[热点冷眼]“大四空巢”现象：高校与社会皆应反思 [hot cool detachment]"Senior empty nest"phenomenon:Universities and social all should reflect on

　　每年一到秋季开学，很多高校都出现了大四学生因为忙着实习、找工作、考研复习导致课堂出勤率低的现象，有媒体使用“大四空巢”来形容。大四出勤率与前途真的是“鱼与熊掌不可兼得”吗？网友展开了讨论。

Every year to the autumn,A lot of colleges appeared senior student because busy practice/Looking for a job/One's deceased father grind to review class attendance rate low phenomenon,Media use"Senior empty nest"To describe.Senior attendance and future really is"You cannot have your cake and eat it"??Users are discussed.

“大四现象”利弊如何衡量？ "Senior phenomenon"Pros and cons how to measure?

　　一部分网友认为，到了大四就不来上课是一种“短视”的表现。网友“妮妮”说：“大学的时间本来就有限，而且大四的课程一般不多，还要耽误这个时间忙所谓‘正事’，是一种急功近利的表现，‘磨刀不误砍柴工’，有这种想法是‘短视’的表现。”

Part of the net friend think,The senior will not come to class is a kind of"myopia"performance.Net friend"nini"said:"University of time was limited,And senior classes usually not much,Will delay the time busy so-called‘business’,Is a kind of get rich quick performance,‘Blade not cutting firewood.’,Have this kind of idea is‘myopia’performance."

　　但也有网友认为这也可以理解。网友“何以解忧”说：“大四学生出勤率低的现象确实是有的，但是说‘空巢’也未免夸张，其实，大四的很多课程是选修课程，本来就是给有兴趣的同学开设的，不一定也不可能要求全部学生到齐，而且‘毕业之后的路如何走’也确实是大四学生应该考虑的事情。”

But also netizens think that also can understand.Net friend"How dispel melancholy"said:"Senior student attendance low phenomenon is really some,But said‘Empty nest’Also rather exaggerated,In fact,Senior many course is optional course,It is for students interested in the open,Not necessarily also may not require all the students here,and‘After graduation way how to go’Also it is senior student should consider things."

　　针对“大四现象”，中国矿业大学教育管理教授、博士生导师丁三青认为，即不能夸大问题的严重性，也不能漠然处之。“作为学校，对于坚持正常课程学习的学生固然值得肯定，对于找工作、考研考公务员的学生也要给予理解，并进行正确引导。”

According to"Senior phenomenon",China mining university professor of education management/Doctoral tutor ding three green think,That is not exaggerate the seriousness of the problem,Also cannot indifferent."As a school,To adhere to the normal course of students is worthy of affirmation,For looking for a job/One's deceased father grind take an examination of civil servants to give students also understand,And the correct guidance."

　　“大四现象”对于学生个人和学校教学的影响各有利弊，但总体而言弊大于利。北京师范大学教师教育研究中心副教授桑国元指出，对于学生而言，“利”在于时间上和空间上的自由，可以自由地把时间支配给课外的活动，但弊端也是显而易见的：丧失了一部分学习和提高的机会及资源；对于学校来说，那就是在很小程度上能够提升毕业生就业率，弊端在于长此以往，学校的声誉、办学质量等方面会下滑。

"Senior phenomenon"For students and school teaching influence each have advantages and disadvantages,But in general do more harm than good.Beijing normal university teacher education research center SangGuoYuan associate professor pointed out,For student,"the"In time and space free,Can be free to the time control for extracurricular activities,But defects is also obvious:Lost a part of learning and improving opportunities and resources;For schools,That is in a very small extent, to improve graduates employment,The malpractice lies in the long run,The reputation of the school/The educational quality, etc will decline.

　　网友“乌鸡汤小冰块”的观点值得我们深思。她认为，大四期间的低出勤率对于学生和学校都没好处，“正确的大学四年教育应该是一个完整的体系，任何一个环节和时间段都是其中必要的组成部分，缺一不可。如果为了‘今后的前途’，放弃大四的在校时间，对整个专业体系的建设是不利的，对个人也是个损失。”

Net friend"Wuji soup small ice"Point of view is worth us thinking deeply.She thinks,During the period of low attendance for senior students and schools are no good,"The right university four years education should be a complete system,A part of any and all the time is one of the necessary part,integral.If in order to‘The future of the future’,Give up senior college time,To the professional system construction is adverse,For individual is also a loss."

“大四现象”反映什么问题？ "Senior phenomenon"Reflect what problem?

　　是什么原因导致了“大四现象”？许多网友认为，就业压力是其中一个原因。随着就业形势日趋严峻，学生为毕业后有好的归宿，也为了学校的就业率，不可避免地提早进入求职阶段，正常的学业也就不可避免地受到影响。

What is the reason causes"Senior phenomenon"?Many netizens think,The employment pressure is one of the reasons.With the increasingly serious employment situation,Students after graduation for good end-result,Also to school employment rate,Inevitably in early stage of to apply for a job,Normal school is inevitably affected.

　　北京师范大学教师教育研究中心副教授桑国元从就业角度进行了分析，“从大学和用人单位之间，存在着缺乏联动机制的问题。尤其是在一些非重点高校和学科，联动机制缺乏会导致毕业生和用人单位间信息不畅通，是一种‘双盲’的状态。”

Beijing normal university teacher education research center SangGuoYuan associate professor from the perspective of obtaining employment are analyzed,"From the university and between the employing units,There is a lack of linkage mechanism problem.Especially in some non-key universities and discipline,Linkage system will lead to the lack of graduates and unit of choose and employ persons not unblocked between information,Is a kind of‘double-blind’state."

