Outdoor survival article

　　不得不知的四个户外生存常识

Not knowing the four outdoor survival common sense

　　案例：据报道，2011年7月8日阳江市阳东县12名中学生相约攀登紫罗山，其中7人想抄近路返回时却迷路，深夜被困深山。由于学生们缺乏户外生存知识，被困后已分不清自己身处何处，搜救队用打亮手电筒、鸣响警笛、开警灯等做信号指引也无济于事。随后搜救队拨通了其中一名被困学生的电话，问清其所处的地形地貌特征后，在搜救人员大力寻找后，于次日凌晨4点找到被困的7名学生。中小学生户外生存知识匮乏无疑加大了搜救队的搜寻难度，同时也提高了孩子们的户外生存风险。

case:According to the report,On July 8, 2011 YangDong county yangjiang 12 secondary school students meet climbing purple firm,Seven people want to cut return but get lost,Trapped the mountains at night.Because the students lack of outdoor survival knowledge,Trapped after don't know their points in where,Search and rescue team with a bright flashlight/Tingle siren/Open warning light and so on signal guidelines also of no help.Then search and rescue team called one of the trapped students telephone,The qing dynasty in landform features,In the search and rescue personnel to after looking for,The next day at 4:00 PM find trapped 7 students.Primary and middle school students lack of outdoor survival knowledge no doubt increased the difficulty of the search search and rescue team,At the same time improved children's outdoor survival risk.

　　“学习户外生存知识不仅可以降低户外游玩风险，也可以在学习的过程中锻炼学生的协调合作能力，培养学生性格中的责任感。”三夫户外运动管理有限公司总经理章超慧不仅向记者介绍了学习户外生存知识的好处，还提到了几个中小学生应该了解的户外生存常识。

"Learning outdoor survival knowledge can not only reduce the risk of outdoor play,Can also in the course of study exercise students' coordination and cooperation capacity,To cultivate students' personality of the sense of responsibility."Three husband outdoor sports management co., LTD., general manager ZhangChao hui introduces to the reporter not only learn the benefits of outdoor survival knowledge,Also mentioned the several primary and middle school students should know outdoor survival common sense.

　　8.打包方法攻略

8. Packing method strategy

　　很多人认为背包里的行李应该是重在下面，轻的在上面，事实上正好相反，应该把睡袋、衣物等轻物品放在下面，食品以及其他重的东西放在上面，这样背着会比较轻松。一些常用物品，如雨具、药品、指南针、笔、地图等应放在包的侧兜里，这样便于使用。背包左右两侧重量应保持相同，背起来使肩受力均匀，不易感到难受和疲惫。背带要牢固，并使之紧贴身体，让背包成为身体一部分，并把腰带也系上，让腰部分担一部分重量才不觉得负担很重。背包打好后要进行试背，检查一下背包是否贴近背部，是否有硬的东西顶着背部发疼，包里的东西是否稳固，两肩吃力是否均等，如不平衡要调整合适。

Many people think that backpack bags should be the emphasis on,Light in the above,In fact the opposite,Should put the sleeping bag/Clothing items in the light,Food and other heavy things on top,So carry be easier.A few commonly used goods,If rain gear/drugs/compass/pen/Map should be in the side pocket bag,So it is easy to use.Left or right side backpack weight should keep the same,Back up to shoulder force uniform,Is not easy to feel bad and exhaustion.Braces to firm,And close to the body,Let the backpack become part of the body,And the belt also fasten,Let the waist share some of the load weight don't think burden is heavy.Backpack play to back after test,Check the backpack is close to the back,If there is a hard thing to send against the back pain,The contents of the bag is stable,Two shoulder sweaty is equal,If you don't want to adjust the right balance.

　　9.行进方法攻略

9. Travel method strategy

　　（1）平路：在平坦的路上行走，把步幅放大，这样不仅可以节省体力而且便于休息。

(1)Flat road:In the flat road to walk,The stride amplification,Thus, it can not only save energy and easy to rest.

　　（2）山路：山路行进的四种错误方式。第一，步幅太大，无节奏。第二，弯腰，面朝下，只看脚面。第三，一手插在裤兜里，一手提东西走路。第四，重心全部放在脚跟或前脚掌。在上路行走时可以选择一根基本与自己等高的手杖，既可以做登山杖，又可用来开路、粗略测量、防身。

(2)Mountain road:Mountain road along the four the wrong way.The first,Stride is too big,No rhythm.The second,Bent down,Face down,Only look at his.The third,A plug in the pockets,A portable things to walk.The fourth,Focus completely on the heel or foot before.In the hit the road walk can choose a root basic and their contour stick,Can do alpenstock,And can be used to open/Rough measurement/self-defense.

