GRE的issue写作考试素来被称为北美考试中最难的一门写作考试。之所以难，有一部分原因的确是因为GRE的issue题目确实很难，一部分的题目甚至难到无话可说。这种现象在去年（2011年）8月6日GRE考试改革前的题库——也就是现在所戏称的“老题库”中体现得比较明显。以下两道在当时非常著名的题目：

The GRE general issue in the writing test was known as North America examination of the most difficult throws in a writing test.Is difficult to,Partly this is because the GRE general issue subject it is difficult,Part of the subject and even hard to have nothing to say.This kind of phenomenon in the last year(In 2011,)August 6, before the reform the GRE general test question bank - and is now the calls"Old question bank"Reflect in the more obvious.The following two at that time very famous subject:

　　（老GRE issue题库131题）The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.

(Old GRE issue item pool 131 questions)The arts (painting, Music, literature, Etc.) Reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society.

　　（老GRE issue题库176题）The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.

(Old GRE issue item pool 176 questions)The function of science is to reassure; The purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.

　　上述这两道题，之所以难，难在题目所涉及的领域——艺术，是我们中国学生所特别陌生的话题。要把这些题目拓展开讲清楚，就必须领会西方艺术的基本发展脉络。对于西方艺术的了解，成了这些题目破题中所不可或缺的内容。

The above two questions,Is difficult to,Is the topic involves the field - art,Is our Chinese students have special stranger to the topic.To put these questions expansion began to clear,We must understand the basic development vein western art.For the understanding of the western art,Become the topic of "an indispensable part of the content.

　　然而，令人惊讶的是，新G改革，在issue考试上，比较大的变动是取消了原有的2选1的题型，而是只给了一道题。此外，更重要的是，此类难题，就再也没出现在新的GRE issue的题库当中。

however,Surprisingly,New G reform,In the issue on the exam,Compare big change is to cancel the original 2 to choose a topic,But only to the question.In addition,More important is,Such problem,Haven't appeared in the new GRE issue among the question bank.

　　为何ETS会删去此类难题，这是值得我们这些长期研究GRE写作的老师揣摩的地方。首先，ETS应该不会自己放弃那些他们很自鸣得意、甚至引以为傲的题目。其次，ETS绝对不会因为题目太难而自己自觉自愿地去删除。为此，笔者做了以下一个大胆而合理的猜测：试想在原来的2选1机制下，如果某道题目出现在某次考试中，参加考试的10000个考生中有9999个人不选他，那无论这道题是简单还是难，这道题目设计的本身就失去了意义。讲得简单点，因为所有人都放弃它，所以这道题本身就没有任何存在的价值。也就是说，是群众的力量将这些题给废掉的。当然，还有一种可能，那就是这类题目，在全世界范围内，选题具有明显的倾向性，比如某些国家的考生擅长与的某些话题，而另一些国家的考生几乎无人选择，那这样的话就会产生地域歧视。ETS在2002年首次在GRE正式推行写作考试，到去年（2011年）已经有10年的时间。如果这10年每次考试ETS都会对学生issue题目的选择作记录的话，那ETS应该有足够多的数据来支持这一点。

Why ETS will cut out such problems,This is worth us these long-term study GRE writing teacher ponder place.First of all,ETS should not themselves to give up those who they are complacency/Even proud topic.secondly,ETS absolutely not because topic too hard and voluntarily to delete.therefore,The author made the following a bold and reasonable guess:Just think in the original 2 choose 1 mechanism,If a problem appeared in a test,To take an examination of 10000 examinee, 9999 individual not elected him,That whether the problem is simple or hard,The problem of the design itself has lost its meaning.Speak simple point,Because everyone give it up,So the problem itself does not have any the value of existence.That is,Is the strength of the masses will these questions to the set aside.Of course,There is also a chance,It is this kind of topic,In the world scope,Topic has obvious tendentiousness,For example the examinee of some countries with good at some of the topic,And some other country's examinee almost no one choice,That such words can produce regional discrimination.ETS in 2002 for the first time in GRE formal implementation of the writing test,Last year(In 2011,)Has more than 10 years of time.If this 10 years every exam ETS will issue to the student the choice of topic for record,The ETS should have enough data to support this point.

