我省各类中等职业学校不断调整优化，提高办学质量和水平，国家级重点职业学校数量居全国各省市区之首。职业教育在校生规模已占据整个中、高等教育的“半壁江山”。这标志着我省基本建立起与全省经济和社会发展相适应的现代职业教育体系，为构建科学的人才培养、培训体系奠定了坚实基础。

Our province all kinds of secondary vocational school constantly adjust optimization,To improve the quality and level,The number of national key vocational schools in the provinces of the city.Vocational education students have already occupied the whole scale/Higher education of"deodorants".This marks the basic set up in our province with the economic and social development to adapt the modern vocational education system,To construct a scientific personnel training/Training system laid a solid foundation.

　　2002年以来，全省中等职业教育走出了低谷，扩大了规模，招生人数迅速攀升。到2011年底，全省各类中等职业学校共有799所，招生59.41万人，在校生155.86万人。与2002年相比，招生数增加了16.6万人，增长38.8%，在校生增加了56.1万人，增长56.2%。全省中职学校在校生占高中阶段在校生总数的比例由2002年的40.44%，增加到2011年的49.91%。

Since 2002,The secondary vocational education out of the abyss,Expanded scale,Recruit students number rising rapidly.By the end of 2011,The province all kinds of secondary vocational school there were 799,Recruit students 594100 people,A student 1.5586 million people.Compared with 2002,Graduates increased by 166000 people,Growth of 38.8%,Students increased by 561000 people,Growth of 56.2%.The secondary vocational school students accounted for of the total number of students of high school stage by 40.44% in 2002,Increase to 49.91% in 2011.

两个“零距离”对接 two"Zero distance"butt

　　“要打破层次界限，构建符合发展趋势的现代职业教育体系，使之上下贯通，左右兼容。”省教育厅厅长齐涛表示，所谓上下贯通，是指职业教育从中职到高职，再到本科，到硕士、博士都应该是上下贯通的。当然，这儿说的硕士、博士主要是指各种专业学位的硕士和博士。所谓左右兼容，是指职业院校可以兴办职业教育，其他各类学校也可以并且应该兴办职业教育。

"To break level limit,Structuring accord with the development trend of the modern vocational education system,Make up and down through,Or so compatible."Guangdong provincial director JiTao said,The so-called fluctuation through,Refers to the professional education from the secondary vocational schools to higher vocational,To the degree,To master/Doctor should be up and down the breakthrough.Of course,Here said the master/Doctor is mainly refers to all kinds of professional master's degree or a doctorate degree.The so-called or so compatible,Refers to the vocational colleges can run vocational education,Other kinds of school also can and should initiate vocational education.

　　在职业教育领域，实训基地与工作环境“零距离”对接、课堂教学与就业岗位“零距离”对接，以这两个“零距离”对接为目标的“回归”，更鲜明地体现出职业教育“提高质量、强化能力、促进就业”的本质内涵，使山东的职业教育走上了一条健康发展的轨道。校企合作、工学结合、职教集团等办学模式在全国产生重大影响。

In vocational education field,Training base and work environment"Zero distance"butt/The classroom teaching and jobs"Zero distance"butt,In this two"Zero distance"Butt as the goal"regression",The more brightly reflects the vocational education"Improve quality/Strengthen ability/Promote employment"The essential connotation of,Shandong professional education on the path to a the track of healthy development.School-enterprise cooperation/Work-integrated learning/Vocational education group and so on the mode of running a significant impact in the country.

　　我省初步建立起政府为主、企事业单位和社会力量多元化办学的格局，形成了以中等职业教育为主体、高等职业教育加快发展、公办教育与民办教育并重、学历教育与职业培训并举的职业教育发展体系。多年来我省积极推行教学、生产、科技推广与服务多位一体的教学体制和以突出实践教学环节为特点的“双元制”教学模式，走出了校企结合、产教结合的办学新路子；实行政府统筹与宏观指导下的分级办学、分级管理、分工负责的管理体制，强化了市、县两级统筹权与学校办学自主权；面向市场办学，实行工学结合、招生与招工结合等灵活多样的招生形式，建立毕业生就业市场，在118所国家级重点职业学校进行“双证互通”试点，逐步建立起毕业证与职业资格证互通的用人机制，架起了学校与市场、育人与用人之间的桥梁。

