我国小学辍学率有没有大幅度反弹？是否“回到十年前的水平”？近日，21世纪教育研究院就我国农村教育布局调整十年发表了相关研究报告，其中一些数据引起社会关切。11月23日，教育部有关负责人表示，我国小学入学率从2001年99.1%到2011年的99.8%，一直保持着稳定增长状态。

Our primary school dropout rates have greatly rebound?whether"Back to the level of a decade ago"?recently,The 21st century education institute is China's rural education layout adjustment ten years published related research report,Some of the data cause social concern.Nov. 23,,The ministry of education related person in charge said,Our primary school enrollment rate from 99.1% in 2001 to 99.8% in 2011,Always maintained a steady growth state.

电子学籍监控就学 Students learn electronic monitoring

某些机构和学者套用原有辍学率计算方法，得出数据不准确 Some organizations and scholars applying calculation method of original dropout rates,Draw incorrect data

　　 2005年前，教育部依据1991年颁布的《中国教育监测与评价统计指标体系(试行)》以统计公报形式对外发布小学辍学率。教育部相关负责人介绍说，2006年以后，随着义务教育普及程度的提高，小学辍学率一直稳定控制在1%以内，尤其是义务教育经费保障机制的建立，全国义务教育工作重点从普及转向巩固提高，因此教育部不再公布小学年度辍学率。

2005 years ago,According to the ministry of education promulgated in 1991 by the[China's education monitoring and evaluation index system of statistics(trial)]Using the statistical bulletin released to form primary school dropout rates.The relevant person in charge of the ministry of education said,2006 years later,Along with the popularization of compulsory education degree rise,Primary school dropout rates have been stability control within 1%,Especially compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism,The national compulsory education work focus from popularity to consolidate improve,Therefore the ministry of education no longer elementary school dropout rates published year.

　　 近年来，由于我国义务教育学生在城镇化建设加快的背景下流动性不断增强，流动规模也逐年增大，因此学生个体的流动情况难以及时掌握。2006年以前使用的辍学率计算方法没有考虑到学生大规模流动因素，因此国家层面上的统计已经不再使用这种计算方法，正转向通过建立电子学籍系统等方式加强对学生就学情况的监控。这位负责人认为，某些机构和学者虽然就我国小学阶段辍学率问题进行了研究，但是由于他们不掌握义务教育整体情况，依然套用原有辍学率计算方法，因此不能客观真实反映各地学生的流失情况，得出的全国辍学率数据也不准确。

In recent years,Because our country compulsory education students in urbanization speeding up construction under the background of increasing liquidity,Flow scale also has been increasing year by year,So the student individual flow situation difficult to master in time.2006 years ago the dropout rates used calculation method doesn't take into account the student mass flow factors,So the national level statistics has no longer use this kind of calculation method,Through the establishment of school is to electronic system, and so on ways to strengthen school students of monitoring.The officials think,Some organizations and scholars although is our primary school dropout rates stage is discussed,But because they do not have the obligation education overall situation,Still applying calculation method of original dropout rates,So can't reflect the objective truth of the students all across the drain,Concluded the data dropout rates is not accurate.

　　 进入新世纪的10多年以来，虽然辍学率随年份会出现一定的波动，但是都没有高于1%的国家控制线，特别是近年来小学五年巩固率一直比较稳定。这位负责人据此强调，“并不存在小学辍学率回到十年前的问题”，但由于我国学生基数较大，辍学问题仍需得到长期关注。

Enter the new century since more than ten years,Although dropout rates with the year will appear a certain fluctuation,But all have no higher than 1% of the state line,Especially in recent years, primary school 巩固率 five years has been more stable.The person in charge according to emphasize,"Does not have primary school dropout rates back to the problem of ten years ago",But because our country students large base,School problems still need to get attention for a long time.

