由朝阳区教委、北京师范大学和中国社会福利基金会共同发起的“青少年第一人”生存培训项目活动，将在朝阳区18所中小学中拉开帷幕。与以往众多学生生存培训不同的是，这一培训活动更注重“实操”和专业化、长久化，因此也更利于学生们应对各种突发灾害、灾难。为了全面揭示青少年应具备哪些生存之道，记者采访了朝阳区开展“青少年第一人”项目培训的有关灾害应急、紧急救护、户外生存和心理与情感方面的专家，选取了中小学生必知的生存知识分享给广大读者。

Chaoyang district education commission by/Beijing normal university and China's social welfare foundation launched together"Teenagers first"Survival training project activities,Will be in chaoyang district and the curtain in middle schools and primary schools.And many students before survival training is different,This training activities paid more attention to"Real operating"And specialization/Long change,So also more conducive to the students to deal with all kinds of unexpected disasters/disaster.In order to fully reveal teenagers should have what the way of existence,The reporter interviewed in chaoyang district"Teenagers first"Project training about disaster emergency/Emergency rescue/Outdoor survival and the psychological and emotional aspects of experts,Select the primary and middle school students will know the survival of the knowledge sharing to readers.

　　灾害应急篇

Disaster emergency article

　　面对两大灾害，逃生办法全攻略

In the face of the two major disasters,QuanGongLve way to escape

　　案例：据媒体报道，四川安县桑枣中学紧邻北川，在汶川大地震中也遭受重创。但由于平时的多次演习，地震发生后，桑枣中学全校2200多名学生、上百名老师，从不同的教学楼和不同的教室中以1分36秒的时间全部冲到操场，无一人伤亡。从2005年开始，桑枣中学每学期都进行一次疏散演习，每个班的疏散路线、楼梯使用、不同楼层学生的撤离速度、到操场上的站立位置等，都事先固定好，力求快而不乱。

case:According to media reports,Sichuan xin mulberry jujube middle school next to beichuan,In wenchuan earthquake also suffered a severe blow.But as a result of at ordinary times many exercises,After the earthquake,Mulberry jujube middle school the school more than 2200 students/Hundreds of teacher,From different buildings and different classroom in 1 minute 36 second time all rushed to the playground,None casualties.Begin from 2005,Mulberry jujube middle school each semester are an evacuation drill,Each class of the evacuation route/Stair use/Different floor students' evacuation speed/To stand on the playground position, etc,All good fixed in advance,Strive to fast and not random.

　　由此看来，进行灾害应急培训，让学生掌握正确的突发灾害逃生要领，不仅可以保证灾害发生时学生的逃离速度，也能提高对学生生命安全的保障。面对地震和火灾这两大紧急灾害，中小学生究竟应该采取哪些紧急应对措施呢？

So it,For disaster emergency training,Let the students master the correct sudden disasters escape main point,Can not only ensure disasters occur student's escape velocity,Can also improve the students' life security.To face the earthquake and fire the two big emergency disaster,Primary and middle school students what should take emergency measures what??

　　1.地震逃生攻略

1. Seismic escape strategy

　　（1）室内：当地震发生时，如不能紧急撤离去往室外，就呆在里面，将火熄灭，远离玻璃特别是大的窗户（包括镜子）。室内的角落或有好的支撑的内部门道是最好的避难处，也可以躲在桌底或别的坚固的家具下，这样不仅能提供防护，而且还有较大的呼吸空间。但在商店时要远离大的货物展厅。在多层楼房且装有电梯的办公室里时，千万不要进入电梯。

(1)indoor:When an earthquake occurs,If you can not emergency evacuation destined for outdoor,Just stay in,Will fire put out,Stay away from glass especially big window(Including mirror).Indoor corner or have a good support internal gate is the best shelter,Also can hide in the table bottom or other strong under the furniture,This will not only provide protection,And there are bigger breathing space.But in the store to stay away from cargo exhibition hall.In the multilayer buildings and equipped with the elevator when the office,Don't enter the elevator.

　　（2）室外：在室外时不要往地下走或进入坑道，这会导致被困，要远离高大建筑物，不要跑动，最好平躺在地面。地震结束后不要立即进入建筑物内，首次地震使任何建筑物都不太牢固，如果接着再发生余震，建筑物有可能倒塌。

(2)outdoor:When outdoor do not go to underground walk or into the gallery,This will lead to trapped,To stay away from tall buildings,Don't run,Had better lie low is on the ground.After the earthquake don't immediately entered the building,The first earthquake make any buildings is not too strong,If then further aftershocks,Buildings may collapse.

