中国学校能否赶上网络教育新浪潮 Chinese school can catch up with the network education new wave

　　未来的课堂会是什么样？高喊了那么多年的“学习革命”到底如何进行？在为择校之痛、辍学现象、教师队伍质量不佳等传统教育的弊端忧心和争论时，思考这些问题的人似乎并不多。

The future of the classroom will be what kind of?So many years of shouted"Learning revolution"Exactly how to?In school for the pain/School dropout phenomenon/Poor quality of teachers' team, such as the disadvantages of traditional education worried when and debate,Think about these problems are not many people seem to.

　　11月22日～24日北京召开的2012中国国际远程教育大会上，这些问题成为大家讨论的热点。很多专家形成的共识是，游戏化卡通化是未来课堂和学习方式变革的发展方向。

On November 22 ~ 24 Beijing at the 2012 China international remote education conference,These problems become the focus of discussion.Many experts consensus is formed,The game change cartoon change will be the future classroom and study way change the direction of development.

应对第三次工业革命 Deal with the third industrial revolution

中国教育应储备什么样的人才 Chinese education should reserve what kind of talent

　　汤敏将一块火鸡肉的图像打到了大屏幕上。“这不是普通的火鸡肉块，而是用3D打印机做出来的。”汤敏介绍，3D打印机是一个像车床、铣床的机器，将材料放进去，它就能像打印机一样一层层地按照设定目标将物品一模一样地打出来。这种新工艺可以满足各种个性化、定制化的需求，被认为是第三次工业革命的重要标志。

ShangMin will be a piece of Turkey's image to play to the big screen."This is no ordinary fire chicken pieces,But with the 3 d printer to make."ShangMin introduced,3 d printers are like a lathe/Milling machine machine,Will put in material,It can like printer as layer by layer according to set goals will be a same item to play out.This new process can meet various personalized/Customized demand,The third time is considered to be an important symbol of the industrial revolution.

　　今年，英国《经济学人》有封面文章认为，“第三次工业革命”是一次新的数字化制造革命，会让制造业重新回到发达国家，而给中国这个“全球工厂”造成制造空档。

This year,British[economist]The article thinks that a cover,"The third industrial revolution"Is a new digital manufacturing revolution,Will make manufacturing back to developed countries,But to the Chinese this"Global factory"Cause manufacturing neutral.

　　“面对如此巨大的变化，我们准备好了吗？”汤敏反观历史：第一次工业革命发生时中国尚是天朝大国，GDP全世界第一。而一台小小的蒸汽机的发明，让中国被动了上百年；第二次工业革命是电器化大生产，中国又落在了后面。如今，当中国制造爬坡那么多年，好容易经济总量成为世界第二，怎样才能不被这第三次工业革命甩到后面？他的回答是，首先要有全新的教育。

"In the face of such a great change,We ready?"ShangMin reviewing the history:The first industrial revolution occurs China remains a celestial empire,The world's first GDP.And a little from the invention of the steam engine,Let China passive hundreds of years;The second industrial revolution is DianQiHua production,China has left behind.now,When China manufacturing climbing so many years,Very easy economy become the world's second,How can I not be the third industrial revolution left behind to?His answer is,The first to have new education.

　　汤敏认为，现在的教育教学模式，包括大学在内，是按照过去劳动密集型的生产方式设计的。教材千篇一律，要求学生像战士一样服从命令，创新能力很弱，独立思考能力很弱。工业化大生产时代只需要你成为老老实实的工人，老老实实的工程师。而在第三次工业革命之后，全新的个性化学习社会将到来，“我们需要大批有创意的青年”。

ShangMin think,Now the education teaching mode,Including university,,According to the past labor-intensive production mode design.Materials waking,Students are required to like warriors obey orders,Innovation ability is very weak,Independent thinking ability is very weak.Industrialized production times only need you to become honest workers,Honest engineer.And in the third after the industrial revolution,New personalized learning society will come,"We need a large number of creative youth".