Our province preliminary established government give priority to/Enterprises and institutions and social power diversified education pattern,Formed a secondary vocational education as the main body/Speed up the development of higher vocational education/Public education and private education pay equal attention to/Degree education and vocational training and vocational education development system.For many years our province actively promote teaching/production/Science and technology promotion and service more than one of the teaching system and to highlight the characteristics of practice teaching for"Dual system"Teaching mode,Out of the combination between colleges and enterprises/The combination between production and education new way of running;A government as a whole and macro under the guidance of the classification/Classification management/Division is responsible for management system,To strengthen the city/County two stage as a whole power and school running autonomy;Running to the market,Implement work-integrated learning/Students enrollment and hire combined with flexible ways of enrollment form,Establish the job market for college graduates,In the 118 national key vocational schools"Double card communication"pilot,Gradually establish a diploma and vocational certificate communication mechanism of employing,Set up the school and the market/Choose and employ persons and the bridge between.

　　职业教育与社会、经济发展越来越贴近，与企业的关系越来越密切，办学活力不断增加，社会信誉明显提高。近年来全省中职学校就业率一直保持在96%以上，国家级重点职业学校超过98%，职业学校已成为当地实用技术人才和高素质劳动者的摇篮。

Vocational education and society/Economic development is more and more close to,And the enterprise more and more closely related,The growing vitality,Social reputation obviously improved.In recent years the secondary vocational school employment rate has remained at 96% above,National key vocational schools more than 98%,Vocational school has become the local practical and technical personnel and the cradle of high quality workers.

　　在实施“重点带动工程”基础上，我省通过实施“十、百、千职教工程”，进一步优化了学校布局结构，涌现出一批具有特色的典型办学模式，如以平度职教中心为代表的“双元制”办学模式；烟台汽车工业学校等为代表的校企结合、“订单”式办学模式；济南蓝翔技校等为代表的高效益职业技能培训模式等，使骨干学校的办学水平有了新的提高，带动了职业教育的改革与发展，促进了全省职业教育整体水平的提高，使职业学校的办学规模与社会效益迈上新台阶。

In the implementation of"Key drive engineering"basis,Our province through the implementation"ten/the/Thousand vocational education project",Further optimization of the school layout structure,Emerging a number of features of typical mode of running,Such as the pingdu vocational education center as a representative of"Dual system"Mode of running;Yantai automobile industry such as school represented by the combination between colleges and enterprises/"order"Type mode of running;Jinan LanXiang technical school, etc as a representative of high vocational skills training mode, etc,Make the backbone of the managerial level of the school a new improvement,Drive the vocational education reform and development,Promoted the entire province vocational education to raise the level of the whole,Make vocational school running scale and social benefits to step on a new step.

　　从2012年起，山东将全面实施职业教育基础能力建设计划，积极构建专业学位研究生教育、应用型本科教育、专科职业教育、中等职业教育相互衔接，全日制教育与继续教育相结合，职业教育与普通教育相沟通的现代职业教育体系。

Since 2012,Shandong will full implementation of vocational education foundation ability construction plan,Actively construct professional degrees graduate education/Applied undergraduate education/Junior vocational education/Secondary vocational education to join each other,Full-time education and continuing education combined,Vocational education and general education phase communication modern vocational education system.

“学历+能力”的培养模式 "Degree + ability"Training mode of

　　要使职业教育得到长足发展，真正摆脱“弱势”地位和尴尬境地，在社会上树立应有的地位，还必须改革和突破职教的体制性障碍。

To make vocational education developed by leaps and bounds,Really get rid of"weak"Status and embarrassing position,In the society set up to its status,Also must reform and break through the systematic obstacles of the vocational education.

　　我省以市统筹为主，将职教“重心”适当上移。统筹职业教育资源合理配置，力求做到职教与普教协调发展并切实解决好由于部门分头管理、学校布点分散、专业设置重复等导致与社会需求脱节、办学不成规模、有限的职业教育资源得不到充分利用等问题。

Our province to the city as a whole is given priority to,Will vocational education"Center of gravity"Appropriate up.To plan as a whole vocational education resources reasonable allocation,To make the general vocational education and the coordinated development and solve good because department separate management/School covers the dispersion/Professional Settings repeat that and social demand disrupted/School no scale/Co., LTD., professional education resources will not make full use of problems.