　　抛开这些猜测，我觉得删掉这些题的背后，无论是出于什么原因，最终的指向都是明确的，那就是ETS认为考生对于这些题目所表现出来情况和ETS预想的或者事先设定的情况不一样。我曾经做过这样一件事情，那就是把ETS所有在新G issue中删掉的题目做了一个整理后发现：这些题目无一例外都有一个共同的特征——太偏太难。而前面给出的两道老G的经典难题，正是所谓的“偏”题的典型。

Despite these guess,I think delete these questions behind,Whether for what reason,The final point is clear,That is ETS think candidates for these questions shown and ETS expected or pre-set situation is different.I have done such a thing,That is the ETS all in the new G issue cancelled subject made a discovery after finishing:These questions without exception all have a common characteristic -- too partial too hard.Front and given two old G classic problem,It is the so-called"partial"Problem of typical.

　　为什么ETS对于偏题如此的感冒，甚至为此不惜砍掉这些经典题？我觉得这与ETS的考题设置要求不无关系。长期以来，ETS一直强迫自己在GRE考试的题目设置中做到“公平”，即答题是不需要有任何知识背景的。这一点甚至在GRE写作中也不例外。早在2002年，ETS就明确提出了“考题公平”这一说法。以下是他们对GRE写作的官方陈述：

Why ETS to trick question so cold,Even at this cut down the classic problem?I think this and ETS's examination questions to set a requirement not relationship.For a long time,ETS has been forced himself in the GRE subject setting of do"fair",That is the answer is not to need to have any knowledge background.It even in GRE writing is no exception.As early as in 2002,ETS is explicitly put forward"Examination questions fair"This is the one that.Here are their GRE writing official statements:

　　The Analytical Writing Measure tests your critical thinking and analytical writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate and support complex ideas, construct and evaluate arguments, and sustain a focused and coherent discussion. It does not assess specific content knowledge.

The Analytical Writing Measure tests your critical thinking and Analytical Writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate and support complex ideas, Construct and evaluate arguments, And sustain a focused and coherent commercial integrity is maintained It does not assess specific content knowledge.

　　The tasks in the Analytical Writing measure relate to a broad range of subjects — from the fine arts and humanities to the social and physical sciences — but no task requires knowledge of specific content. In fact, each task has been tested by actual GRE® test takers to ensure that it possesses several important characteristics, including the following:

The tasks in The Analytical Writing measure relate to a broad range of subjects - from The fine arts and humanities to The social and physical sciences - but no task requires knowledge of specific content. In fact, Each task has been tested by actual GRE® Test takers to ensure that it possesses several important characteristics, Including the following:

　　• GRE test takers, regardless of their field of study or special interests, understood the task and could easily respond to it.

• GRE test takers, Regardless of their field of study or special interests, Understood the time and could easily respond to it.

　　• The task elicited the kinds of complex thinking and persuasive writing that university faculty consider important for success in graduate school.

• The time elicited The kinds of complex thinking and persuasive writing that university faculty consider important for success in graduate school.

　　• The responses were varied in content and in the way the writers developed their ideas.

• The responses were varied in content and in rationally and place The writers developed their ideas.

　　我们有理由猜测，ETS虽然当年给出了这样一条准则，但当时连ETS自己或许都不能保证自己的题目肯定是不需要任何知识背景的。因为ETS不知道作为某些在美国学生眼里的常识，海外考生是否真的也认为是常识。或许正是由于这个原因，之前的GRE issue写作才会设置成2选1的考试形式。而在新G时代，在积累了10年的数据和信息之后，ETS已经对每道题库的题目有了充分的把握。于是，取消了2选1的考试形式的同时，也意味着ETS有足够的自信说，题库中的所有题目，无论哪道题，都能保证考生，即便没有任何背景知识，依然能够写出文章来。换句话说，现在的新G考试，是真正体现“考题公平”的。

We have reason to guess,ETS although is given in such a criterion,But at that time even ETS himself perhaps can guarantee that their topic is certainly don't need any knowledge background.Because ETS don't know as some students in the United States, the common sense of the eyes,Overseas students really also think is common knowledge.Perhaps it is because of this reason,The GRE issue before writing will be set to 2 choose 1 exam form.But in the new era of G,In the accumulation of the 10 years after the data and information,ETS has to each item pool topic have fully grasp.so,Cancelled 2 choose 1 exam form at the same time,Also means that ETS confident enough to say,The question bank, all questions,No matter what problem,Can guarantee the examinee,Even without any background knowledge,Still can write articles to.In other words,Now new G examination,Is really reflect"Examination questions fair"of.