　　他反问在座的教育界人士：大家在批判网络游戏时是否反思，为什么不能把让千万亿青年人废寝忘食的东西引到教育教学的过程中来？年轻人正把整个生活网络化，为什么不能把网络和教育相结合？

He ask our educators:Everyone in the critical network game is reflection,Why not get 1 quadrillion young people forget oneself thing leads to education in the process of teaching?Young people are the whole life network,Why can't the network and education combined with?

美国可汗学院颠覆传统 The United States institute subverts the traditional khan

把教育游戏化、卡通化、自主化 The education game change/Cartoon change/autonomization

　　“我在贫困地区做调查，有三分之一辍学儿童不是上不起学，而是因为在学校里学的没意思。”

"I make a survey in poor areas,A third school children not can't afford to go to school,But because of the boring learned in school."

　　汤敏由此提问：学习怎么就不能变得比较快乐呢？

ShangMin this question:Learn how to can't become happier?

　　他认为，最近在美国炙手可热的可汗学院，就是“教育游戏化、卡通化”的最佳范本。现在，就连一度风靡的麻省理工学院的网络视频公开课，都已被称为老掉牙的方式。

He thinks,In the United States recently hottest khan college,is"Education game change/Cartoon change"Best template.now,Even it was once fashionable in the Massachusetts institute of technology of network video open class,Have been called the old way.

　　今年4月，美国《时代周刊》评出了2012年影响世界的百人榜，可汗位列第四。微软公司创始人比尔·盖茨在推荐信里写道：“就像很多伟大的革新者一样，萨尔曼·可汗原先并不打算改变世界，他只是试图给在美国另一头的中学生表妹辅导代数课。”

In April this year,The United States[times]Choose the 2012 influence the world's one hundred people,Khan was fourth.Microsoft founder Bill Gates in the recommendation letter wrote:"Like many great innovator of the same,Salman khan · originally does not intend to change the world,He's just trying to give in the United States on the other end of the middle school students cousin counselling algebra."

　　4年前，美国出现了一个名不见经传的被称为“可汗学院”的教育机构，这个机构是由一位麻省理工学院毕业的孟加拉裔美国人创办的。他住在波士顿，本来以“炒股票”为生，他的表妹住在新奥尔良，想考大学，希望他来帮助自己补习中学课程。但是距离这么远怎么做家教呢？他尝试通过远程方式来讲课，后来干脆把他的讲课内容录下来挂到了网上。

Four years ago,The United States appeared a little-known called"Khan college"Education institutions of,The agency is made by a MIT graduate Bangladesh African americans were established.He lives in Boston,Was to"Fry stock"For a living,His cousin lived in New Orleans,Want to take an examination of university,Hope him to help you with middle school course.But distance so far how to tutor?He tries to through the remote mode to lecture,Then simply put his lectures recorded hang to online.

　　可汗是个聪明人，他有很多的怪招儿、高招儿来解答问题和对付考试。他的视频授课挂在网上以后被很多人看到，大家觉得非常好，就把它当成免费家教，很多人给他写信。可汗备受鼓舞，就开始制作更多的视频，吸引来更多的人。最后，他干脆放弃了金融分析师职位，自己成立了可汗学院。

Khan a smart man,He has a lot of strange up/High up to solve problems and deal with the exam.His video teaching hanging on after online by many people see,We feel very good,Use it as a free tutoring,Many people write to him.Khan encouraged,Began to make more video,To attract more people.finally,He simply gave up the financial analyst position,His established khan college.

　　到目前为止，可汗学院已经开设了3000多门课，专门成立了公司。他在斯坦福大学附近找了很多学生跟他在一起经营。更有意思的是，他不仅把这些课挂到网上，甚至还和美国十几个学校进行合作，开始了一场颠覆式的教育实验。这个实验就称之为“反转式教学”。

So far,Khan college has opened 3000 many lessons,Specially set up a company.He at Stanford university nearby to find a lot of students together with his business.More interesting is,He not only put these lessons on online,Even and the United States ten several schools in cooperation,Started a subversion type education experiment.This experiment is called"Reversal type teaching".