　　（3）上坡：步行上坡时，步幅要放小，手臂摆开，身体微向前倾，不要东张西望，若坡度大可以借助外力。

(3)uphill:Walk uphill,Steps to take,Arm lay out,The body slightly forward,Don't look in all directions,If the slope can by external forces.

　　（4）下坡：下坡时，要全脚掌着地，身体微向后倾，目视前方，两腿呈弓步，切忌并脚停下，这样易跌倒。

(4)downhill:Downhill at,To golpe touchdown,The body micro retreat,Visual ahead,Two legs is arch step,Avoid by all means is and stop feet,So easy to fall.

　　10.方向识别攻略

10. Direction recognition strategy

　　（1）影钟法：在一块平地上，竖直放置1米长的垂直树干。注明树影所在位置，顶端用石块或树棍标出，15分钟后，再标记出树干顶端在地面上新的投影位置。两点间的连线会给出你东西方向首先标出的是西。南北方向与连线垂直。这种方法适用于任何经纬度地区，一天中的任何时间，只是必须有阳光，用它可以检测你移动的方向。

(1)Shadow clock method:In a piece on the ground,Vertical placed one meter long vertical tree trunk.Indicate the position of the shadows,Top with rocks or tree stick mark,After 15 minutes,To mark the top trunk on the ground of the new projection position.The connection between two points will give you something direction first mark is west.North and south direction and connectivity vertical.This kind of method applies to any longitude and latitude area,One day in any time,But must have the sun,Use it can detect you move direction.

　　（2）方向指示植物：即使没有指南针或者阳光，你也能从植物中得出有关南北方向的信息。植物一般都趋向阳光生长，它们的花和大多数生长充裕的叶片在北半球时朝南，在南半球时朝北。树干上苔藓朝着阳光的一面会更绿、更充裕一些(对应面可能会变成黄色或棕色)。

(2)Direction indicator plant:Even without a compass or sunlight,You can also obtained from plants in the north and south direction of information.Plants generally tend to be sunshine growth,Their flowers and most of the growth in the northern hemisphere plenty of blade when facing south,When in the southern hemisphere toward the north.Tree moss toward the sun side will be more green/More abundant and some(The corresponding surface may become yellow or brown).

　　11.营地选择攻略

11. The campsite selection strategy

　　选择宿营地必须考虑到安全和舒适，理想的地点应该是平坦无太多石块，距离水源40-50米，可以防风防雨，而且不受落石、雪崩以及突如其来的涨水的威胁。夏季，露营地应选择在地势较高、干燥、通风且蚊虫较少的地方；冬季，应注意避风和取暖。

Choose cantonment must consider the safety and comfort,The ideal location should be smooth without too much stones,Distance water 40-50 meters,Can wind rain,And don't be rockfall/Avalanche and the sudden flood water threat.summer,Camping ground should choose in relief is higher/drying/Ventilation and mosquito less place;winter,Should pay attention to shelter and heating.

　　不适宜搭帐篷的地点有：其一，山顶，通常山顶风比较大。其二，谷底及深不可测的山洞，此处潮湿且危险。其三，有流水痕迹的地方及河滩地，该地易受突如其来的山洪危害。其四，通向水源的山嘴，该处常为兽类饮水必经之路。

Not suitable for tent sites have:one,The top of the mountain,Usually mountain wind is bigger.The second,The bottom and bottomless cave,This damp and dangerous.thirdly,Flow trace place and flood land,The vulnerable to sudden flash flood hazard.its,Lead to water spur,It is often the only way for earth drinking water.

　　权威提示：北京三夫户外运动管理有限公司总经理章超慧

Authority hint:Beijing three husband outdoor sports management co., LTD., general manager ZhangChao coma

　　在学习理论的同时要注意户外习惯的养成，利用平时去公园、郊外的出游时间，来运用练习所学到的知识。反复巩固，真正地掌握所学户外生存技巧。并且在户外出行时要注意人与自然的和谐相处，注重环保。

In the theory of learning at the same time should pay attention to outdoor habits,Use usually go to the park/Suburban travel time,To use practice the knowledge you have learned.Repeated consolidate,Really learning outdoor survival skills.And when the outdoor travel must pay attention to the harmony between man and nature,Pay attention to environmental protection.