原标题：4个自闭症孩子的艰难“学途”(1)

OriginAl title:Four children with Autism difficult"LeArning wAy"(1)

　　10月9日早7点，妈妈送小磊到校门口。小磊今年14岁，自闭症儿童。今年在海淀某中学上初一。

On October 9, 7 points,Mother sent smAll lei to the school gAte.SmAll lei 14 yeArs old this yeAr,Autistic children.This yeAr in hAidiAn A high school junior on.

　　李明（化名）失学了。他的课堂，从北京朝阳区芳草地国际学校世纪小学四年级的教室变成了家里。

Li Ming(AliAs)Drop out of the.His clAss,From Beijing chAoyAng district FAngCAoDe internAtionAl school century fourth grAde clAssroom into A home.

　　9月底，在一起30余位家长联名劝退疑似孤独症学生和罢课事件中，他失去了读书的机会。在这些家长的描述中，他是个打同学、打老师，大声哭闹的学生。

By the end of September,More thAn 30 pArents together A joint QuAnTui suspected Autism students And strike event,He lost the opportunity to study.In these pArents' description,He is A dozen students/Dozen teAchers,Crying loudly students.

　　而在此几天前，深圳也曾发生类似劝退事件，一名孤独症儿童被19名家长联名劝退。

In the dAys before,Shenzhen hAve hAppened QuAnTui similAr events,A Autistic children were 19 pArents joint QuAnTui.

　　但在中国公益研究院今年发布的《中国自闭症儿童现状分析报告》显示，绝大部分自闭症家长认为，孩子应该随班就读。

But in ChinA welfAre institute releAsed this yeAr[ChinA Autistic children present situAtion AnAlysis report]displAy,Most pArents think Autism,Children should be reAd Along with the clAss.

　　通过走访，记者发现发生在孤独症孩子身上的“被劝退”事件绝非个案，从他们的经历中，透露出目前的教育环境似乎并未做好接受他们的准备。

Through the visit,Reporter discovery hAppened in Autistic children body"WAs QuAnTui"Event is not the cAse,From their experience,Show the current educAtion environment do not seem to do Accept their prepArAtion.

　　10月12日下午3时，下课铃响。10岁的洋洋绕开班级在校门口排的长队，冲出校门。他双手前后不规律地晃动，嘴里不时哼着的，是只有他才懂的语言。

On October 12, Afternoon 3 when,The bell rAng.Ten yeArs old with steer cleAr of clAss At the school gAte row of queue,Rushed out of the school gAte.His hAnds shAking Around errAticAlly,His mouth from time to time the hum,Is only he didn't understAnd the lAnguAge.

　　身后的这所打工子弟学校，夹杂在一片简易民居和厂房之间，仅有两栋简陋的两层校舍和一个狭小的操场。

Behind the school for children,Inclusion in A simple dwellings And between plAnt,Only A simple two of two floors of the building And A smAll plAyground.

　　这里接收了洋洋一个曾被学籍片区的名校拒绝入学，又被另一所小学劝退的自闭症儿童。

Here's A receives the school hAs been the AreA school deniAl of Admission,And by Another primAry school QuAnTui Autistic children.

　　“慢点儿，洋洋，等等姐姐。”陪读的小姐姐刘华（化名）跟在身后喊道。21岁学特殊教育出身的刘华，陪伴洋洋近1年了，她试图探索洋洋沉浸其中的世界，“可我始终弄不懂他在想什么。”

"slowly,oceAn,And so on sister."Or relAtives cAn Apply for little sister sun(AliAs)With behind you cried.21 yeArs old to leArn speciAl educAtion bAckground in the sun,CompAny's neArly 1 yeArs,She tried to explore the oceAn immersed one of the world,"But I still don't understAnd whAt he's thinking."

　　洋洋有双明亮清澈的大眼睛，但他的眼神却总是越过眼前的人，飘向远方。他对周围的一切似乎无动于衷；喜欢转着圈走路，不喜欢别人触碰；会整晚不睡觉，撕心裂肺地哭……

OceAn hAve double bright cleAr big eyes,But his eyes AlwAys Across the fAce of the person, .He seems to be indifferent to everything Around;Like to turn the circle to wAlk,Don't like other people touch;Will the whole night sleep,Tore heArt crAck lung to cry...

　　洋洋妈曾经很绝望，“他对我来说就像一个谜。任我求他，骂他，都没反应。他不懂得正常与人交往的方式。”

's mother wAs despAir,"He to me like A mystery.Term I Asked him,Scold him,Didn't reAction.He doesn't know normAl communicAtion mode."

　　行为刻板、存在社交障碍和语言沟通障碍，是自闭症群体的特征，但每一个自闭症孩子的表现也有不同。洋洋妈能很快描述出儿子的行为特性，并会特别强调洋洋从未攻击过人。

Stereotyped behAvior/Existing sociAl disorder And lAnguAge communicAtion disorders,Autism is A group of chArActeristics,But every Autistic children Also hAve different performAnce.YAngyAng mom cAn quickly describe the son's behAvior chArActeristic,And will speciAl emphAsis on oceAn never AttAck people.

　　尽管医生强调，自闭症将伴随洋洋终身，但像很多自闭症家长一样，洋洋妈希望儿子能走出孤独。而融合教育，正是她抓住的一根救命稻草。“他要在普通学校才能学会与人交往。”

Although the doctor emphAsize,Autism will AccompAny with life,But like mAny Autism As pArents,YAngyAng mom hope son cAn out of loneliness.And fusion educAtion,It is she cAught A piece of strAw."He will in ordinAry school to leArn how to communicAte with people."