　　他引导了几个教学革命性的变化：

He led a few teaching revolutionary change:

　　第一，教育“游戏化”。把很枯燥的数学、物理、化学变成像玩游戏攻关一样，只要你攻下了这一关，就给你发个“勋章”，他发现凡是发“勋章”的课就会有很多学生来学习。

The first,education"The game change".The very boring mathematical/physical/Chemical become like playing games as research,As long as you attack down the pass,Will give you send a"medal",He found every hair"medal"Class will have a lot of students to learn.

　　第二，因材施教。“落后生为什么落后？小学一年级大家都差不多，为什么到后来会拉开距离？”汤敏分析，中学小学的课本，很多都是一个概念接一个概念，头一个概念没搞清楚，老师又开始讲下一个了。这个没学好，第三个概念又来了，前后搭不上，课程进度就赶不上了。很多学生掉队，就是基础没打牢。

The second,Teach students in accordance with their aptitude."Why are behind born?Primary school grade one almost everyone,Why to distance would later?"ShangMin analysis,Middle school or primary school textbooks,A lot of is a concept to pick up a concept,Head a concept didn't know that,The teacher began to speak the next one.This didn't learn,The third concept again,Missed before and after,Course schedule can catch up with the.Many students left behind,Is fundamental didn't make the firm.

　　而可汗学院创造性地提出了“满十分过关”的学习方式。学完第一个概念后马上测验，学生就像打网络游戏一样，如果达不到百分之百把这个概念搞清楚，就无法进入下一关。因为可以随时上网，不同的学生有不同的课，学习进度可以快点或者慢点。

And khan college creatively put forward"Full very pass"Ways of learning.Learned the first concept immediately after test,Students like to play network games,If can not reach of the one hundred concept clear,Can't enter the next level.Because you can surf the Internet at any time,Different students have different class,Learning progress can quickly or slowly.

　　汤敏认为，在这种学习方式下，学生成绩的好坏是有一个波浪形发展轨迹的。落后生并不会一直落后，他可能只是在某些问题上卡住了，“一旦开窍后他跑得比别人更快”。

ShangMin think,In this kind of study way down,The stand or fall of student achievement is a wave of development track.Life behind will not always lag behind,He may be in some problems stuck on,"Once begin to understand after he ran faster than others".

　　第三，“反转课堂”。传统教学模式是老师讲，学生听，而教育研究者都知道，老师与学生之间、学生跟学生之间的沟通与讨论是最有效的学习。可汗学院颠覆了传统模式，开发了“反转式教学”，将学习流程“反过来”，学生在家里去学习那些游戏一样的短小视频课，然后到学校，上课就是去跟老师和同学讨论。

The third,"Reversal classroom".The traditional teaching mode is a teacher speak,Students listen to,And education researchers all know,Between teachers and students/Students with the communication between students and discussion is the most effective learning.Khan college overturns the traditional mode,developed"Reversal type teaching",Will learn process"In turn",Students at home to learn those who play the game the same short video lesson,And then to the school,The class is to discuss with teachers and students.

　　在“反转式教学”中，老师和学生都是自己学，自主性都被调动起来。教师，尤其是大学教授们，最宝贵的时间多用来回答学生的问题，为学生解惑，而不像传统课堂总是在最后5分钟才给学生提问机会。教学效果当然完全不同！

in"Reversal type teaching"in,Teachers and students are learning,Autonomy are aroused.The teacher,Especially university professors,The most precious time to answer students' questions,For the student to reassure,And unlike traditional classroom is always in the last 5 minutes to give the students chance to ask questions.The teaching effect of course completely different!

