储朝晖告诉记者，即使目前实行“一标多本”，但实际上教材的编写依然无法摆脱行政色彩，由出版社或者专家编写的教材，牵头和审定基本还是行政主管部门，大多数教材还是以“有关部门规定文本”的姿态出现，他认为，取消核准之后，编写教材人员的主体应当改变，“什么人编写教材，选择什么样的教材，主体应该是最熟悉学生成长规律的一线教师。”他举了个例子，广受推崇的“民国老课本”为什么至今还受到欢迎，因为它是纯粹来自民间的，编写者是叶圣陶等人这样的教育实践者，完全符合孩子的特点和需要，所以“透着民众皮肤上的冷暖，经得起时间的考验。”

Store from zhaohui told reporters,Even though the present practice"A mark the",But in fact the compiling of textbooks still can't get rid of administrative color,By the press or experts to write teaching materials,Lead and basic or authorized competent administrative department,Most textbooks or"The relevant departments provisions text"Posture appeared,He thinks,Cancel after approval,Write the main body of teaching personnel shall be changed,"What person writing teaching material,Choose what kind of teaching material,Main body should be the most familiar with the students' growth law of a line teachers."He cited a example,Widely respected"Old textbooks ("Why still welcome,Because it is pure from folk,Writers who is organizing such education practitioners,Fully comply with the child's characteristics and needs,so"Through the public on the skin changes in temperature,Stand the test of time."

【老师说】 [The teacher said]

“我再怎么执笔也是打工的” "I can't write is working"

　　记者了解到，在北京，一些一线教师实际上早已经参与到教材的编写工作中，但是行政主管部门的“指导”，让他们有一种“带着枷锁跳舞”的感觉。

The reporter understands,In Beijing,Some one line teachers in fact have involved in compiling the teaching material of work,But of the competent administrative department"guidance",Let them have a kind of"With chains to dance"feeling.

　　北京四中的特级语文老师顾德希从1982年开始参与人教社的教材编写，是四套中学语文教材的主要执笔人，又几十年在教学一线，对语文教学的沉疴有深刻的把握。然而对于教材的编写，他有不少苦衷：“我再怎么执笔，也是打工的。老板是人教社。他们按照教育部指示办，行政色彩很重。新的大纲下来了，要素质教育，课程改革，教材就跟着变。其实无非是换几篇课文，有时候也没换。”很长一段时间，顾德希只能在自己的课堂上零敲碎打地小改良，大动作很难实施。

Beijing four of the super Chinese teacher GuDeXi begin from 1982 to participate in taught club compiling teaching materials,Four sets of middle school language teaching material is the main penner,And dozens of years in teaching a line,Chinese language teaching to the severe and lingering illness have profound grasp.Yet for the compiling of textbooks,He has a lot of difficulties:"I can't write,Is also working.The boss is troubled by the club.They according to ministry of education instructions,Administrative colour is very heavy.The new syllabus down,For quality education,Curriculum reform,Teaching materials followed variable.In fact it is in a few text,Sometimes also didn't change."For a long time,GuDeXi only in his class LingQiaoSuiDa small improvement,Big action is difficult to implement.

“有经验的老师抛开课本教学生” "Experienced teacher put aside books teach students"

　　一线教师对于教材的不认同导致了一些奇特的现象。北京市陈经纶中学语文特级教师王大绩告诉记者，对于近年一直遭到诟病的语文教材问题，他已经“不会和教材较劲”，他向记者透露了一个“业内秘密”，“不少有经验的语文老师采取的方法是，并不依赖教材，有些名师甚至完全抛开课本，按照自己的一套语文教学体系进行，重点是在教学生，而不是教课本。”他认为，目前的语文教材的编写和教学有距离，“虽然编写教材有一线教师参与，但是主体还是行政主管部门和大学中文系的专家，行政官员选文章的重点在于意识形态，中文系专家看重的是文学史，他们并不了解中学生的语文教育的特点，其实中学语文不需要多高深和专业，它教给学生的无非是：生活、语言和思维。”