　　班里的特殊孩子

The speciAl children in the clAss

　　在各类培智康复机构训练5年后，2010年，8岁的洋洋已能与人进行简单对话。

In All kinds of society-AdAptAtion rehAbilitAtion trAining institutions After five yeArs,In 2010,,Eight yeArs old with people's AlreAdy cAn simple diAlogue.

　　洋洋妈考察过一些培智学校，但那里的孩子翻来复去念“a、o、e”，计算简单的加减法，这些洋洋都会了。

YAngyAng mom investigAtion some society-AdAptAtion school,But there children reAd toss And turn"A/o/e",CAlculAtion simple Addition And subtrAction,These will be the oceAn.

　　洋洋妈打算把儿子送入普通小学。按学籍片区划分，洋洋应该分在海淀区一所名牌小学。

YAngyAng mom going to put son into ordinAry primAry school.According to the student stAtus AreA division,YAngyAng should points in hAidiAn district, A fAmous primAry school.

　　2010年秋季开学前，洋洋妈专程带儿子去学校拜访校长，结果连校领导的面都没见着。这所学校曾有位老师的孩子也是自闭症，但只在学校读了一个学期，就转到培智学校。校长认为，有特教老师的地方，更适合自闭症儿童。

Before the stArt of the Autumn of 2010,YAngyAng mom flew with son go to A school visit the heAdmAster,Results even the school leAder fAce didn't see.The school hAs A teAcher of the children will Also be Autism,But only in school for one semester,He turned to society-AdAptAtion school.The principAl think,A teAcher s plAce,More suitAble for Autistic children.

　　想到名校的竞争压力，洋洋妈改变思路。听说家门口的小学曾接受过福利院孩子，她托关系找到校长，终于为洋洋争取到试读机会。

Think of school competition pressure,YAngyAng mom chAnge the wAy of thinking.HeArd the door elementAry school children who hAd receied welfAre home,She hAs found the principAl relAtionship,FinAlly for the oceAn to the conditionAl Admission opportunity.

　　但学校没有陪读先例，“校长担心进班陪读会影响课堂。”专为洋洋上学聘请的陪读小姐姐，最终只能站在教室外面张望。

But the schools hAve no precedent or relAtives cAn Apply,"The heAdmAster worry or relAtives cAn Apply into clAss will influence the clAssroom."Designed for oceAn employed by the school or relAtives cAn Apply for the little sister,FinAlly cAn only stAnd outside the clAssroom quiz.

　　洋洋很快显出与众不同。

YAngyAng soon show different.

　　上课第一天，不懂上课规矩的他焦躁地晃动身体，嘴里发出含混不清的怪声，椅子摩擦水泥地面的刺耳声引起师生侧目。

School the first dAy,Don't understAnd clAss rules he fretfully rock body,A mouth mixed noise,The chAir friction cement ground jAngle cAuse need to teAchers And students.

　　班主任立即制止，就像火上浇油，洋洋的身体摇摆幅度更大，嘴巴发声更响，最后大哭起来。无奈之下，班主任只好让守在门外的“陪读”把洋洋先带回家。

The teAcher in chArge to stop immediAtely,Like Add fuel to the flAmes,YAngyAng body swAying Amplitude more big,Voice mouth more ring,The lAst burst into teArs.Helpless under,The teAcher in chArge hAve to let keep outside"Or relAtives cAn Apply"With the first home.

　　接下来的几天里，洋洋的情况在变糟，上着上着课，要么长时间发呆，要么走出教室，要么自言自语，或是无来由地大声哭叫。但老师没有给予这个特殊学生更多的“安抚”。

The next few dAys,OceAn in worse,Upper clAss on the,Or long time in A dAze,Either out of the clAssroom,Either to himself,Or no cAuse crying loudly.But the teAcher did not give this speciAl students more"AppeAse".

　　“他们和别的孩子不一样，需要更多的理解和包容。”这是几位自闭症家长发出的共同感慨，社会对自闭症的了解太少，制度对这个群体的支持不够完善，让孩子们的求学之路非常艰辛。

"They And the other child is not the sAme,Need more understAnding And tolerAnce."This is severAl Autism pArents A common feeling,Society for Autism understAnding too little,System on the support of this group is not perfect enough,Let children study roAd very hArd.

　　遭遇劝退危机

Encounter QuAnTui crisis

　　洋洋第一次的学校生活，仅仅维持了5天。

With the first school life,Only for five dAys.

　　对劝退的恐惧，无时无刻不盘亘在为孩子争取上学的自闭症家长心中。洋洋妈也不例外，在那5天里，“我的心一直提到嗓子眼，总是担惊受怕，拿电话的手直打哆嗦，生怕学校把洋洋退回来。”

To QuAnTui feAr,Never fAils to extend for the child to go to school for Autistic pArents heArt.'s mom is no exception,In the 5 dAys,"My heArt hAs been leApt mentioned,AlwAys feel AlArmed,TAke phone hAnd keep cringe,For feAr thAt the school's return to."

　　第5天，洋洋妈主动约班主任商量，希望能找出一套方案让洋洋融入班集体。

Fifth dAy,YAngyAng mom Active About the teAcher in chArge to consult,Hope I cAn find A set of scheme let oceAn into clAss.

　　但班主任很无奈。“我不想当劳模，只想把我的分内事情做好，把班级带好。我不知道怎么去和你家孩子交流，我无能为力。”

But the teAcher in chArge is very helpless."I don't wAnt to be model workers,Just wAnt to put my shAre things well,Divide the clAss tAke.I don't know how to communicAte with your children,There is nothing I cAn do."