　　2.火灾逃生攻略

2. Fire exit strategy

　　（1）火灾刚发生时，可趁火势很小，用灭火器、自来水等在第一时间灭火，同时呼喊周围人员参与灭火和报警。如有多人灭火，应进行分工，一部分人负责灭火，另一部分人清除火焰周围的可燃物，防止、减缓火势蔓延，切不可置小火于不顾而酿成大灾。

(1)Fire just happens,But while the fire is small,Use the fire extinguisher to/Such as tap water in the first time fire,At the same time around cry personnel in fire extinguishing and alarm.If there are many fire,Should carry on the division of labor,Some people responsible for the fire,The other part of clear flame around the fuel,prevent/Slow fire spread,Do not buy small fire in disregard and spawn great evil.

　　（2）火已及身，切勿惊跑。当身上衣服着火时，应赶紧设法脱掉衣服或就地打滚，压灭火苗；及时跳进水中或让人向身上浇水,可用湿被子盖灭火苗。

(2)Fire and body has,Do not stampede.When my clothes when the fire broke out,Should be to try to take off clothes or in situ wallow,Pressure fire extinguishing seedlings;Timely jumped into the water or let a person to water body,Available wet quilt cover fire extinguishing seedlings.

　　（3）逃生开门前应触摸门锁。若门锁温度很高或有浓烟从门缝中往里钻，则说明大火或烟雾已封锁房门出口，此时切不可打开房门。应退守房间，关闭房内所有门窗，用毛巾、被子等堵塞门缝，并泼水降温。同时利用手机等通讯工具报警。此外，滚到墙边也可防止房屋塌落砸伤自己。

(3)Open the door to escape should touch the door lock.If the lock temperature is very high or smoke from the door to drill,Then explaining the fire or smoke has blocked the door export,At this time must not opened the door.Should withdraw into their room,All the doors and Windows closed room,With a towel/Quilts and other jam crack,And splashed water to cool down the temperature.At the same time use mobile phone or other communication tool alarm.In addition,Roll to the wall also can prevent building caved by yourself.

　　（4）若门锁温度正常或门缝没有浓烟进来，说明大火离自己尚有一段距离，此时可开门观察外面通道的情况。开门时要用一只脚抵住门的下框，以防热气浪将门冲开。在确信大火未到时，应尽快逃出火场。通过浓烟区时要以最低姿势快速前进，并用湿毛巾捂住口鼻。

(4)If the lock temperature normal or crack of no smoke came in,Explain the fire from his there is a distance,At this time can open the door to observe outside channel situation.When you open the door with a foot to live under the door frame,In case the heat wave burst through the door.In the sure fire not there,Should escape from the fire as soon as possible.Through the smoke region at the lowest position to fast forward,And cover your mouth/nose with a wet towel.

　　（5）逃生勿入电梯。火场逃生要迅速，动作越快越好，但是，千万不要轻易乘坐普通电梯。因为发生火灾后，都会断电而造成电梯“卡壳”，这样逃生者会困在电梯中，反而处于更危险的境地，给救援工作增加难度；另外，电梯口直通大楼各层，火场上烟气涌入电梯并极易形成“烟囱效应”，人在电梯里随时会被浓烟毒气熏呛而窒息。

(5)Don't escape into the elevator.Fire escape to quickly,Action the sooner the better,but,Don't easily take common elevator.Because after the fire,Power will be caused by the elevator"Stove pipe",So who escape will be trapped in the lift,But in a more dangerous situation,To increase the difficulty relief work;In addition,The elevator through building each layer,The fire smoke into the elevator and formed easily"Chimney effect",People in the lift can readily be smoke gas smoked choke and asphyxia.

　　（6）楼梯可以救急，逃生时应尽量利用建筑物内的防烟楼梯间、封闭楼梯间、有外窗的通廊、避难层和室内设置的缓降器、救生袋、安全绳等设施。

(6)Stair can emergency,Escape should as far as possible when using structures within the smoke staircase/Enclosed stairway/Have the window propylaea/BiNanCeng and indoor set escape/Life chute/Safety rope and other facilities.

　　（7）不可钻床底、衣橱、阁楼。切记千万不可钻到床底下、衣橱内、阁楼上躲避，这是火灾现场中最危险的地方，而且又不易被消防人员发觉，难以获得及时的营救。

(7)Not drill bottom/almirah/attic.Remember that we must never drill under the bed/Almirah inside/From the attic,This is the scene of the fire in the most dangerous place,And is not easy to be firefighters found,Difficult to obtain timely rescue.