（8）不可盲目跳楼。在得不到及时救援，又身居高层的情况下切不可盲目跳楼，可用房间内的床单、被里、窗帘等织物撕成能负重的布条连成绳索，系在窗户或阳台的构件上滑向楼下。

(8)Do not jump blindly down the building.In not timely rescue,And in top condition degrading do not jump blindly down the building,Available room sheet/Was defended by both/The curtain fabric tore into the cloth weight joined rope,System in the window of the balcony or unit of the downstairs into.

　　（9）如果着火点位于自己所处位置的上层，此时应向楼下逃去，直至到达安全地点；如果着火点位于自己所处位置的下层，且火和烟雾已封锁向下逃生的通道，应尽快往楼上逃生、楼顶平台是一个比较安全的场所，如楼顶有水箱，可用水浇湿自己的衣服，以抵御火焰的高温熏烤；如果在向楼顶平台逃生的过程中，发现自己被火、烟追上且又封锁了向上的道路，此时应果断地改选横向逃生路线，从另一层楼的走廊通道逃生，或退守到该层有利于逃避的房间内。

(9)If the ignition point is located in the upper position ourselves,At this time, should go downstairs to escape,Until reaching safety place;If the ignition point is located in ourselves lower position,And fire and smoke already closed down escape path,Should be upstairs to escape as soon as possible/The building on the head platform is a safer place,Such as the roof have water tank,Can water the wet clothes,As a protection against the flame of high temperature fume roast;If in the building on the head platform to escape process,Find yourself be fire/Smoke overtake and and blocked up the road,At this time, should decisively re-election transverse escape routes,From another floor corridor channel escape,Or withdraw to the layer to escape the room.

　　权威提示：朝阳区教委姜继为副主任

Authority hint:Chaoyang district education commission vice director of the ginger

　　一些动作和技能做对了是安全的，但做错了就有可能是危险的，在实践课中一定要严格按照培训教师的要求完成各项实践活动，也希望同学们在学习中能够摆脱“娇气”，在生存教育中锻炼自身的耐力。

Some action and skills to do is safe,But doing wrong may be dangerous,In practice in the class must be in strict accordance with the requirements of the training teachers to finish the practice activity,Also hope that the students in the study can get rid of"effeminacy",In survival education in their own endurance exercise.

　　紧急救护篇

Emergency rescue article

　　中小学生必备的紧急救护知识

Primary and middle school students the necessary emergency rescue knowledge

　　案例：有报道称，据不完全统计，2006年3月-11月，海南省已有49名中小学生意外溺水死亡。值得注意的是，有学生溺水后，同行学生下水施救时，方法不当造成死亡人数上升。2006年6月7日下午昌江黎族自治县乌烈镇第一小学一名女学生在昌化江玩耍溺水后，其他同学纷纷下水施救，由于学生们缺乏溺水施救的基本知识，结果造成7人先后溺水死亡的惨剧。

case:Reports say,According to incomplete statistics,March 2006 - November,Hainan province 49 name for primary and middle school students' unexpected drowning death.It is important to note that,Have students after drowning,Peer students when water rescue,Methods caused by improper death toll.On June 7, 2006 afternoon ChangJiang li autonomous county monkshood fierce town first primary school a female students in play after ChangHuaJiang drowning,The other students have been launching rescue,Because the students lack of the basic knowledge of drowning rescue,The result has seven people drowning death of tragedy.

　　网名为“态度决定生活”的网友发布了这样一条紧急救护的顺口溜：“发现生命先送水，未能饮水先补液；清理口鼻头偏侧，呼吸通畅是原则；臀部肩膀往外托，不可硬拽伤关节；伤口出血靠压迫，夹板木棍定骨折；颈腰损伤勿扭曲，硬板移动多人托。”该帖子引发了众多网友的讨论、叫好。究竟中小学生应掌握哪些紧急救护知识呢？记者采访了红十字协会张老师，请她为中小学生们梳理了应掌握的紧急救护知识。

Net is"Attitude decides life"The net friend issued such a ShunKouLiu emergency care:"Find out life to send water,Failed to drinking water first fluid infusion;Clean up the tip of mouth partial side,Breathe easy is principle;Hip shoulder to the holder,Do not hard drag injury joint;The wound bleeding by oppression,Plate sticks fixed fractures;Neck waist injury not distortion,Hard board move people holder."This post caused many users to discuss/hurrah.What primary and middle school students should master knowledge? What emergency care?The reporter interviewed the Red Cross association teacher zhang,Please her for primary and middle school students should grasp the combed the emergency rescue knowledge.

　　3.止血方法攻略

3. Hemostatic method strategy

　　（1）直接压迫止血法：通过把厚的纱布或布片按到伤口上用力压迫来止血，可以直接用手用力按住，也可以用绷带扎紧。如果伤口是在手或脚上，还应该把手或脚抬高并保持固定。

(1)Direct oppression hemostasis:Through the thick gauze cloth or on the wound force oppression to stop bleeding,Can directly with the hand holding force,Also can use the bandage lashes.If the wound is in hand or foot,Should also put his hand or foot up and maintain fixed.

　　（2）间接压迫止血法：当使用直接压迫止血法不能有效止血时，应在直接压迫的同时，用手指或手掌把出血部位到心脏间的靠近心脏部位的动脉用力向下按压到骨头上。

(2)Indirect oppression hemostasis:When using direct oppression hemostasis cannot effectively when bleeding,Direct pressure should be in at the same time,With your fingers or palm the bleeding site to the heart of the heart region between near the artery to press down hard on the bone.