　　李静，一个来自山东农村的女生，初中毕业后来到青岛胶南电子学校学习，该校与青岛职业技术学院有“五年一贯制”大专办学协议。通过两年的中专学习，李静将转入青岛职业技术学院继续读高职。她现在还有着“双重身份”。韩国南涯电子有限公司在她就读的学校青岛胶南电子学校投资兴建了一个电子元件厂。每天，她有4个小时坐在课堂里学习电子专业知识，有6个小时在车间里实习做工人。她每月可以获得实习补助600元左右，除了交学费和解决生活开销，还可以寄些钱给父母。

li,One from shandong rural girl,Junior high school graduation and went to Qingdao jiaonan electronic school,The school and Qingdao vocational and technical college has"Five construct"College education agreement.Through two years of technical secondary school learning,Li will turn to Qingdao vocational and technical college of higher vocational continue to read.Now she and"Double identity".HanGuoNa cliff electronics co., LTD. In her school Qingdao jiaonan electronic school invested by a electronic components factory.Every day,She has four hours sitting in the classroom learning electronic professional knowledge,There are six hours in the workshop and practice of workers.She have a monthly internship can be obtained, and a subsidy of RMB 600 or so,In addition to pay my tuition and living expenses to solve,Can send some money to the parents.

　　初中后“五年一贯制”职业教育，有效解决了初中后学生职业规划问题，不仅仅让农村孩子上得起学，而是学得好、用得上，找得着饭碗。这是具有中国特色的“学历+能力”的结合点，是值得推广的职教办学模式。因此，我省扩大“五年一贯制”职教规模，以制定教学标准为基础，推动举办初中后五年制高等职业教育的学校围绕人才培养目标，进行一体化课程设计，合理安排实习实训，积极推进学分制改革，鼓励实施基于专业接续、课程衔接、学分互认的联合培养模式和人才成长立交桥，使学历与能力能够完美结合。

After junior high school"Five construct"Vocational education,Effectively solve the junior high school students' career planning after the problem,Not only let the rural children learn to rise,But learn well/use,Find job.This is with Chinese characteristics"Degree + ability"Combining site,Is worth extending mode of running vocational education.therefore,Expand in our province"Five construct"Vocational education scale,To make the teaching standard as the foundation,Promote held after junior high school five-year higher vocational education schools around the aim of personnel training,Integrated curriculum design,Reasonable arrangement of practice training,Actively promote the reform of credit system,Encourage implementation based on professional succeeded/courses/Credit recognition of joint training mode and talents growth flyover,Make degree and ability to perfect combination.

　　我省鼓励和支持企业兴办职业教育，推进职教办学主体多元化。山东东营蓝海职业学校是蓝海酒店集团出资兴办的一所职校，开设烹饪、面点、酒店管理、旅游等专业，先后为集团输送了万名毕业生，就业率达到100%，广受社会欢迎。这种企业兴办职业教育，推进职教办学主体多元化的模式，是我省结合山东职教实际，进行的一项改革。

Our province shall encourage and support the enterprise by vocational education,Promote diversification of vocational education school.Shandong dongying blue ocean vocational school is blue ocean hotel group in capital contribution a vocational school,Open cooking/pastry/Hotel management/Tourism, and other professional,For group has provided graduates,The employment rate reached 100%,Widespread social welcome.This kind of enterprise by vocational education,Promote vocational education running mode of diversification,In our province of shandong is combined with actual vocational education,A reform.

加大职教基础能力建设 Increase the vocational education foundation ability construction

　　加大中职学校布局调整力度。以建立中等职业学校分级认定制度为抓手，统筹规划，将中等职业学校根据办学水平分为合格、规范化、示范性、高水平四个等级，坚决清除零招生的休眠学校。经过调整，全省中职学校由2005年的1035所调整为目前的591所，减少了444所，校均规模由1371人提高到1992人，提高了办学效益。

Increase the secondary vocational school layout adjustments.To establish secondary vocational school classification identification system for gripper,Overall planning,The secondary vocational school according to the level of running the university is divided into qualified/standardization/demonstration/High level four ranks,Firmly clear zero recruit students of school of dormancy.After adjustment,The secondary vocational school from 2005 in 1035 is adjusted for the current 591,Reduce the 444,By 1371 people JiaoJun scale up to 1992 people,Improve the teaching efficiency.