　　那么，在考题公平的背景下，对我们考生的复习和老师的指导产生什么影响呢？

so,In the examination questions fair background,To our examinee's review and the teacher's guidance what influence?

　　我个人觉得最重要的影响，就是要彻底摒弃issue素材准备过程中对知识背景的过分依赖。

Personally, I think the most important influence,Is to thoroughly abandon issue material preparation process to the knowledge background of depend on.

　　首先，必须要强调的，既然ETS在现行的GRE写作考试已经充分做到了不考察大家的知识背景了。而且ETS一再声明，对于一道题目，你是否用专业内容来答题，对将来的得分是不会产生任何影响的。以ETS所给出的官方范文为例，ETS在官方网站和官方指南上都给出了题库第一题的从1分到6分的官方范文。其中那篇6分的官方范文，我们通过剖析不难发现。全文所用的11个例证没有一个是学术性专业性很强的例子。相反，作者所举的例子都是很普通的、平时生活中非常常见的例子。以下段落摘自该文的第一段 ：

First of all,Must be emphasized,Since ETS in the current GRE writing test has been fully did not study the knowledge of our people that the background.And ETS statement again and again,For a topic,If you use professional content to answer,For the future score is won't produce any influence.Given by ETS official model as an example,ETS in the official website and official guide are presented on the item pool first problem from 1 to 6 points official essays.The article six points of the official essays,We through the analysis it is not hard to find.The full text of the 11 example no one is academic professional strong example.instead,The author considers the example of are very common/Peacetime life very common example.The following paragraphs from the first section of the paper :

　　The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century. Surely there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have changed more dramatically. A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world. Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion engine. During the workday, chances are high that the employee will interact with a computer that processes information on silicon bridges that are .09 microns wide. Upon leaving home, family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth. Each of these common occurrences could have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19th century.

The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over The past century. Surely there has been no time in history where The lived lives of people have changed more dramatically. A quick reflection on A typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized The world. Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion engine. During The workday, Chances are high that the employee will interact with a Computer that processes information on silicon Bridges that are. 09 microns wide. Upon leaving home, Family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth. Each of these common occurrences could have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19 th century.

　　作为全文的开头，作者并没有按常规“出牌”，甚至在第一段中连自己的观点都没有亮出来。可这些在我们中国学生眼中“清规戒律”并不影响这篇文章成为一篇优秀的GRE满分文章。整个段落中，作者所使用了三个例子（car, computer, mobile phone），均属很平常很普通的素材。与之相反的，作者用“A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world.”这样一句话把这三个例子串了起来，体现出这些例子的典型性和普适性。一定程度上，这样平常、简单的例子来例证，非但没有让文章“逊色”，而让这种论证变得具有极强的说服力。由此可见，素材本身不分高低贵贱，用好生活中的很朴实的素材，也能够成就GRE写作高分。

As the beginning of the full text,The author did not routine"The brand",Even in the first paragraph, even his own point of view are no light out.But these in our Chinese students eyes"grudgingly"Does not affect this article become a excellent GRE full mark in this paper.The whole paragraph,The author use the three examples(car, Computer, Mobile phone),Belong to the very common very common material.The opposite,The author USES"A quick reflection on A typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world."Such a word the three example string up,Reflect these examples of typicality and universality.A certain extent,Such common/Simple example to example,Not only did not let this article"inferior",And let this argument becomes with strong persuasion.Thus it can be seen,Material itself regardless of high and low,Make good use of life is very simple material,Also can accomplish GRE writing high scores.