A line for teachers teaching material does not agree with led to some strange phenomenon.Beijing manager nylon the middle school language superfine teacher WangDaJi told reporters,For in recent years has been for language teaching material was the problem,He has"Not fighting and materials",He has revealed a"The secret","Many experienced Chinese teacher take method is,Does not depend on teaching material,Some masters or even completely put aside textbooks,According to own a set of Chinese teaching system,Key is teaching students,Rather than teach textbooks."He thinks,The current language teaching material compilation and teaching have distance,"Although the writing teaching materials have a teachers' participation in line,But the main body or administrative departments and university] of experts,Administration officials choose this article will focus on ideology,Chinese experts value is the history of literature,They do not understand the characteristics of the students' Chinese language education,In fact the middle school language don't need more advanced and professional,It is nothing more than teach students:life/Language and thinking."

“提高教学水平而不依赖教材” "Improve the teaching level and not rely on teaching material"

　　北京十五中的一名资深语文老师也证实了这种情况，“教材改了很多版本，其实是换汤不换药，我们能做的，只能是不断提高自己的教学水平，好的文章重点讲详细讲，不好的文章根本不涉及，根据学生的需求给他们提供更大的阅读学习空间，而不依赖教材中选择的这些篇目。”四中有语文名师，精通古典文学，自己给学生开出学习的古文课程，放弃教材，也一度引发争议。

ShiWuZhong Beijing a senior Chinese teacher also confirmed this kind of situation,"Textbooks changed many versions,Is actually mutton dressed as lamb,We can do,Can only be continuously improve their teaching level,Good this paper mainly speak detailed speak,Bad articles don't involved,According to the needs of their students to provide them with more reading learning space,And not rely on in the teaching material the choice of these contents."4 have Chinese teacher,Proficient in classical literature,His open to students learning the course of ancient prose,Give up teaching material,Also once controversial.

【教师编教材】 [The teacher woven materials]

试验版尝“新”引发轩然大波 Test version of the taste"The new"Caused a storm in a teacup

　　正是由于这种状况，北京一些优秀老师萌发了自己编套教材的想法，在教材改革的进程中，2007年北京的教材改革曾经做出过大胆的尝试，试用的北京版语文教材一度在社会上引发轩然大波，它的主编群体正是具有多年教学经验的中学教师们，四中老师顾德希担任主编。

It is because of this situation,Beijing some excellent teacher germination himself knitting set the idea of teaching materials,In the process of teaching reform,The 2007 Beijing textbook reform ever made bold attempt,Trial version of Beijing language teaching material in the society once caused a storm in a teacup,It is the editor of the group with many years of experience in teaching of middle school teachers,4 the teacher GuDeXi as editor in chief.

　　据顾德希介绍，最初是2002年左右，当时教材改革刚放开，他和一些老师就萌生了一个意愿，想在北京市搞一套思路不同于人教版的语文教材，大家“志同道合”，出于个人的兴趣，带着一种“玩票”的想法参与进来。2006年，刚好赶上北京市教委要选用两套高中语文教材，这个项目通过了评审，这个教材的试验版本最终由北京出版社出版，在北京市少数几个学校试教。这版教材的“新”体现在增加了不少20世纪末、21世纪初的作品，包括海子、余华、铁凝、贾平凹、阿城等中青年诗人、作家作品，甚至金庸作品也入选阅读篇目，这在北京市使用的语文教材中还是第一次。

According to GuDeXi introduced,First is 2002 years,At that time the teaching materials reform just let go,He and some teachers is arousing a intend to,Want to make a set of ideas in Beijing is different from the people of the well-selected language teaching material,everyone"some",Out of personal interest,With a"make"Thoughts involved.In 2006,,Just to catch up with the Beijing municipal education commission should choose two sets of high school language teaching material,The project passed the review,This teaching material test version of the final by Beijing publishing,In Beijing a few school teaching practice.This edition of teaching materials"The new"Reflected in increased many at the end of the 20th century/At the beginning of 21st century works,Including haizi/Yu hua/Tie ning/Jia ping-wa/Young and middle-aged poet cheng, etc/Writers and works,Even jin yong's works in reading contents,In Beijing the use of Chinese in the teaching material is the first time.