斯坦福大学的新教育实验 Stanford university new education experiment

让麻省理工和哈佛坐不住了 Let MIT and harvard to sit still

　　据汤敏介绍，斯坦福大学的两位教授(其中一位是华裔教授，姓黄)也成立了一个新教育公司叫COURSERA，从去年开始进行实验。

According to ShangMin introduced,Two professors at Stanford university(One of them was professor of Chinese,Name is yellow)Also set up a new education company called COURSERA,From last year experiment.

　　黄教授在斯坦福大学很受学生欢迎。以前他的课能吸引400名学生，已经是很大的课堂了。但他不满足于此，把自己的课挂到网上，结果他的学生从400人一下子就变成了10万人。如果用原先的方式教学，他要花250年时间才能教出10万名学生，现在他只用半年时间就全教了。

Yellow professor at Stanford university is very popular with the students.Before his class to attract 400 students,Is already a lot of the classroom.But he is not content with this,His class on online,The results of his students from 400 people suddenly became 100000 people.If you use the original teaching mode,He will take 250 years time to teach out of 100000 students,Now he only half a year time is all taught.

　　COURSERA的教学模式，也很有创意。第一是每个新概念学完，马上就要随堂测验，就像满十分过关一样。第二是线上提问。他们组织了网络社区，学生有任何问题都可以挂到网上，这种维基式的问答，并不需要老师每个题都亲自回复，因为有十万个学生在同时选这门课，所以会有很多同学很快回答。

COURSERA teaching mode,Is also very creative.The first is each new concepts learned,In-class test soon,As full as very pass.The second is online questions.They have organized network community,Students have any questions can hang online,This wiki type of question and answer,Does not need the teacher for each one reply personally,Because there are students at the same time taking the course,So there will be many students answer soon.

　　黄教授还作了一个创新，他把问得最好的问题和最精彩的解答都在网页上置顶，自动进行排名。根据他们的统计，在任何一个时间，任何一个问题，都可以在平均22分钟之内得到答案，因为这十万人分布在全世界，美国的、俄罗斯的、印度的都在这上面学习和讨论，24小时滚动。学生可以不断地提出和解答问题。

Mister hwang also made a innovation,He asked the best and the most wonderful solutions are on the web stickies,Automatic ranking.According to their statistics,At any one time,Any problem,Can in an average of 22 minutes to get an answer,Because this one hundred thousand people around the world distribution,The United States/Russia's/India is in the above study and discussion,24 hour rolling.Students can constantly put forward and answer questions.

　　斯坦福大学正在大力利用这种网络教育新方式，而且还联合16所美国的大学共同推进探索。麻省理工学院和哈佛大学顶不住了，哈佛是教育圈的世界老大，麻省理工的网络公开课也是网络教育的老大。今年5月，他们宣布拿出6000万美元，研制一种新型的网络教育。有人对此抱有巨大期待，认为这是“印刷术发明以来教育的最大革新”。

Stanford university is to use this kind of network education new ways,But also joint 16 American university jointly promote exploration.MIT and Harvard University can't hold out much longer,Harvard is education circle the world,MIT network public class is also network education of the eldest brother.In may this year,They announced the $60 million,Develop a new type of network education.Someone is enormously to look forward to,Think this is"Since the printing was invented the biggest innovation education".

　　“我们可以跟上这场潮流，我们也可以选择继续在我们这种活得不错的教育体系里走下去。”但汤敏认为，中国必须尽快建立起这样的“新型学校”或创新型的教育机构，在全世界范围内遴选最好最新的课程、找最好的老师，把这些老师的经典课程录下来，按照全新的方式重新包装。只有这样，“中国的教育、中国的学生、中国的经济和社会，才不会在第三次工业革命浪潮中落伍”。

"We can keep up with the trend,We can also choose to continue to live in our this good education system go on."But ShangMin think,China must establish such as soon as possible"New school"The education institutions or innovation,In the world scope to select the best new course/To find the best teacher,The teacher's classic course record down,According to the new way to packing.Only in this way,"China's education/Chinese students/China's economy and society,Won't the third industrial revolution wave behind The Times".

