“超级中学”背后：法规步步失守 "Super high school"behind:Regulations at every step in

　　从10月底新华社相关报道开始，“超级中学”怪现象再次引起舆论界的关注，学界和观察者再次分析和批评这种集中优势资源、畸形发展“牛校”的做法，并称“超级中学”的做法违反了相关法律而未被问责。尹启元相比这两年六七月份和今年三月份舆论界对“超级中学”现象的批评，自10月31日起的这一波“高潮”，或让被推上风口浪尖的人大附中有“躺着中枪”之感：既非高考季，又非全国两会这样的“风暴眼”时刻。

From the end of October the xinhua news agency reported began,"Super high school"Strange phenomenon caused by the media attention again,Academic circles and observer again analysis and criticism this concentrated advantage resources/Deformity development"Cow school"practice,said"Super high school"Practices in violation of the relevant laws and are not accountability.YinQiYuan compared with the two years of faith and march to the media"Super high school"Phenomenon criticism,Since October 31 on the wave"climax",Or to be put in the teeth of the storm of the National People's Congress is affiliated"Lay shot in the"feeling:Is neither the university entrance exam season,And the CPPCC national such"Storm eye"moment.

　　事情的起源本是另一码事：新华社新华视点记者就“禁奥令”赴多地调查“奥数班”现象，在10月31日推出的报道(题目为：“叫而不停”的三大推手“奥数班”顽症再追踪)中，引用了21世纪教育研究院公布的《2012年北京市小升初概况》相关内容，提及“北京人大附近的一所名校，小升初择校费50万元到80万元，家长为公司副总裁的‘共建生’赞助费20万元起”。

The origin of things this is another matter:The xinhua news agency xinhua viewpoint reporters were"Forbidden Mr Make"To more investigation"Olympic math class"phenomenon,On October 31, launch of the report(Topic for:"Call and keep"Three big hand slap"Olympic math class"Persistent ailment to track)in,Cited the 21st century education institute published[In 2012, Beijing general situation of another]Relevant content,mentioned"Beijing near the National People's Congress of a school,ZeJiaoFei another 500000 yuan to 800000 yuan,Parents as vice President‘Build born’The sponsorship money 200000 yuan".

　　虽然没有具体到学校的名字，还是被人大附中对号入了座，其校长刘彭芝次日约见“新华视点”记者，质疑21世纪教育研究院上述报告中的内容，称“没收捐资助学费”，且准备诉诸法律；21世纪教育研究院院长杨东平则通过“新华视点”记者回应称，所谓“没收捐资助学费”之说绝无可能，“如果要对簿公堂，我们就迎接”。

Although there is no specific to the name of the school,National People's Congress was attached to check the number into the seat,The principal LiuPengZhi next appointment"Xinhua viewpoint"reporter,Questioned the 21st century education institute the contents of the report,says"Confiscate donated tuition funding",And ready to resort to law;The 21st century education research institute President YangDongPing is through"Xinhua viewpoint"Reporter responded that,The so-called"Confiscate donated tuition funding"Say not a chance,"If you want to court,We will meet".

　　从“禁奥令”一下子转向了近两年广受诟病的“超级中学”现象，在一些教育界人士看来，并不“冤枉”，而是必然：相比“超级中学”对应“北大清华们”这种“体制性掐尖”的马太效应，“奥数班”不过是另辟蹊径以钻进“赢家通道”的副产品。正如21世纪教育研究院的袁芳艳所说，“有的家长‘拼关系’，有的家长‘拼金钱’，可是对多数家长来说，只能让孩子‘拼奥数’”。

from"Forbidden Mr Make"Suddenly turned to nearly two years of is widely reviled"Super high school"phenomenon,In some educators looks,Does not"wronged",But inevitable:Compared with"Super high school"corresponding"The Peking University and tsinghua university"this"Institutional QiaJian"Matthew effect of,"Olympic math class"But the author is by drilling"Winner channel"Byproduct of.As the 21st century education institute YuanFangYan said,"Some parents‘Spell relationship’,Some parents‘Spell money’,But for most parents speaking,Can only let the child‘Spell aoshu’".

　　百度一下“超级中学”，排在前列的几条新闻格外抓眼球，“西安市五大超级中学调查：几乎垄断北大清华名额”，“河北‘超级中学’5年来358人考上北大清华”等等，再往下翻，上述标题换换地名，改改数字，几乎在不少地方的相关内容中可以套用。“超级中学”比“奥数班”更受诟病，在观察者眼里，也比“奥数班”更难开药方。新华社记者在“奥数班”顽症的调查报道中，连续用“‘变脸’重演，仅换一张‘皮’”、“处罚不力，像吹过一阵风”、“多方‘勾结’，难断的利益链”三个小标题来披露，但这多数还只是“体制外”的“寻隙”行为。“超级中学”的推手则直接被指为地方政府，为了政绩和招牌，集中力量打造一两所金光灿灿的“牛校”，却“竖起一个杆，倒掉一大片”(据杨东平：我为什么批评人大附中)。在今年的全国两会期间，全国政协委员迟福林在接受媒体采访时也认为，地方政府是“超级中学”的始作俑者，其现象根子不在学校，在政府。

Baidu the"Super high school",The top a few news especially catch the eye,"Xi an five super high school investigation:Almost monopoly Peking University and tsinghua university places","hebei‘Super high school’Five years 358 people admitted to Peking University and tsinghua university", etc,Then turn down,The above title change places,Change digital,Almost in many parts of the relevant content can be applied."Super high school"than"Olympic math class"Are more for,In the eyes of the observer,than"Olympic math class"Harder to prescribe.Xinhua news agency reporters in"Olympic math class"Persistent ailment of the survey report,Continuous use"‘Suddenly turn hostile’Repeats itself,Only in a‘skin’"/"Lack of punishment,Like wind blowing"/"polytropic‘collusion’,Difficult to break interests chain"Three little title to disclosure,But that majority is only"System outside"of"XunXi"behavior."Super high school"Push hands is directly referred to as the local government,In order to achievements and signs,Concentrate on creating a two golden himself"Cow school",but"Prick up a rod,Outwell a large"(According to YangDongPing:Why I criticize people's congress attached middle school).In this year's national sessions,The national political consultative conference (CPPCC) ChiFuLin when being interviewed by the media also think,Local government is"Super high school"the,The phenomenon certainly isn't at school,The government.