“我们是敲鼓的，别人定音儿” "We are of the drum,Others YinEr set"

　　参与这套教材编写的王大绩老师告诉记者，这版教材虽然有所创新，但是在媒体质疑和行政部门的干预下，其编写主旨仍有与中学教学相背离之处，“虽然不少老师参与了编写，但是我们是敲鼓的，别人定音儿，最终的决定权不在我们手里。”王老师不无遗憾。

Participate in the compiling teaching materials of WangDaJi teacher told reporters,This edition of teaching materials may be innovation,But in the media questioned and administrative departments under the intervention,The writing purpose still have and the middle school teaching phase deviation place,"Although many teachers participated in the writing,But we are knock drum,Others YinEr set,The final decision is not in our hands."Teacher wang not regret.

　　最终的决定权依然掌握在行政部门手中，记者了解到，虽然此次教材编写核准取消，但并不意味着教育部对教材的完全放权，以前教材编写过程，简单而言，主要是立项核准送审修改试验选用，现在已经取消了核准，但是一本教材能否被选用还要过审定关。

The final say still control in the hands of the administrative department,The reporter understands,Although the compiling teaching materials approved cancel,But this does not mean that the ministry of education to teaching material's completely decentralization,Before compiling teaching materials process,simply,The main project is approved/modification test selection,Now has been canceled approval,But a textbook selection can be it will be close examination.

　　对此，储朝晖研究员表示，这次的改革他认为“还不够放权”：“教材审定应该组建独立的第三方审查机构，由专业委员会或者专业学术团体来执行。”他表示，这种教材编审模式在国外已经相当成熟。

this,Store from zhaohui researcher said,The reform he thinks"Enough decentralization":"Authorized teaching material should set up an independent third party censorship,By professional committee or professional academic group to execute."He said,This teaching material editor mode in foreign countries has quite mature.

【谁来选教材】 [Who will choose materials]

教材征订滋生腐败“灰色空间” Subscription teaching corruption"Grey space"

　　教材通过审定之后，由谁来对教材进行选择，这也成为此次教材“行政放权”的一个关注点，储朝晖研究员表示，长期以来，在各地市，光教材征订就滋生了很多“灰色空间”。“在一些省市，选哪种教材由行政官员说了算，在选择的过程中，会产生诸多利益纠葛。”虽然教育部多次下发文件，规定“地（市）教育行政部门应成立教材选用委员会，负责教材选用工作。教材选用委员会应由骨干教师、校长、学生家长代表及教育行政、科研人员组成。”但实际上实施并不顺利。

Teaching materials through after examination and approval,Who will choose to the teaching material,It also become the teaching material"Administrative decentralization"One of the concerns,Store from zhaohui researcher said,For a long time,In every city,Light subscription teaching is set amongst the many"Grey space"."In some provinces and cities,Choose what kind of teaching material by administration officials have the final say,In the selection process,Can produce many interests imbroglio."Although, ministry of education issued by multiple files,provisions"to(city)Education administrative departments should be established teaching material selection committee,Responsible for the selection of teaching materials work.Teaching material selection committee should by backbone teachers/The headmaster/The parents of the students representatives and education administration/Scientific research personnel composition."But the fact is not smooth implementation.

