"Standard answer"Victims of?

　　对此，曹文轩认为家长们多虑了，现在的中学语文没有那么“死板”。自2001年我国启动第八次课程改革开始，语文教材在不断地调整，打破了以往由人民教育出版社一家垄断教材编写出版的“一纲一本”模式，出现了苏教版、北师大版、华师大版等多种版本，开放了很多。

this,Attempt to think parents overrated,Now the middle school language not so"rigid".Since 2001, our country start eighth curriculum reform began,Language teaching material in constant adjustment,Broke the past by people's education press a monopoly compiling teaching materials published"A class a"mode,Appeared well-selected Sue/Beijing normal university version/HuaShiDa version and various versions,Open a lot of.

　　中国人民大学文学院教授王家新认为，与教材入选相比，课堂上解读的单一性、刻板性依旧值得注意，“我自己的一首诗歌就被选入现在人教版的初中语文教材。不过有一次听到课堂上对我作品‘中心思想’的拔高解读，听得我都不好意思了。”

Chinese people's university professor of literature WangGuXin think,Compared with the teaching material selected,Class unity of interpretation/Stereotype is still noticeable,"I own a poetry was elected to the now the well-selected junior middle school language teaching material.But once heard class work to me‘Center thought’High interpretation of,Hear me embarrassed."

　　一篇作品是否该入选教材讨论的背后，是人们长期以来对语文教材“焦虑症”的表现。其实，如今很多人已经认识到“标准答案”的害处，过去的刻板教学方式已经有所松动了，并不是“铁板一块”的解读。随着越来越多的中学的老师认识到这个问题，语文教学正逐渐向着真正有启发性的教学模式靠拢。（完）

One of the works is the discussion of the teaching material in behind,It is people for a long time to the language teaching material"anxiety"performance.In fact,Nowadays many people have come to realize"Standard answer"bad,The past stereotyped teaching methods have been loose,And not"A monolithic block"Interpretation of.With more and more middle school teacher to recognize the problem,Chinese teaching is gradually toward a real eye-opening teaching mode draw together.(finish)