中国教师面临新挑战 Chinese teachers are confronted with new challenges

　　面对扑面而来的新教育革命，“我们需要什么样的老师？今后老师的角色是什么呢？”听完汤敏的演讲，《教育信息化十年发展规划》编制专家组组长、华中师范大学校长杨宗凯先生，提出了自己的认识和观点。

In the face of the new education on revolutionary,"We need what kind of teacher?What is the role of the teacher in the future?"After hearing ShangMin speech,[Education informatization ten years development planning]Prepare expert group leader/Central China normal university President Mr. YangZongKai,The author puts forward his own understanding and view.

　　如果一个问题出来，在网络空间22分钟就有人回答了，那么教师的角色必然发生很大的转变。什么是新教师？“教师更是活动的组织者，更是学习的引导者，更是资源的开发者，而且本身他就是学习者，终身学习者。”

If a problem out,In the network space 22 minutes someone answered,So teachers' role is inevitable a lot of change.What is the new teacher?"The teacher is the organizers of the event,The guide is also learning,Is resource developers,And he is the learners themselves,Lifelong learners."

　　比尔·盖茨在今年3月曾经谈到，如果老师们拥有合适的资源，他们能做的事是无限的。今后10年，寻找和使用最好的教学内容和技术，就像打开书本一样自然。平板电脑和高速网络将无所不在，“每个学生将会有一个学习地图，帮助他们把课堂内外的兴趣和学习途径图表化。教科书的概念将慢慢消失它将被网上可以轻松获得的最好的讲座和课程材料所取代。”

Bill Gates once talked about in March this year,If teachers have the right resources,They can do is infinite.The next 10 years,Looking for and use the best teaching content and technology,Open your books like as natural.Flat computers and high-speed network will be omnipresent,"Each student will have a learning map,Help them take class inside and outside interests and approaches to learning chart change.The concept of textbook will slowly disappear it will be online can easily get the best lecture course materials and replaced."

　　旅美知名信息管理专家、《大数据》作者涂子沛则在会上指出，在网络化教育大爆发的“微学习时代”，教师行业的竞争力和吸引力并不会真正减弱。在今天的美国，这种新型的混合教育产生了很多新的明星教师，他们因此跻身高收入阶层。

Commenting on cross-strait ties some time ago famous information management experts/[Large data]The author TuZiPei is pointed out at the meeting,In the networked education of the outbreak"Micro learning age",The teacher industry competitiveness and attraction is not really weakened.In the United States today,This new type of mixed education produced many new star teachers,They therefore the high income class.

　　他介绍，美国有一个网站叫Udemy，老师把自己的视频传上去，根据点击率收取报酬。今年5月这家网站宣布，一位教师一年的收入超过了20万美元。而美国教师的平均年收入是四五万美元。另一家做教案交易的网站TeachersPayteachers，收入最高的是一位幼儿园教师，年收入是70万美元。

He introduced,The United States has a web site called Udemy,The teacher put their video pass up,According to the click rate get remuneration.In may this year this website announced,A teacher's income for the year more than $200000.American teachers and the average annual income is us $450 thousand.Another lesson plans to do trade TeachersPayteachers website,The highest income is a kindergarten teacher,Annual income is $700000.

　　无论如何，课堂学习与网络教育相结合的混合学习，已经被实践证明是西方未来教育的方向了。美国教育部最近的研究表明“混合教学”网上学习和课堂学习的结合使学生成绩上涨了14%。中国是要照搬这种学习模式，还是集纳智慧，推出另一种有中国特色的新型学习，成为2012远教大会各方专家探讨的主题之一。(记者 堵力)

No matter how to,Classroom learning and network education combination of blended learning,Has been proved to be the future direction of western education the.The United States department of education recently research shows that"Mixed teaching"Online learning and classroom learning combination makes the student achievement rose 14%.China is to copy this kind of learning pattern,Or market offer wisdom,Launch another has the Chinese characteristic the new learning,As a 2012 far teach congress experts to explore one of the themes of the parties.(Reporter plugging force)