　　在记者接触的5个个案中，有4个自闭症儿童都曾遭遇劝退危机。有的坚持留下，有的则选择离开。

The reporter contAct of 5 cAses,There Are four Autistic children Are encountered QuAnTui crisis.Some insist on leAving,Others choose to leAve.

　　鑫鑫遭遇的劝退更是频繁。从幼儿园开始，园长曾多次让鑫鑫不要再来上学。执着的鑫鑫妈会喊上全家人一起送孩子。老师说，鑫鑫会爬窗，她就掏钱为班里的窗户装护栏。

Xin xin QuAnTui encounter more frequent.StArt from A kindergArten clAss,The principAl hAs repeAtedly let xin xin don't come to school.Persistent xin xin mom will shout together on the fAmily send children.The teAcher sAid,Xin xin will climb window,She pAid for the Windows of the clAss loAding guArdrAil.

　　到了小学二年级，他遭遇了最大的劝退危机：被全班43名家长联名要求劝退。

In second grAde,He hAd the biggest QuAnTui crisis:Is the clAss 43 pArents joint requirements QuAnTui.

　　那一次的导火索是交作业事件。鑫鑫和同学一起排队交作业，轮到他时，老师没收，鑫鑫又重新排队，老师又没接过去。“那个老师平时对他很好，但不知道为什么那次没接他的作业本。”

ThAt is A fuse Assignments event.Xin xin And clAssmAtes Assignments in line,When it wAs his turn,The teAcher confiscAted,Xin xin line up AgAin,The teAcher didn't pick up the pAst."The teAcher usuAlly wAs kind to him,But don't know why thAt didn't Answer his homework."

　　对于行为刻板的自闭症孩子而言，当规则一再被打破，就不知该怎么办了。鑫鑫直接将作业本扔出去，砸到女同学脸上。那次，鑫鑫妈带着女同学去看病，买了同学喜欢的天线宝宝赔礼道歉，但直接遭到家长拒绝。

For behAvior stereotyped Autistic children in,When the rules be broken AgAin And AgAin,Don't know whAt should I do.Xin xin directly exercise books will be thrown out,Hit femAle clAssmAte fAce.the,Xin xin mom with A femAle clAssmAte to go to A doctor,Bought students like AntennA bAby offer An Apology,But by the pArents refused to directly.

　　“他们说我儿子有暴力倾向。”1张嘴面对43张嘴的那一刻，鑫鑫妈很无助。“当时真的很难受，我的声音那么小。”

"They sAy my son's violent."1 mouth fAce And mouth thAt moment,Xin xin mother very helpless."WAs reAlly terrible,My voice so smAll."

　　“你们要不想接受他，你们就转走。”这次劝退，最终因为校长的坚持，让鑫鑫得到了继续上学的机会。如今，他已是一名初一学生，弹得一手好钢琴。

"You don't wAnt to Accept him,You will be trAnsferred."The QuAnTui,FinAlly becAuse the heAdmAster's insist on,Let xin xin got going on the chAnce to go to school.now,He is A junior high school,PlAy the piAno well.

　　“自闭症孩子需要很大的人力资源，比学校接收的其他残障学生更难带。”西总布小学教学处的孙全红老师指出，她曾去过自闭症康复机构，那里的孩子多是特教老师一对一、二对一，甚至三对一地进行培训。而普校老师要面对的是全班三四十名学生。

"Autistic children need A lot of humAn resources,Schools receive thAn other disAbled students with more difficult."West totAl cloth in the primAry school teAching SunQuAnGong the teAcher pointed out thAt,She hAs been to Autism rehAbilitAtion institutions,There Are mAny children s teAcher one-on-one/Two on A,Even for A three to trAining.And regulAr school teAcher will fAce is 40 students of the clAss.

　　曾参与联名劝退的家长表示，他们并不是嫌弃自闭症患儿，也希望那个孩子能得到正确的治疗和教育，但不应建立在严重影响其他孩子学习的基础上。

PArticipAted in joint QuAnTui pArents sAid,They Are not AbAndon Autistic children,Also hope thAt the child cAn get the correct treAtment And educAtion,But not shAll estAblish in the serious influence other children on the bAsis of leArning.

　　另一位参与的家长指出，在随班就读政策面前，无论是自闭症儿童、家长，还是学校、老师、学生，都没做好充分准备，导致问题接踵而至。

Another pArticipAtion of pArents pointed out,In the normAl clAss before policy,Whether Autistic children/pArents,Or school/The teAcher/students,All is not fully prepAred,CAuse problems follow.

　　探访对象

Visit object

　　什么是自闭症？

WhAt is the Autism?

　　自闭症，又称孤独症，属广泛性发育障碍中的一种特殊类型，一般发生在3岁前，以男孩多见。1943年，自闭症最早由美国精神病专家坎纳在临床医学中发现。自闭症的主要表现为儿童的社会化障碍、沟通障碍和重复刻板局限的行为与兴趣。

Autism,Also cAlled Autism,Is generAlized developmentAl disorders of A speciAl type,Commonly occur in three yeArs Ago,To see more boy.In 1943,,The eArliest Autism by the AmericAn psychiAtric experts's cAmp in clinicAl medicine found.The mAin performAnce of the Autism for children's sociAlizAtion disorder/CommunicAtion disorders And repeAt stereotyped limited behAvior And interest.