　　4.外伤包扎攻略

4. Trauma wrapping up strategy

　　伤口暴露很容易被病菌感染，受伤后应剪开伤口周围的衣物，将碎片或杂物从伤口部位彻底清除，先沿伤口中央，逐渐向外围清洗，擦干后，用清洁的纱布包扎好并确保相对舒适。

The wound exposure is easy to be infected with disease germs,After the injury should be cut open wound around the clothing,Will pieces or parts of the material from the wound thoroughly clear,Go along the wound central,Gradually to peripheral cleaning,Dry after,With clean gauze and ensure relatively comfortable.

　　5.外伤治疗攻略

5. Trauma treatment strategy

　　（1）烫伤：轻微烫伤应立即用冷水冲洗受伤部位，清除创面，用生理盐水冲洗，涂清凉油或烫伤膏。严重烫伤，应立即用清洁纱布盖住伤处去医院就医。

(1)scald:Minor burns shall immediately use cold water flushing the injured area,Clear wounds,With physiological saline flushing,Besmear cooling oil or burn cream.Severe burns,Should immediately with a clean cloth cover wounds to hospital.

　　（2）冻伤：轻度冻伤，可以把冻伤部位放到温暖处，禁止用火烤、雪搓、冷水泡，同时禁止捶打患处，冻伤后水疱应在一两日内切开，排除液体。重度冻伤万不可挑破水疱，摩擦伤处，最好用厚物取暖。

(2)frostbite:Mild frostbite,Can put the frostbite parts on a warm place,Ban on the use of fire/Snow lay/Cold water bubble,It also banned beat affected part,After the frostbite blister should be in a couple of days after incision,Exclude liquid.Severe frostbite do not pick broken blisters,Friction wounds,Had better use thick content heating.

　　6.中暑救治攻略

6. Heat treatment strategy

　　（1）先兆中暑和轻症中暑：解开衣领，撤离高温环境，选择阴凉通风的地方休息，并多饮用一些含盐分的清凉饮料。在额部、太阳穴涂抹清凉油、风油精等药物，如出现血压降低或虚脱时应立即平卧，及时上医院静脉滴注盐水。

(1)Aura heat and light disease heatstroke:Unlock collar,Evacuation high temperature environment,Choose a cool ventilated place to rest,And drinking some saline cool and refreshing drink.In the frontal/Temporal daub essential balm/Wind oily essence drug,If there is a lower blood pressure or collapse should immediately prostrate,In time on the hospital drip brine.

　　（2）重症中暑：将患者移到阴凉处，让其平卧或抬高下肢。热痉挛时，牵伸痉挛肌肉使之缓解，并服用含盐清凉饮料。日射病时，头部用冰袋或冷水湿敷。热射病时，应迅速降温，如用冷水或冰水擦身至皮肤发红，或在额、颈、腋下等处放置冰袋，也可以用50%酒精擦浴。

(2)Severe heatstroke:Patients will be moved to the shade,Let the prostrate or raise lower limbs.When heat cramps,Draft spasm muscle to ease,And taking salt cool and refreshing drink.Insolation when,Head with ice packs or cold water wet apply.Heat stroke when,Rapid cooling should be,If use cold water or ice water to brush red skin,Or in the forehead/neck/The place such as armpit place ice packs,Can also use 50% alcohol to wipe bath.

　　7.扭伤判断与治疗攻略

7. Sprain judgment and treatment strategy

　　关节扭伤常会伴随着肌腱组织撕裂或离位。伤员疼痛难忍，受伤部位肿胀，时间一长会出现青肿斑。最好全方位运动关节，以便确定是否扭伤。但不要过分剧烈摆动伤处，否则很可能会导致永久性损伤。用冷水浸泡扭伤的关节部位，可以缓解青肿。有必要的话，用绷带支持，抬高伤肢并充分休息。扭伤脚踝后若仍必须赶路，就不要脱去靴子，否则，关节处青肿会使你无法再把靴子套在脚上，且靴子还起到类同夹板的固定作用。

Joint sprain often with tendon tissue tear or fall from office.The wounded is so painful,Swelling of the injured area,A long time, will appear bruises spot.The best comprehensive sports joints,In order to determine whether sprain.But do not be too severe swing wounds,Or it may result in permanent damage.Use cold water to immerse twisted joint parts,Can relieve bruises.It is necessary,Bandage support,Raise injury limb and rest adequately.I sprained my ankle after if still have to move on,Don't take off boots,otherwise,The joint contusion will make you can no longer put boots set on the foot,And boots also play a similar plate fixed effect.

　　权威提示：红十字协会张老师

Authority hint:The Red Cross association teacher zhang

　　中小学生学习紧急救护知识，有助于学生在突发事件中，进行正确的、及时的自救和互救。学习紧急救护知识，要理论与实践相结合。学生要在课后反复进行模拟练习，做到真正的掌握紧急救护技巧。遇到突发状况不要慌张，运用所学救护知识解决问题。

Primary and middle school students learning emergency rescue knowledge,Help students in the incident,To correct/Timely self-help and mutualaid.Learning emergency rescue knowledge,To combining theory with practice.Students after class repeated simulation training,Do really grasp emergency rescue skills.Meet emergencies don't panic,By using their rescue knowledge to solve the problem.