　　不只是名师和优秀学生的畸形集中，“超级中学”的规模也向畸形发展。9月底浙江省审计厅发布消息称，浙江部分学校举债规模超过偿还能力，部分学校实际已丧失自身偿还能力；与此形成反差的是，部分负债学校建设规模则“严重超标”，有167所学校生均校舍建筑面积20.63平方米，远远超过10平方米的规定标准。迟福林将这种表象背后的“超级中学”扩张斥之为“变身为超级企业”，不断在建分校、连锁学校、成立国际部、扩大招生规模。

Not only the teacher and excellent students' deformity concentration,"Super high school"The scale of the development also to the deformity.By the end of September ShenJiTing zhejiang province announced,Zhejiang part of the school scale than debt repayment ability,Part of the school actual have lost the ability to repay their own;And the contrast is,Part of the liabilities school construction scale is"Exceeds bid badly",There are 167 school explores the school construction area of 20.63 square meters,Far more than 10 square meters of the provisions of the standard.ChiFuLin will this representation behind"Super high school"Expansion denounced for"Change as super enterprise",Constantly at under construction/Chain school/Established international department/Expanded recruitment of students scale.

　　如何给“超级中学”消肿，教育界人士和一些观察者开出了不少药方，比如“打破高考单一的分数评价体系”(著名教育学者熊丙奇)，“有效保障落后地区中学教育经费”(全国政协委员史贻云)，还有的提出“教育资源向落后地区倾斜”等。

How to"Super high school"detumescence,Educators and some observers open a lot of prescription,For example"Break the university entrance exam single score evaluation system"(Famous education scholars XiongBingJi),"The effective protection of backward area middle school education funds"(The national political consultative conference (CPPCC) ShiYiYun),And put forward"Education resources to the backward area tilt", etc.

　　从操作技术上看，上述药方可以说都从各个角度对准了“病灶”。只是从众多学界针对上述怪现象援引的法规来看，即便是开对了药方，能否治得了病仍是疑问。

From the operation on the technology,The above prescription can say from all Angle on the"lesions".Just from many scholars to the strange phenomenon referred regulations to see,Even if is open to the prescription,Can cure disease is still a question.

　　在分析“超级中学”怪现状时，杨东平将上世纪90年代末教育部门的一次“开口子”称之为“噩梦的开始”：在高中与初中脱钩的政策下，人大附中等六所高中以教育实验之需为由，保留初中部，导致后来它一个违反《义务教育法》 的做法选拔性、竞争性、淘汰性的选拔学生方式被全国效仿。

On the analysis of the"Super high school"Strange in the status quo,YangDongPing will be 1990 s education department a"burst"called"Nightmare start":In high school and junior high school decoupling policies,National People's Congress attached middle school and so on six high school education to the need for,Keep ChuZhongBu,Lead to later it a violation[Compulsory education] Practice real/competitive/TaoTaiXing selection by the way of students to follow.

　　杨东平在其回应人大附中的文章中称，包括人大附中在内的一些名校收取择校费，也是公然违背了《义务教育法》。被指为公然违法的行为还不止上述这些。浙江部分中学举债扩张的消息公开后，熊丙奇就撰文称，按照《教育法》、《高等教育法》，学校是不能向银行贷款的。

YangDongPing in its response to the National People's Congress said in the text of the attached,Some, including people's congress affiliated school ZeJiaoFei charge,Also disobeyed the[Compulsory education].Referred to as openly illegal behavior is more than these.Zhejiang part of the middle school debt expansion news after the public,XiongBingJi have written says,According to the[education]/[Higher education],The school is not loans to Banks.

　　按照上述学界人士的分析，众多“超级中学”的做法是直接违法的；但目前其做法，却在违法的同时，已经从效仿到惯例，再进一步要形成制度性的做法了。

According to the above analysis of the academic circles,many"Super high school"Practice is a direct violation of the law;But now its practice,But at the same time in violation of the law,Have follow from the practice,Further to form the institutional approach.

　　针对这种怪状，网友“这盘太难了的博客”在转载杨东平的文章时点评道：这个机制本身就是一边生产木马，一边打着补丁，补丁是更大的木马，需要更大的补丁。

According to the strange shape,Net friend"This dish is too difficult blog"In the transfer YangDongPing article comments on the way:This mechanism itself is side production trojans,Part dozen patch,Patch is greater trojans,Need more large patch.

　　内蒙古自治区教育学会常务理事刘波接受新华社记者采访时，针对“奥数班”现象叹息说，“这么多年了，还没听说哪个学校校长违反禁令被处分的”。如果将用其来形容“超级中学”现象，则违反禁令、乃至违反相关法规者，又何止校长一人？

Inner Mongolia autonomous region education society executive member of the council LiuBo accept xinhua news agency reporters in an interview,According to"Olympic math class"Phenomenon sighed,"So many years,Haven't heard that which school principals in violation of the ban is dispose of".If will use it to describe"Super high school"phenomenon,Ban is in violation of/And even those in violation of the relevant regulations,And far more than the principal one?