　　洋洋 10岁，被学籍片区名校拒绝入学，在第二所小学就读5天又被劝退，目前在一所郊区的打工子弟学校就读三年级。

's ten yeArs old,School is the school deniAl of Admission,In the second primAry school Attend five dAys wAs QuAnTui,At present in A suburbAn for children of school grAde three.

　　鑫鑫 13岁，幼儿园时就频繁被劝退，小学二年级被43名家长联名要求退学，最终留在了学校，目前就读初一。

Xin xin 13 yeArs old,KindergArten is frequently QuAnTui,Second grAde wAs 43 pArents joint requirements drop out of school,FinAlly in the school,Currently studying month.

　　唐唐 20岁，小学二年级被10多名家长劝退，转到培智学校一年后，重返普校，完成9年义务教育，读职高一周被劝退，目前在家。

ThomAs 20 yeArs old,Second grAde is more thAn 10 nAme QuAnTui pArents,Turn to society-AdAptAtion school A yeAr lAter,Return to regulAr school,Complete 9 yeArs of compulsory educAtion,ReAd vocAtionAl week wAs QuAnTui,At present At home.

　　小磊 14岁，在郊区普校顺利完成小学学业，目前就读初一，与老师同学关系融洽。

SmAll lei 14,In the suburbs regulAr school complete primAry school,Currently studying month,Students And teAchers hArmonious relAtionship.

　　（文中孩子均系化名）

(The children Are AliAs)

　　小磊的小学账单

SmAll lei elementAry bills

　　陪读：请特教专业的陪读4年，工资2500每月，包吃包住，年底奖金，每年4万左右，4年共16万元。

Or relAtives cAn Apply:PleAse teAch professionAl or relAtives cAn Apply for 4 yeArs,SAlAry 2500 per month,The bAg eAts encAse,Bonus At the end of,About 40000 A yeAr,Four yeArs A totAl of $160000.

　　课业辅导：请语文、数学家教，每年1万元左右，6年总共花费约6万元

schoolwork:PleAse Chinese/MAth tutoring,Every yeAr 10000 yuAn,6 yeArs spent About 60000 yuAn

　　总计：小学六年除学费外，学业花费22万元左右。

totAl:ElementAry school six yeArs in Addition to tuition outside,AcAdemic cost 220000 yuAn.

　　原标题：4个自闭症孩子的艰难“学途”(2)

OriginAl title:Four children with Autism difficult"LeArning wAy"(2)

　　10月12日，放学时间，海淀郊区一打工子弟学校，同学们排队出校，洋洋（右二穿蓝衣男孩）径直朝校外走去。

On October 12,,After school time,HAidiAn suburbs A school for children,Students line up out of school,oceAn(Second right to weAr the blue boy)WAlk strAight for the school.

　　包容下的“转机”

Inclusive of"trAnsfer"

　　洋洋被第一所学校劝退时，班主任曾对洋洋妈说，“与其让他在学校呆着，不如回家学做一碗西红柿鸡蛋面”。

OceAn is the first school when QuAnTui,The teAcher in chArge hAve yAngyAng mAmA sAid,"And let him stAy in school,As home to leArn to do A bowl of tomAto egg noodles".

　　但洋洋妈很庆幸自己的坚持。

But's mother glAd his insist on.

　　她给洋洋找到了一所愿意包容洋洋“缺点”的打工子弟学校，这里的同学也不明白，洋洋为什么会无缘无故在课堂上哭。但六一儿童节，全班同学送给洋洋一张卡片：“洋洋，我们都很喜欢你，希望你以后不要那么爱哭。”

She gAve yAngyAng find A willing to include oceAn"shortcomings"The school for children,The students Also don't understAnd,Why's for no reAson in the clAssroom crying.But the June 1 children's dAy,The whole clAss to oceAn A cArd:"oceAn,We're All very fond of you,I hope you don't love After crying."

　　老师杨春辉仍把洋洋看成一个听话的学生。“他很乖，告诉他不要乱动，不要哭，过3、5分钟他就会停止。”

The teAcher YAngChunHui still put the oceAn As A good student."He is very good,Tell him not to touch,Don't cry,three/5 minutes he will stop."

　　现在的洋洋，会指着作业本的“叉”，对老师说“洋洋要红钩钩”。他很少主动举手答题，但当被点名念课文时，他会用不流畅的语言小声朗读。听到同学们给他鼓掌，他会接着读下一篇课文。

Now the oceAn,As the exercise books will be"fork",The teAcher sAid"YAngyAng to red hook hook".He seldom Active hAnds the Answer,But when they Are cAlled when reAding the text,He will be in not fluent lAnguAge reAding quietly.HeAr the students give him A stAnding ovAtion,He will then reAd the next text.

　　陪读姐姐刘华说，洋洋已经知道要表扬了，这一点点进步，也足够让他们欣喜。

Or relAtives cAn Apply for sister sun sAid,YAngyAng AlreAdy know to prAised,This A little bit of progress,Is enough to let them rejoice.

　　“其实我不指望洋洋能学多少知识，最关键的是他要学会与普通人交流，融入群体生活。”洋洋妈很感谢这个学校，给了洋洋一个宽容温馨的学校环境。

"In fAct I don't expect oceAn cAn leArn much knowledge,The key is to he will leArn to communicAte with people,Into group life."ThAnk you very much for the school's mother,To the oceAn A tolerAnt wArmth school environment.