　　丁三青介绍，“一项调查研究发现，造成这种情况的原因中，学习气氛及环境、师德及教学水平、学校管理存在漏洞等学校因素最大，就业形势日趋严峻、就业市场机制不完善等因素其次，个人因素最小。”

Butyl introduced three green,"A new study found,Cause the cause of this kind of circumstance in,Learning atmosphere and environment/Teacher's morality and teaching level/School management existence of loopholes and school factors maximum,Increasingly serious employment situation/The job market is not perfect mechanism factors such as the second,Personal factors minimum."

　　中南大学公共管理学院副教授孟川瑾认为，这种现象也反映了我们的教育体系，尤其是教学课程的设计上出现问题，没能更好地和目前的社会需求结合起来，尤其是没能更好地考虑学生的需求。“长期以来，我国大学教育以学科为中心，也就是按照学科内容的内在逻辑和规律来编排课程，分年段施教，而非根据学生的实际需求进行课程设置。这在学生作为‘教育消费者’角色越来越强的当下，会带来矛盾。”

Central south university institute of public management associate professor MengChuanJin think,This kind of phenomenon also reflects our education system,Especially the design of the teaching problems,Can't better and the current social demand combined,Especially not better able to consider the needs of their students."For a long time,Our country university education to discipline as the center,In accordance with the subject content is also the internal logic and law arranged by course,Points years period of teaching,Rather than according to student's actual demand and the course arrangement.As in the students‘Education consumer’Role is more and more strong then,Will bring contradiction."

如何让“大四”不再成为一种现象？ How to let"senior"No longer become one kind of phenomenon?

　　“对于学生来讲，应该以学习为主。大四出勤率低虽然也有一定的利处，毕竟学生参加社会实践也是必要的，但总体而言，影响了学生学习，也让学校管理混乱。如何平衡学习与其他之间的关系，让大四不再成为一种现象呢？”网友“清香蒸饺”的疑问代表了很多网友的质疑。

"For students speaking,Should be to learn the main.Senior attendance low although also to have certain the place,After all students to participate in social practice is necessary,But in general,Affect the students' learning,Also let the school management confusion.How to balance the relationship between learning and other,Let senior become not a phenomenon??"Net friend"Scent steamed dumpling"Doubt represents a lot of netizens question.

　　网友“无限能量”说：“现实总是很残酷的，如果想让学生能在大四安心地学习，一方面需要社会多提供适合大学生的就业岗位，另一方面也需要学校提供有助于学生可雇佣能力提高的实践课程。”

Net friend"Infinite energy"said:"Reality is always cruel,If want to let the students in senior confidently learning,On the one hand need social provide more suitable for college students' employment,On the other hand also need schools offer help students can improve the ability of practice courses of employment."

　　网友“队长”说：“学生自己也应该自律，毕竟学校还是学习的场所；但是学校如果不进行根本上的改革，不能真正实施学分制，灵活处理学生学习与就业的问题，就不能从根本上杜绝这种现象。”

Net friend"captain"said:"Students should also be self-discipline,After all school or the place of study;But the school if not to radically reform,Can't really implement of credit system,Flexible processing student learning and the problem of obtain employment,Cannot fundamentally eliminate this phenomenon."

　　南京大学教育研究院教授、教育政策与领导研究所所长操太圣指出，学校存在于一定的社会环境之中，学校教育在坚持自己相对独立性的同时，也需要适应社会的发展，并发出适当的调整。

Nanjing university education institute professor/Education policy and leadership institute director operation too holy pointed out,School exist in certain social surroundings,School education at persistence oneself relative independence at the same time,Also need to adapt to the development of the society,And sent out the appropriate adjustment.

　　“具体到课堂教学中，教师采取什么样的手段进行教学，会对课堂教学效果有直接的影响，传统的‘满堂灌’显然已不合时宜，现代课堂需要利用各种有效的教学手段，来激发学生的学习动机，营造良好的学习环境。”操太圣说，当然，照顾到学生的现实需求是必要的，同样，引导其产生积极向上的需求更是必须的。

"Specific to the classroom teaching,Teachers take what kind of means of teaching,For the effect of classroom teaching has direct impact,The traditional‘daunted’Obviously has been out of date,Modern classroom need to use all kinds of effective teaching methods,To stimulate students' learning motivation,To create a good learning environment."Operation too holy said,Of course,Take care of the students' real demand is necessary,The same,Guide its produce positive demand is necessary.

　　桑国元也提供了另一种思路，他说，“在欧洲，这种现象并不存在，或者说并不普遍，这给我国的高校教育提供了可借鉴的方法。”首先，学校出台较为严格的制度，严格规定大学的学习时间；其次，学校应该加强对授课教师的管理，使教师明确、细化课堂管理制度；再次，学校应完善就业服务、考验指导等工作，也要保障社会实践、实习、求职、考研等学生必需参与的课外活动时间。(新华网记者 姜春媛)

SangGuoYuan also provides a train of thought,He said,"In Europe,This kind of phenomenon does not exist,Or is not common,This gives our university education provides reference method."First of all,School issued more strict system,Strict rules of the university study time;secondly,Schools should strengthen the management of teaching teachers,Teachers clear/Refining classroom management system;again,Schools should perfect the employment service/Test guidance, etc,Also want to safeguard the social practice/practice/job/One's deceased father grind and students must participate in extra-curricular activities time.(Xinhuanet reporter JiangChunYuan)