　　为什么要提这一点呢？因为长期以来，GRE issue一直给学生甚至部分老师一种幻觉，那就是：既然是学术考试，就必须要把文章写得很学术。比如，凡是出现法律类的题目，就必须把法律的基本假定、法律的意义这些东西要阐述清楚。这种认识，在很长一段时间内，哪怕是在现在，依然普遍存在。不少GRE写作老师甚至某些GRE写作参考书，对学生的这种认识也起到了推波助澜的作用。普遍地，同学们会选择“难”、“深”的素材来作为写作素材，觉得在考试中所运用的素材越专业越艰深，就越能体现出自己深厚的学术功底。而实际情况并非如此。在我所接触的学生习作中，不乏有使用专业性很强、而写得并不理想的文章。以下为典型的一例：

Why do you want to mention this point?Because long,GRE issue has been to students and even part of the teachers an illusion,That is:Since is the academic examination,You must write the article very academic.For example,Those who appear law kind topic,The law must be the basic assumption/Legal significance these things to clearly.This kind of understanding,In a very long period of time,Even in now,Still exists generally.A lot of GRE writing teacher even some GRE writing reference books,To student's this understanding also play a important role.generally,Students will choose"difficult"/"deep"Material for writing material,Think in the test by the professional material more abstruse,The more it will reflect his profound academic skills.But that was not the case.In my contact with students in the project,No use specialization is very strong/Writing articles is not ideal.The following is a typical case:

　　（学生习作）11. People's behaviour is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

(Student work)11. People 's behaviour is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

　　The statement indicates that people behave according to external forces instead of their own idea. However, as the great philosopher Karl Marx said, all the things are determined by inner world, since internal elements are decisive while external factors merely play a role of catalyst. Consider the process of decision making, which people's behaviour depends on. No matter how powerful external forces are, it is people themselves that decide whether they yield to the forces or insist on their own belief or follow their hearts when pressure from external forces and ideas in inner world are controversial. Accordingly, for this matter, I would like to stand the side Marx holds.

The statement indicates that people behave according to external forces instead of their own idea. However, As the great philosopher Karl Marx said, All the things are determined by inner world, Since internal elements are decisive while external factors merely play a role of catalyst. Consider the process of decision making, Which people 's behaviour depends on. No matter how powerful external forces are, It is people themselves that decide whether they yield your forces or insist on their own belief or follow their hearts when pressure from external forces and ideas in inner world are controversial. Accordingly, For this matter, I would like to stand the side Marx holds.

　　To start with, we should acknowledge that behaviour is depended on decision. As Cognitive Behaviour Theory proves, people's behaviour directly results from decision. Only after thinking and decision can people set out to do something. Based on this assumption, therefore, it is necessary for us to have a look on the process of decision making.

To start with, We should acknowledge that behaviour is depended on decision. As Cognitive behaviour Theory proves, People 's behaviour directly results from decision. Only after thinking and decision can people set out to do something. Based on this assumption, Therefore, It is necessary for us to have a look on the process of decision making.

　　People's behaviour can be classified into two groups. One is instinctive behaviour which regareds people as a kind of animal, and the other is social behaviour. However, as people are a kind of social animal with brilliant mind, instinctive behaviour such as seeking for water, food and sacurity, in terms of people, is nevertheless controlled by brains. For instance, soldiers can suffer from thirsty and hunger during wars, students will stop eating when class starts for the sake of respecting teachers, although they may extremely hungry. Thus, despite instinctive behaviour may determined by forces on other kinds of animal, people behaves after their decisions.

People 's behaviour can be classified into two groups. One is instinctive behaviour which regareds People as a kind of animal, And the other is social behaviour. However, As people are a kind of social animal with brilliant mind, Instinctive behaviour such as seeking for water, Food and sacurity, In terms of people, Is nevertheless controlled by brains. For instance, Soldiers can suffer from thirsty and hunger during wars, Students will stop eating when class starts for the sake of respecting teachers, Although they may extremely hungry. Thus, Despite instinctive behaviour may determined by forces on other kinds of animal, People behaves after their decisions.

　　Social behaviour, the other group, is more clear to see dependence on decision. Large number of theories study decision making and factors influencing decision. Communication and psychological theorists developed consistency theory, which offers us a powerful testimony on people's own decision when facing conflict choice. All consistency theories begin with the same premise: people are more comfortable with consistency than inconsistency. Therefore, people tend to initially seek mental balance facing conflicts. Even though external pressure does not obviously force one, who is the unique one holds different idea with others, to change idea, but for seeking mentally balance, the individual tends to follow the majority. In this way, decision changes, on one's own making.