　　“如果是去培智学校，这些孩子还是无法融入社会，社会发展到今天，不能再回到温室时代了。”北京师范大学教育学部教授韦小满指出，自闭症儿童一定要接触社会，才知道社会的行为规范是什么。让适合随班就读的自闭症儿童进入普校，对于其他孩子也是有好处的，比如爱心教育。照顾身边的自闭症同学，远比抽象的爱心说教更真切。

"If is to go to A school society-AdAptAtion,These children still cAn't into society,SociAl development todAy,CAn't go bAck to the Age of greenhouse."Beijing normAl university educAtion division professor wei grAin buds pointed out,Autistic children must contAct the society,Just know the sociAl code of conduct is whAt.Let suitAble for normAl clAss Autistic children into the regulAr school,For other children is Also good,Such As love educAtion.TAke cAre of side Autistic students,FAr more thAn AbstrAct love sermons more closely.

　　坚守妈妈的困惑

Stick to mother's confusion

　　但并不是所有随班就读的自闭症学生，都能得到很好的融合。

But not All of the students with clAss Autism,CAn be very good fusion.

　　坚持让儿子在普校完成9年义务教育，唐唐的妈妈迷惑了。“我开始怀疑，这些年我的坚持，是否真是为他好。”

Insist thAt son in regulAr school complete nine yeArs compulsory educAtion,ThomAs mom confused."I begAn to doubt,I hAve to,Whether is reAlly good for him."

　　唐唐8岁时进入片区的小学就读，但学校没同意陪读，他独自在学校读书，教室外没有陪读小姐姐的守候。

ThomAs 8 yeArs old the AreA of elementAry school,But the school didn't Agree or relAtives cAn Apply for,He wAs Alone in school,No outside the clAssroom or relAtives cAn Apply for the little sister's wAiting for you.

　　唐唐总是坐在教室最后一排的角落，四周没有同学。

ThomAs AlwAys sitting in A clAssroom in the lAst row of the corner,Around no students.

　　躲在学校长廊里，唐唐妈看到儿子笨拙地伸出手，主动和路过的同学说话，第一个同学害怕地躲开了，第二个同学又躲开……唐唐伸出的手和肩膀在颤抖，怒目圆睁。

Hiding in the school in the corridor,ThomAs mom see son clumsily hAnd,Active And pAssing the clAssmAte tAlk,The first students with feAr AwAy,The second clAssmAte AgAin AwAy...ThomAs outstretched hAnd And shoulders in trembling,GApes At Julie.

　　他的情绪隔一段时间就会爆发。他曾冲出教室，跑到邻班教室大骂老师，也曾拿起小石头砸同学。二年级，唐唐被10多名家长联名劝退。唐唐回到培智学校学习一年，一年后返校。但五年级时，他突然在班里把全身衣服剪成布条。

His emotionAl lie between period of time will outbreAk.He hAd rushed out of the clAssroom,RAn to the AdjAcent clAss clAssroom bAste the teAcher,Also once took About A stone hit clAssmAte.Second grAde,ThomAs wAs more thAn 10 nAme pArents joint QuAnTui.ThomAs society-AdAptAtion bAck to school for A yeAr,A yeAr lAter bAck to school.But five grAde,He suddenly the whole body in the clAss clothes And cut into cloth.

　　读初中时，唐唐在厕所被同学欺负，他变得不敢喝水，不敢上厕所。在学校的唐唐经常焦虑，严重时见人就紧张，浑身打哆嗦，嘴里不停发出怪声，脸上青筋暴起。

ReAd junior high school,ThomAs wAs in the toilet students bullying,He becAme cAn't drink wAter,DAre not go to the toilet.In the school ThomAs often Anxiety,Serious you then people nervous,WAs quAking with,Keep his mouth out voices,The veins stood out on his fAce suddenly And violently.

　　“老师和同学并不缺少爱心，只是不懂得怎样与唐唐交流。”唐唐妈感觉，在很多条件欠缺的情况下，尽管儿子在普校完成了9年义务教育，但他的融合教育并不成功，很快又被职校劝退。

"TeAchers And students is not the lAck of love,Just don't know how to communicAte with ThomAs."ThomAs mom feel,In mAny conditions under the condition of lAck,Even though his son wAs in regulAr school completed 9 yeArs of compulsory educAtion,But his fusion educAtion is not successful,Soon And be QuAnTui vocAtionAl schools.

　　唐唐妈花了两年让儿子放松下来，上午弹钢琴，下午画画、打球、游泳等。现在的唐唐喜欢帮妈妈做家务，边洗碗边哼歌。有邻居说，现在的唐唐，看上去就像一只温顺的绵羊。

ThomAs mom spent two yeArs let the son to relAx,Morning plAying the piAno,Afternoon drAwing/plAy/Swim etc.Now ThomAs like to help mother do the housework,Side dish side hum.A neighbor sAid,Now ThomAs,Looks like A docile sheep.

　　“让孩子随班就读，很多自闭症家长都会茫然。”北京星星雨教育研究所执行主任孙忠凯指出，大部分自闭症孩子其实是在随班“混”读。没有专门特教老师、资源教室，并给这些特殊的孩子提供个性化教育，他们就很难融合。

"Let children reAd Along with the clAss,A lot of Autism pArents will be At A loss."Beijing XingXingYu educAtion institute, executive director of SunZhongKAi pointed out,Most of the children with Autism is ActuAlly in Along with the clAss"mixed"read.There Are no speciAl teAcher s/Resource room,And to give these speciAl children to provide personAlized educAtion,It is difficult for them to fusion.

　　家庭不能承受之重

The fAmily cAn't beAr the heAvy

　　更多时候，家长承担了自闭症孩子的融合教育压力。

More time,PArents tAke the children with Autism fusion educAtion pressure.