　　有教育界人士指出其中奥秘：一本教材定价虽低，但是印量巨大，一个省一个年级的学生动辄几十万，其中的利润空间可想而知，成为暴利行业之一。而能否被选用，直接跟省级教育行政部门有关，于是出版社与行政部门的关系就变得微妙起来。2009年落马的四川省教育厅副厅长汪风雄，他的贪污案件和指定四川省中小学使用教材的版本，并涉嫌从中渔利有关，而他并不是被教材绊下马的第一人。

Educators have pointed out that the mystery:A textbook pricing is low,But YinLiang huge,A province a grade students frequently hundreds of thousands of,One of the profit space cans be imagined,As one of the industry profits.And can be chosen,Directly with the provincial education administrative departments relevant,Then press and administrative department relation becomes subtle up.2009 lok ma province of sichuan provincial deputy director WangFengXiong,His corruption cases and designated primary and secondary schools in sichuan province using teaching material's version,And alleged profit from relevant,And he is not be teaching materials for the first dismount.

教材选择权应交给学校和老师 Teaching material option should be handed over to the school and teacher

　　为此，储朝晖研究员建议，国家取消教材编写核准权后，要进一步严格教育大纲标准，推动中小学教材优胜劣汰，教材的选择权，应该交给学校和老师，择优而选。

therefore,The researchers suggest that store from zhaohui,National cancel compiling teaching materials after approval authority,To further strict education syllabus standard,Promote the teaching material of middle and primary school survival of the fittest,Teaching material option,Should be to the school and teacher,Preferred and choose.

　　事实上，在很多国家和地区，教材的选择是由市场裁决的。北京教科院基础教育课程教材发展研究中心进行的一项关于国外教材的调查报告显示，德、法、韩等各国教科书的编写出版都采用自由开放的政策，在严格按照国家课程大纲总体精神的前提下，教科书的编写多由民间出版社组织完成，采用自由竞争的教科书出版模式，经过权威机构审查通过之后，最后由市场裁决，真正实现了“一纲多本”。版本众多的教科书，增加了教科书市场的竞争力，也从另一个侧面促进教科书质量的提高，各家出版社只有通过不断学习和研究教育新成果，提高教科书编写和制作水平，在教科书内容和形式上不断更新，才能在竞争中取胜。

In fact,In many countries and regions,Selection of teaching material is determined by the market award.Beijing to teach science college foundation education course teaching material development research center of a foreign teaching materials about the survey,DE/method/Korea and other countries and the writing of the textbook published by a free and open policy,In in strict accordance with the national curriculum outline the premise of general spirit,Textbook writing is much by folk press organized to complete,The free competition of the textbook publishing mode,After authorities after examination through,The last award by the market,To achieve a truly"A steel much this".Version many textbooks,Increased the textbook market competitiveness,Also from another side to promote the improvement of the quality of the textbook,Each press only through continuous learning and research education new results,Improve the textbook compilation and production level,In the textbook content and form constantly updated,To win in the competition.

　　而教材的选择则一般由学校决定，例如德国，教材一般由教师或校长、教师及学生家长开会商定，商定后由学校统一购买。教育行政部门无权干预。而在我国的香港，目前主要由学校自主决定教材，不一定用教育局推荐的文章或书目，也不一定要选择某个出版商的教材，完全可以自己编写适合本校学生的教材。不过，大多数学校目前采取的做法是，选择一本出版的教材，然后根据课程设计需要增删，并辅助以本校设计的教材。

And the selection of teaching material is commonly by the school decision,Germany, for example,,Teaching material is composed of a teacher or the headmaster/Teachers and parents agree on the meeting,After agreed by the school uniform purchase.Education administrative departments have no power to intervene.But in the our country Hong Kong,At present mainly by the school teaching material independent decision,Not recommended with bureau of the articles or books,Also does not necessarily have to choose a publisher textbooks,Completely can write suitable for students' textbooks.but,Most schools are now take practice is,Choose a book published materials,Then according to the curriculum design need additions and deletions,Aided by the design of the teaching material.

　　“教材放开肯定是个大方向，但放开之后的规范还有待确立。”储朝晖研究员说。记者就此事联系教育部主管部门，答复为：“相关工作正在进行。”（记者 张鹏）

"Teaching material release must be a way,But after let go of standard remains to be established."Store from zhaohui researchers say.The reporter contact the department in charge of the ministry of education,Answer for:"Relevant work is on."(Reporter zhang)