Social behaviour, The other group, Is more clear to see dependence on decision. Large number of theories study decision making and factors influencing decision. Communication and psychological theorists developed consistency theory, Which offers us a powerful testimony on people 's own decision when facing conflict choice. All consistency theories begin with the same premise: people are more comfortable with consistency than inconsistency. Therefore, People tend to initially seek mental balance facing conflicts. Even though external pressure does not obviously force one, Who is the unique one holds different idea with others, To change idea, But for seeking mentally balance, The individual tends to follow the majority. In this way, Decision changes, On one 's own making.

　　Similarly, in terms of economics theory, game theory provides a method of studying decision making, which also strengths people's own tendency to maximum the benefit and minimum the loss .Take laws, a definitely type of forces out of people's mind, for example. Laws forbid people in a variety of aspects. No matter what individuals thinks, laws regulate people's behaviour. And during one's decision making on whether he is going to drive or not after drinking beer, for example, he is bound to weigh benefits and loss. Laws doubtless play a role of affecting his decision.

similarly, In terms of economics theory, Game theory provides a method of studying decision making, Which also strengths people 's own tendency to maximum the benefit and minimum the loss. Take laws, A definitely type of forces out of people 's mind, For example, Laws forbid people in a variety of aspects. No matter what individuals thinks, Laws regulate people 's behaviour. And during one' s decision making on whether he is going to drive or not after drinking beer, For example, He is bound to weigh benefits and loss. Laws doubtless play a role of affecting his decision.

　　上文给读者的最大印象是“难懂”。而且作为写作老师，我完全想象得出来，作者写这篇文章的过程也同样是极其痛苦的。作者非常希望自己能够写出一篇很深刻的文章，可是对于一个对英语写作的驾驭能力不是特别高的同学来说，写这样的文章就会出现被“憋”住的情况。即：想表达但不会表达、或者想表达但不知如何表达的情况。本文中，这种例子不计其数。全文从第一段开始，就引用了社会行为学和社会心理学的理论来进行阐述，但是，所有读者在读文章的过程中，几乎要每读一句话就要停顿一下，想一想作者到底要表达什么。比如，第四段第一句话：Social behaviour, the other group, is more clear to see dependence on decision. 这种句子，就是典型的读者大致能够知道作者想表达什么，但就是不会表达的情况。更为典型的就是第四段的倒数第二句：Even though external pressure does not obviously force one, who is the unique one holds different idea with others, to change idea, but for seeking mentally balance, the individual tends to follow the majority. 此句话层次非常不清楚，让读者读后完全不知所云。事实上，这种写作常常会让文章陷入“死局”——作者很痛苦，同时读者也很痛苦。作者想表达但不会表达，读者想弄清楚作者的意思但反复读还是弄不清楚。出现这种情况的主要原因，其实就是文中所使用的写作素材理论性过强，导致过于抽象。我们知道，无论是哪门语言，表达抽象概念的难度要远远大于表达具体事例的难度。这几乎成为了所有人全都认同的常识。因此，如果没有能力来驾驭这样的文章，想办法把文章写得更加“简单”才是明智之举。而且，既然ETS已经明确指出，是否了解专业背景对于文章分数的高低没有任何影响，这就说明把文章写得艰深是完全没有必要的。既然如此，那就索性不要选择让文章往理论性的方向上走。

Above the biggest impression is to give readers"difficult".And as the writing teacher,I totally imagine it,The author wrote this article process is also extremely painful.The author hope very much that you can write a very profound articles,But for a to English writing ability is not particularly high for students,Write this article will appear be"suppress"Living situation.namely:Want to express but not express/Or want to express but don't know how to express.In this paper,Countless examples.Full text from the first paragraph,Quote the social behavior and social psychology theory to elaborate,but,All readers in the process of reading this article,Almost every read a word will pause,Think about the author really want to express.For example,The fourth section of the first words:Social behaviour, The other group, Is more clear to see dependence on decision. This kind of sentence,Is the typical readers roughly can know the author want to express,But is not expressed.More typical is the fourth section of the second to last sentence:Even though external pressure does not obviously force one, Who is the unique one holds different idea with others, To change idea, But for seeking mentally balance, The individual tends to follow the majority. This sentence level very not clear,Let the reader reflection completely at sea.In fact,This writing will often let this paper into"SiJu"- the author very pain,At the same time, the reader is painful.The author want to express but not express,Readers want to make it clear that the author's meaning but read is not clear.The main reason for the appear this kind of circumstance,In fact is the use of a strong theoretical writing material,Cause too abstract.We know that,Regardless of the language,The difficulty of the abstract concept expression than express specific examples of difficulty.This almost become the all people all agree with the common sense.therefore,If there is no ability to control such articles,Think of a way to write the article more"simple"Is wise.and,Since ETS has explicitly pointed out,Have knowledge of professional background for this paper the score height didn't have any effect,This explains the article writes abstruse is completely unnecessary.so,That is simply choose not to let the theoretical direction to walk on.