　　小磊妈40多岁，刚染过的头发难以遮掩几缕白发，“都是为小磊上学焦虑的。”

SmAll lei mom more thAn 40 yeArs old,Just colored hAir is difficult to cover A few wisp of hAir,"All is for smAll lei school of Anxiety."

　　她曾是一家大型IT公司的职业女性，在儿子3岁被确诊为自闭症后，她开始与自闭症无休止地斗争。2009年，小磊妈辞去工作，毕生的目标是帮助儿子最大限度地融入普通人群。

She used to be A lArge IT compAny professionAl women,In the son three yeArs After they Are identified As Autistic,She begAn to Autism And endless struggle.In 2009,,SmAll lei mom resigned from his job,Life the goAl is to help son mAximum limit in the generAl populAtion.

　　小磊被诊断为“中重度孤独症伴随能力障碍”，智商在46分以下。测试时，医生问，什么动物爱吃骨头？小磊说，团团。医生摇了摇头，妈妈却在一边觉得好笑。团团是家里一条胖嘟嘟的黄色小狗。

SmAll lei diAgnosed"ModerAte to severe Autism Along with disAbilities",Intelligence quotient (IQ) in 46 points below.test,The doctor Asked,WhAt AnimAl bones to love to eAt?SmAll lei sAid,Round And round.The doctor shook his heAd,Mother is on the other side feel funny.Round And round is home A chubby yellow dog.

　　有专家认为，这个孩子不适合上普通学校。但小磊妈坚信，融合教育能改变小磊的命运。

Some experts think the,The child is not suitAble for the ordinAry school.But little lei mother firmly believe thAt,Fusion educAtion cAn chAnge the fAte of the smAll lei.

　　为了儿子顺利随班就读，小磊妈做了大量铺垫：给老师赠送厚厚的自闭症介绍；掏钱请特教专家到校讲融合教育；请陪读阿姨；给儿子的桌椅腿用布包好，防止儿子摇晃桌椅产生噪音；每年六一给全班同学准备一份小礼物，让小磊写感谢卡……

In order to smooth the son with the clAss,SmAll lei mom mAde A lot of foreshAdowing:To the teAcher give thick Autism is introduced;PleAse pAy speciAl experts to school speAk fusion educAtion;PleAse or relAtives cAn Apply for Aunt;To the son's leg of the desk And chAir with A cloth,Prevent son shAking tAbles And chAirs produce noise;Liu yi every yeAr to the whole clAss to prepAre A smAll gift,Let little lei write A thAnk you cArd...

　　在小磊的成长学习道路上，妈妈预想到儿子可能接触到的每个人，对各种突发状况做出预案。小磊的老师、同学也接纳了小磊。“很多事情都要家长努力去做，不是把孩子单纯扔到学校。”

In the smAll epitAxiAl growth leArning on the roAd,Mother envisioned A son mAy come into contAct with everyone,To All sorts of emergencies mAke plAn.SmAll lei teAcher/Students Also Accepted smAll lei."A lot of things need to be pArents try to do it,Not only the children into the school."

　　今年小磊读初一，在学校老师眼中是个“有礼貌、乖巧的学生”，妈妈教给他的都会一丝不苟地去做，见到每个人都会打招呼。在家中是妈妈的好帮手，会帮妈妈做饭、擦地板。但厨房厨具都要按他的顺序摆放，铲子排第一，然后是汤勺、漏勺等，妈妈摆错了他会马上纠正。他喜欢烘焙糕点，把糕点分送给邻居和物业。他的梦想是开一家咖啡厅，做一个快乐的烘焙师。

This smAll lei reAd first,In the school the teAcher eyes is A"polite/Clever students",Mother tAught him will meticulously to do,See everyone will sAy "hello".In the home is mother's good helper,Will help my mother cooking/CleAn the floor.But the kitchen kitchen utensils Are According to his order plAced,Shovels row first,Then is the spoon/ColAnder, etc,Mother set the wrong he would immediAtely corrected.He likes to bAking cAkes,The pAstry distributed to neighbors And property.His dreAm is to open A coffee shop,Be A hAppy bAking division.

　　小磊曾经的小学校长坦言，尽管学校接受了全纳教育的理念，接受了小磊，但学校并没配备特教老师，没有资源教室。小磊的“奇迹”，更大原因在于他的妈妈。

SmAll lei once the primAry school principAls sAid,Although the school Accepted the ideA of inclusive educAtion,Accepted smAll lei,But the school did not equipped with teAcher s,Do not hAve the resources of the clAssroom.The smAll lei"mirAcle",The more big reAson is thAt his mother.

　　个案的成功，并不能代表整个群体。从2006年至2012年，小磊就读小学6年中，除学费外，额外用在学业上的钱总计在22万元左右。

CAse success,It's not the entire community.From 2006 to 2012,SmAll lei Attend elementAry school six yeArs,In Addition to tuition outside,AdditionAl used in AcAdemic totAl money in 220000 yuAn.

　　“孩子的未来不应该是妈妈来决定的，应该靠政策。”鑫鑫妈说，融合成功的孩子，家庭经济条件基本都还不错，更多家庭连生存都是个问题，更不用谈教育了。

"The future of their children should not be mother to decide,Should depend on policy."Xin xin mAmA sAid,Fusion successful children,FAmily economic condition bAsic wAs good,More fAmily even survivAl is A problem,Don't tAlk About the more educAtion.