　　努力改善职业学校办学条件。“十一五”以来，坚持“扶优扶强”和“扶贫帮弱”相结合的原则，中央和省两级财政共投入8亿多元资金，实施实训基地建设项目、基础能力建设项目、30个经济欠发达县扶持项目、国家和省级示范性职业院校建设项目等专项投资计划，涌现出一批办学条件较好、教学设施完备，办学特色鲜明且深受社会、企业欢迎的职业学校。实施“校企合作计划”。在骨干职业院校按专业行业组建了9个省级职业教育集团、35个市级职业教育集团，推动人才培养与企业需求对接。

Efforts to improve vocational school running conditions."11th five-year plan"since,Adhere to the"Enteerprises thal"and"Poverty alleviation help weak"The principle of combining,The central and provincial two stage finance has invested 800 million yuan capital,Implement training base construction projects/Foundation ability construction project/30 economy owe FaDaXian support project/The national and provincial demonstration vocational colleges construction project and so on special investment plan,Emerging a number of school running conditions better/Teaching facilities complete,The characteristics and deeply society/Enterprise welcome vocational school.implementation"School-enterprise cooperation plan".In the backbone vocational colleges according to the professional industry established nine provincial vocational education group/35 municipal vocational education group,Promote the talent cultivation and the demand of the enterprises butt.

　　“十一五”期间，我省确定了重点建设的200个职业教育实训基地。并且有156个装备水平较高、资源共享的职业教育实训基地得到中央财政支持。同时，省政府设立了专项资金，用于实训基地教学仪器及实验实习设备购置。目前，全省共投入资金1.5亿元，新建标准化实训基地100个。自2009年起，省财政设立专项资金，每年举办一次职业院校技能大赛，强化职业院校学生的职业技能训练，职业院校办学水平和服务经济社会发展能力有了明显提升。

"11th five-year plan"period,Our province determines the key construction of 200 vocational education training base.And there are 156 equipment level is higher/Resource sharing professional education training base for the central financial support.At the same time,The provincial government set up a special fund,Used for training base teaching instruments and experimental practice equipment acquisition.At present,The total investment capital is 150 million yuan,New standardization training base 100.Since 2009,Provincial financial set up a special fund,Be held once a year vocational colleges skills contest,Strengthening vocational college students' vocational skills training,Vocational college education level and the service economy social development capability has obvious ascending.

　　着力推进职业教育内涵发展。全面推进中等职业学校课程改革。作为全国首例，我省财政划拨专款1000万元予以资助，参与开发学校有227所，参与的行业企业专家、高职学校和中职学校专家、教师达4000余人。实施中等职业学校专业建设工程。我省研究出台了《中等职业学校专业建设标准》，将中等职业学校专业分为合格、规范化、示范性三级，组织专家对各市申请备案的具有举办学历教育资质的489所学校、4477个专业点进行了审核，根据审核结果对489所学校及其举办的4350个专业予以备案，127个专业不予备案，有力推动了对市域内职业岗位的覆盖度。强化职业技能大赛对教育教学改革的引领作用。连续五年组织山东省职业院校技能大赛，把比赛现场放到企业生产车间。积极参加和承办全国职业院校技能大赛，2011年山东代表团中高职组获得金牌28枚，团体成绩跃升为全国第四名；2012年获得金牌的市扩大到7个，4市实现金牌零的突破。

Focus on promoting vocational education connotation development.Comprehensively promote secondary vocational school curriculum reform.As the country's first,Our province finance transfer fund 10 million yuan to be funded,Participate in developing school there are 227,Participation in the industry enterprise experts/Higher vocational schools and secondary schools experts/Teachers of more than 4000 people.Implementation secondary vocational school professional construction project.Our province issued a research[Secondary vocational school professional construction standards],The secondary vocational school is divided into qualified professional/standardization/Demonstrative level 3,Organizing experts to various cities of the application for archival filing has held the record of formal schooling education qualification 489 schools/4477 professional examined,According to the audit results to 489 schools and 4350 professional held to record,127 professional not record,Promoted the urban professional post within the coverage.Strengthen professional skills contest for education teaching reform leading role.Five consecutive years in shandong province organization vocational colleges skills contest,The game field in enterprise production workshop.Take an active part in and undertakes the national vocational colleges skills contest,In 2011 in shandong delegation gold medal higher vocational group 28 times,Group scores jumped for the fourth national name;In 2012, the gold medal city expanded to seven,4 city to realize the gold medal zero breakthrough.

　　构建一个真正意义上的现代职业教育体系迫在眉睫。而现行的“上下贯通，左右兼容”的职业教育体系大胆突破，勇于创新，是职教走出一片新天地，实现自己的价值，体现自己尊严的必然之举。(王原 李冰杰)

To construct a real modern vocational education system is imminent.While the present"Fluctuation through,Or so compatible"Vocational education system is bold breakthrough,innovation,Vocational education is out of a new land,To realize their own value,Reflect their necessary for dignity.(WangYuan LiBingJie)