　　那接下来的问题就是：到底选择什么样的写作素材呢？对于这个问题，我的回答很简单。我对所有同学在选择写作素材时，都会给出两个最为基本的要求：朴实、具体。既然绝大多数的同学完全没有驾驭抽象素材的能力，我们为何不把文章往简单的路线上写呢？就拿这篇学生习作为例，根据题目：People's behaviour is largely determined by forces not of their own making. 我们完全可以选择非常普通的素材来进行例证。甚至更为极端一些，我们完全可以举自己身上所发生的例子。比如我们可以这样想：我们自己在什么时候最有可能出现毫无选择地“被动接受”呢？于是就很容易想到，我们所有人在小的时候最会出现被迫做一些事情的情况。比如，我们上学。刚上小学一年级的时候，念书一般都是被迫的，因为小孩子嘛，都觉得读书苦，因此都不想念书。而且在小学的时候，接受教育非但是爸爸妈妈强迫孩子，连国家都会强迫孩子念书，爸妈不让孩子念书是犯罪一种犯罪行为。与之对应的，可能当我们长大了，如今出国留学念硕士或者博士，就是属于自己的选择而不是被迫的。事实上，当想到这个层面的时候，写作素材就已经有了。这样的素材写在文章当中，是非常具有说服力的，因为这些都是几乎所有人都会遇到的，因此就具有典型性。

The next question is:What choose what kind of writing material?For this problem,My answer is very simple.I choose to all students writing material,Will be given two most basic requirements:guileless/specific.Since the vast majority of students no rein abstract material ability,Why don't we go to the article simple route to write?Take this piece of student project as an example,According to the topic:People 's behaviour is largely determined by forces not of their own making. We can choose very ordinary material For example.Even some of the more extreme,We can lift ourselves examples of what had happened.For example we can think so:Our own when most likely to appear no optionally"Passive to accept"??So it is easy to think of,All of us in the small when the most will be forced to do things situation.For example,We go to school.Just a grade in elementary school,Study is usually forced,Because a child,Think reading bitter,So do not want to study.And in the primary school,Accept education not only is mom and dad forced child,Even countries would force children to study,My parents don't let children study crime is a crime.As the matching,May when we grow up,Now studying abroad read master's or doctor,Is to belong to own choice and not forced.In fact,When the thought of the levels of time,Writing material will already have.Such material in this article writing of,Is very persuasive,Because these are nearly all will be met,So typical.