　　他山之石

Stones from other hills

　　美国：美国对自闭症儿童实施融合教育，普通班级和资源教室成为安置自闭症儿童的主要模式。在2003年-2007年，美国自闭症儿童主要安置于普通班级中，且有较小幅上升的趋势，2007年所占比例达89.7%。随着对自闭症儿童的不断关注，其融合教育的支持策略也不断完善，主要有社交支持策略、间接干预策略和学业支持策略。也开发了多种有效的训练方法。

The United StAtes:The implementAtion of the Autistic children fusion educAtion,OrdinAry clAsses And resource room become the mAin mode for Autistic children.In 2003-2007,The United StAtes mAinly for Autistic children in common clAss,And hAve A smAll rising trend,In 2007 the proportion of 89.7%.With the constAnt Attention for Autistic children,The fusion educAtion support strAtegy Also constAntly improve,MAinly hAs sociAl support strAtegy/The indirect intervention strAtegies And AcAdemic support strAtegy.Also developed A vAriety of effective trAining method.

　　日本：日本对自闭症的发现与研究起始于1952年，从1969年开始日本就将自闭症儿童安置在普通学校中接受教育，挖掘自闭症儿童的潜在能力，通过治疗教育改善自闭症状，让自闭症儿童融入普通人群。

JApAn:JApAn to Autism discovery And reseArch dAtes bAck to 1952,Begin from 1969 JApAn will Autistic children plAced in ordinAry schools Accept educAtion,Mining Autistic children's potentiAl,Through the treAtment of educAtion to improve Autistic shApe,Let the Autistic children in the generAl populAtion.

　　分析

AnAlysis

　　【现状】

[stAtus]

　　有局限的随班就读

HAve limited with the clAss

　　百年老校东城区西总布小学至今已进行超过10年的融合教育实践。1999年，该校被命名为“随班就读实验校”，创建了东城区第一所资源教室。目前，该校全体老师都接受过特教培训，并邀请特教专家驻校，指导老师对自闭症孩子进行了个体化教学方案，允许家长全程陪读。

One hundred yeAr old school dongcheng district west totAl cloth primAry school hAs been on now for more thAn 10 yeArs of fusion educAtion prActice.In 1999,,The school wAs nAmed"ShiYAnJiAo with clAss",CreAte the dongcheng district first resource room.At present,All the teAchers Are trAined in the school of speciAl trAining,And invited experts teAch in school,GuidAnce teAcher to the children with Autism individuAl teAching scheme,Allow pArents or relAtives cAn Apply for the whole.

　　但该校教学处孙全红老师坦言，驻校的特教专家更多的是辅助和指导，特殊学生的教学压力仍由普教老师承担。“即便家长全程陪读，老师的压力都很大，所以学校只能接受轻度自闭症孩子。”

But the school teAching plAce SunQuAnGong teAcher sAid,In the school s experts more is AuxiliAry And guidAnce,SpeciAl students' teAching pressure still by generAl for the teAcher."Even if the pArents or relAtives cAn Apply for,The teAcher's pressure Are very big,So the school cAn only Accept mild children with Autism."

　　孙全红算了一笔账：一位当班主任的语文老师，要教两个班的语文，一周至少13节课。课外，还要辅导学生，做班级管理、备课等。这已是满负荷工作量。如她教的两个班都有特殊孩子，她每周至少要加两节课。

SunQuAnGong cAlculAte A bill:A duty of the director of the Chinese teAcher,Two clAsses to teAch Chinese,A week At leAst 13 clAss.extrAcurriculAr,Also counsels the student,Do clAss mAnAgement/PrepAre lessons etc.This is AlreAdy full loAd workloAd.If she teAches two clAsses hAve speciAl children,She shAll be Added two clAsses A week At leAst.

　　该校对包括自闭症在内的特殊学生采取双学籍管理，让适应随班就读的孩子留在本校，不适应的保留学籍，先在东城的培智学校康复，好转后返校。

The school, including Autism speciAl students tAke double registrAtion mAnAgement,To AdApt to the normAl clAss children stAy At our school,Not to AdApt to keep one's nAme on the books,The first in the eAst society-AdAptAtion school rehAbilitAtion,Better bAck After.

　　北京在推广全纳教育理念，即没有排斥、没有歧视、没有分类的教育，很多学校在探索融合教育，政府也在不断推进随班就读。

Beijing in the promotion of inclusive educAtion concept,NAmely not reject/No discriminAtion/No clAssificAtion of educAtion,A lot of schools in exploring fusion educAtion,The government is Also continuously push forwArd with the clAss.

　　但韦小满指出，目前相关的各项制度还没完全建立，随班就读只能有条件进行，不是所有自闭症儿童都适合。“没有专业的支持，有的孩子将受到更大的挫折。”

But wei grAin buds pointed out,At present the relAted system hAsn't fully estAblished,Along with the clAss cAn hAve only conditions,Not All Are suitAble for Autistic children."No professionAl support,Some children will be more setbAcks."

　　【建议】

[Suggestions]

　　特教老师进入普校

TeAcher s into the regulAr school

　　“有的普校老师甚至都没听说过自闭症，就算有爱心，也很难去做好。”韦小满指出，在国外，特教老师要求硕士毕业。

"Some regulAr school teAcher didn't even heArd of Autism,Even if hAs the compAssion,Is Also difficult to do."Wei grAin buds pointed out thAt,In foreign,TeAch the teAcher Asked the mAster's degree.

　　如今特教老师的数量和质量，都不能满足自闭症等特殊学生的需求。韦小满建议，培训还需加强，能让更多专业的特教老师走上岗位。“我希望每一所学校都能配有几位专业的特教老师，并对普教老师进行特教培训。”最近，韦小满一直在向有关部门呼吁。

Now the quAntity And quAlity of the teAcher s,CAn't meet the Autism And other speciAl the needs of their students.Wei grAin buds Suggestions,TrAining still need to strengthen,CAn let more professionAl teAcher s onto the post."I hope eAch school cAn be equipped with severAl professionAl teAcher s,And the generAl teAcher to teAch trAining."recently,Wei grAin buds hAve been cAlled on to the relevAnt depArtments.

　　“其实我们非常愿意聘请特教老师，既有利于孩子，又能减轻普教老师的压力。”但西总布小学的孙全红老师表示，目前东城区拨付给学校的随班就读经费有限，学校没有多余的钱再聘请特教。

"In fAct, we Are very willing to employ the teAcher s,Is not only beneficiAl to children,And cAn reduce the generAl teAcher's pressure."But the west totAl cloth SunQuAnGong elementAry school teAcher sAid,At present the dongcheng district AppropriAte to school with clAss limited funds,Schools hAve no spAre money to hire s.

　　更关键的是，学校配备特教老师，还涉及人员编制，“这肯定需要政府的支持。”

More key is,The school is equipped with speciAl teAcher,Also involved in stAffing,"It needs the support of the government."

　　据洋洋的陪读姐姐刘华透露，虽然学了5年特教专业，但她的同学毕业后鲜少有从事特教专业工作的，一方面是稳定的特教机构工作难找，另一方面零散的特教工作工资待遇不高，工作前途不被看好。

According to the oceAn or relAtives cAn Apply for sister sun reveAled,Although leArned five yeArs professionAl s,But her students After grAduAtion fresh rAre s engAged in professionAl work,On the one hAnd is stAble of speciAl institutions work hArd to find,On the other hAnd scAttered work s sAlAry is not high,Future work will not be vAlued.

　　【对策】

[countermeAsures]

　　陪读制需财政支持

Or relAtives cAn Apply to finAnciAl support system

　　对很多学校来说，配置特教老师只是画饼充饥。

For mAny schools speAking,ConfigurAtion of speciAl teAcher just pie in the sky.

　　对此，中国公益研究院儿童福利研究中心常务副主任高玉荣建议，至少应建立陪读制，以防止矛盾激化。

this,ChinA welfAre institute child welfAre reseArch center deputy director of the stAnding GAoYuRong Suggestions,At leAst shAll estAblish or relAtives cAn Apply for system,In order to prevent further intensificAtion of the disputes.

　　但即便在北京，仍有学校会拒绝陪读，学校也不知道该怎么陪读。在自闭症儿童没有陪读的情况下，任课老师只会分身乏术，为了兼顾一方而舍弃另一方。一些劝退事件，正是由此而起。

But even in Beijing,There Are still the school will refuse or relAtives cAn Apply for,The school Also don't know how to or relAtives cAn Apply for.In Autistic children or relAtives cAn Apply not the cAse,TeAcher will only member to mAke improvements,In order to give Attention to both pArty insteAd of the other pArty.Some QuAnTui events,It is from this And up.

　　“你有接受义务教育的权利，但如果伤害到别人，就是一种恶权利，所以要做到不损人又利己。”北京市孤独症儿童康复协会理事周静认为，陪读制的建立很有必要。

"You hAve the right to receive compulsory educAtion,But if hArm to others,Is A kind of evil rights,So to do not hArmful And self-cAre."Beijing Autism children rehAbilitAtion AssociAtion director ZhouJing think,Or relAtives cAn Apply for the estAblishment of the system is necessAry.

　　高玉荣指出，在国外，针对孩子的特殊需求，政府会有财政支持陪读制，学校会专门为这些孩子聘请特教老师陪读。自闭症孩子失控状态下，陪读老师可以带他离开。

GAoYuRong pointed out thAt,In foreign,According to the speciAl needs of children,The government will hAve or relAtives cAn Apply for finAnciAl support system,The school will specificAlly for these children or relAtives cAn Apply for teAcher s employed.Autistic children out of control condition,Or relAtives cAn Apply for the teAcher cAn tAke him to leAve.

　　“这么多年来，一直有人在呼吁建立陪读制度，但至今还没有建立。”高玉荣强调，必须通过法律来建立陪读制，确保这一制度的推行。政府不仅要出台政策，也应从财政上支持和鼓励学校接受自闭症儿童，比如增加对特殊孩子的特殊教育补助。这部分钱在孩子上学后，就由学校来运用，可聘请特教老师，提高相关老师的工资，对老师的付出是一种鼓励。目前，有的地区有一些优惠政策，但还很有局限。

"So for mAny yeArs,There is AlwAys someone is cAlling for or relAtives cAn Apply in the system,But so fAr hAve not estAblished."GAoYuRong emphAsize,LAws must be put through to estAblish or relAtives cAn Apply for system,Ensure the implementAtion of this system.The government should not only policy,Also from the finAnciAl support And encourAge schools to receive Autistic children,Such As increAse the speciAl children speciAl educAtion subsidies.The money in After their children to school,Will the school to use,CAn employ the teAcher s,IncreAsing the teAcher's sAlAry,To the teAcher's pAy is A kind of encourAge.At present,Some AreAs hAve some preferentiAl policies,But Also very limited.

　　A08-A09版采写/新京报记者 王卡拉 萧辉

A08 - A09 edition collection &composition/Beijing news reporter wAng CArlA XiAoHui

　　A08-A09版摄影/新京报记者 浦峰 周岗峰

A08 - A09 edition photogrAphy/Beijing news reporter PuFeng ZhouGAng peAk