　　当然，一定程度上也必须承认，并不是所有的题目都能够通过从自己的自身经历入手挖掘素材就能做到的。有些题目还是需要有一些背景知识的，比如关于历史类题材的题目。当然，事实上对于这类题目，我们不是缺乏素材。我们脑海中是有素材的。但凡讲到历史类的题材的题目，“以史为鉴”基本上成了这一类题材的论述观点。而且，在寻找素材支持观点时，同学们都很容易想到一些例子，比如：二战、文革、卧薪尝胆、焚书坑儒、闭关锁国，我甚至还遇到过同学在课上告诉我“水能载舟，亦能覆舟”的例子。同学们想到这些例子不是难事，真正感觉困难的是想到之后不知道该如何在写作中具体操作：二战这一素材如何能够支持“以史为鉴”？继而发现“二战”这个例子完全不能拓展。经验告诉我，当同学发现这些例子无法操作的时候，正常的反应就是再换一个例子。但是，他们会继续发现他们即便换个素材去拓展依然逃脱不了这个“魔咒”，而当他发现换了五到六个例子依然不能满足写作要求时，就会陷入僵局。这是绝大多数同学们在素材准备上的真正痛处。因为他已经不知道该如何再举什么例子了。事实上，我觉得例子都是好的例子，但同学们关键问题是不知道如何充分利用好这些例子。绝大多数的同学在写这些例子的时候，脑子里只有一个模糊的大概。讲得简单点，就是大脑当中对这个素材只有label，没有具体的可以形象描述的story。当然，为什么会只有label呢？很大程度上是因为同学们对于这些素材，只记住了一个大概，但是真正的细节已经淡忘了。这就导致了，当讲到某一个问题的时候，同学们对于素材的列举是有反应的，但是继续往下如何写，就发现有困难了。这其实就引出了我们素材准备的关键：那就是，并不是为了准备GRE写作去扩大自己的知识面，而是要充分利用好自己已经知晓的素材。而做到这点，根本办法在于还原自己已经学过的或者已经了解的但是又很模糊的素材，让他们变得具体，变得生动，变得可操作。

Of course,A certain extent must also admit that,Not all the questions can pass from his own experience of material mining can do it.Some questions still need to have some background knowledge,For example about the topic of history class theme.Of course,In fact to this kind of topic,We are not lack of material.Our mind is a material.In every case history class about the topic of the subject matter,"Taking history as a mirror"Basically become this kind of theme, this paper discusses the viewpoint.and,In the search for material support views,The students are very easy to think of some examples,For example:World war ii/Cultural revolution/go/qin/seclusion,I even met students tell me in class"The same knife cuts bread,Also can the capsized boat"example.The students think of these examples is not hard,Really feel the difficulty is thought of later don't know how to in writing concrete operation:World war ii this material how to able to support"Taking history as a mirror"?And then find"World war ii"This example completely unable to expand.Experience told me,When students found that these examples can't operations,The normal reaction is to change an example.but,They will continue to find that they even change the material to develop still can not escape this"spell",And when he found in five to six example still cannot meet the writing requirement,Will stalemate.This is the vast majority of students in the material preparing really sore.Because he has not know how to give another example of what.In fact,I think example are good examples,But the students don't know the key problem is how to make full use of these examples.Most of the students in writing when these examples,Mind only a vague about.Speak simple point,Is the brain of the material of the only label,No specific can image description of the story.Of course,Why would only label?That is largely because the classmates for these materials,Just remember a probably,But the real details have been dismissed.This led to the,When talked about a problem,The classmates for material list is a reaction,But go on how to write,He found a difficulty.It has drawn out the material we prepared the key:That is,And not to prepare for the GRE writing to expand own aspect of knowledge,But to make full use of the good he had known material.And do this,Fundamental way is to restore you have learned or already know but also very fuzzy material,Let them become concrete,Becomes vivid,Become operational.

　　找到了问题的核心关键，接下来就是要去寻找解决方案。事实上，这一问题的解决方案其实很简单。在网络和信息如此发达的情况下，要还原自己以前学过的知识其实是异常容易的： Google, Yahoo, Wikipedia, 甚至百度都可以，这些资源的充分利用对于我们issue的素材积累会起到非常大的推动作用。同学们可以专门自己建一个文档，把自己想到的label，先在文档中写出来，然后通过搜索相关的知识，来丰富这一素材。当然，我个人建议大家能够用英语版的wiki同时兼顾得看“百度百科”，因为英文版的wiki能够告诉我们对这些素材的大致的描述方式，但是我们不能过分依赖，以免被ETS查出“雷同”。

Find the key,The next step is to find solutions.In fact,The problem solution is actually very simple.In the network and information so developed circumstances,You want to restore his had learned knowledge is actually anomaly easy: Google, yahoo, Wikipedia, Even baidu can,The full use of these resources for us to issue material accumulation will play a very large role.Students can build myself a specialized documents,The thought of label,First write in the document,Then through the search relevant knowledge,To enrich the material.Of course,Personally, I suggest you to be able to use English version of the wiki both have to see"Baidu baike",For English version of the wiki can tell us to the general description of these material way,But we can't depend on,To avoid being ETS find out"identical".