农村3年级以下不寄宿 Rural 3 grade the following not boarding

改进教育教学方法，减轻学生过重课业负担，提高学校吸引力 Improved education teaching methods,To reduce the schoolwork burden overweight,Improve school attraction

　　 有观点认为，农村中小学布局调整是导致学生辍学的主要原因。对此，教育部的这位负责人回应说，对于部分地方因为对农村义务教育学校布局调整和撤并导致学生辍学的情况，国家一直非常关注。教育部分别于2006年、2009年、2010年印发文件，要求各地避免盲目撤并学校。今年国务院办公厅印发了《关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》，要求县级人民政府要制定农村义务教育学校布局专项规划，报国家教育体制改革领导小组备案，在完成备案之前，暂停农村义务教育学校撤并。

With a view,The layout and adjustment of rural primary and secondary school students drop out in the main reason.this,The ministry of education of the person in charge said response,For some place for rural compulsory education school layout adjustment and merging of lead to the situation of students drop out,Country has been very concerned.The ministry of education in 2006 respectively/In 2009,/2010 documents issued by,Requires all should avoid blind school.This year issued by the general office of the state council the[Rural compulsory education on regulating the school layout adjustment opinion],Requirements of the people's government at or above the county level to make rural compulsory education school special planning layout,The state education system reform leading group for the record,In the finish before the record,Suspend rural compulsory education school merging.

　　 这位负责人介绍说，为了进一步规范农村义务教育学校布局调整，拟于近日印发关于贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于规范农村义务教育学校布局调整的意见》的通知，要求各地开展专题部署，从明确保障农村小学1至3年级学生原则上不寄宿，就近走读上学的政策等方面制定具体的实施意见，科学制订布局规划，加强督查和引导，把国办要求落到实处，让农村学生能就近接受良好义务教育。

The person in charge said,In order to further regulate rural compulsory education school layout adjustment,Recently issued by about implementation[The general office of the state council on regulating the rural compulsory education school layout adjustment opinion]notice,All requirements to carry out special deployment,From clear guarantee rural primary school 1 to 3 grade students in principle not boarding,Nearby day school policy, formulate specific aspects of the implementation opinions,Science develop layout,To strengthen the supervision and guidance,The map requirements into effect,Let the countryside student can came near to accept the good education obligations.

　　 同时将加快电子学籍管理系统建设。尽快建立国家教育信息化平台与省级教育部门对接的电子学籍管理系统，构建以居住地学龄人口为基准的义务教育管理和公共服务机制，加强对学生动向的监管，及时准确掌握学生就学与流动情况。将不断完善学生资助体系。落实好家庭经济困难学生生活补助，指导有条件的地方适当提高补助标准。继续实施好农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，给予家庭经济困难学生和农村留守儿童更多的关爱和帮扶。根据青少年的身心发展规律，不断改进教育教学方法，减轻学生过重课业负担，提高课堂效率和学校教育吸引力。密切家校联系，发现学生未到学校，第一时间与家长沟通，避免发生意外事故。

At the same time will speed up electronic student status management system construction.As soon as possible the establishment of a national education information platform and the provincial education department butt electronic student status management system,To construct the residence school-age population for reference obligation education management and public service mechanism,To strengthen the supervision of the trend of students,Timely and accurate grasp students learn and flow situation.Will continue to perfect the student financial assistance system.Implement good family economic difficulties students living subsidies,Guidance conditional place increasing subsidy standard.Continue to implement good rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan,Give family economic difficulties students and rural left-behind children more caring and supporting.According to the law of development of teenager's body and mind,Continuously improve the education teaching methods,To reduce the schoolwork burden overweight,To improve the class efficiency and school education attraction.Close contact home school,Found that students not to go to school,The first time and parents communication,Avoid accidents.

【延伸阅读】 [readings]

　　 进入本世纪以来，国家出台了一系列政策措施，保障农村适龄儿童少年接受义务教育的权利。

In this century,The country has issued a series of policies and measures,Guarantee rural school-age children or adolescents receive the compulsory education rights.

　　 一是实施了农村寄宿制学校建设工程、农村中小学现代远程教育工程、农村中小学危房改造工程、中小学校舍安全工程、农村义务教育薄弱学校改造计划等一系列重大工程项目，不断改善中西部地区农村学校的办学条件。

One is the implementation of the rural residential school construction project/The rural elementary and middle schools modern distance education project/The rural middle and primary school dilapidated building reconstruction project/Primary and secondary school building safety engineering/Rural compulsory education weak school reconstruction plan and a series of major engineering project,Constantly improve the Midwest rural school running conditions.

　　 二是从2006年开始实施义务教育经费保障机制改革，率先全面免除农村义务教育阶段学生学杂费，免费提供教科书并对家庭经济困难的寄宿学生提供生活补助。从2008年开始，这一政策推广到全国城乡所有地区，有力地保障了适龄儿童平等的受教育权利。

Two began in 2006 implementation of compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism reform,Take the lead in comprehensive rural compulsory education stage from student tuition and fees,Provide free textbooks and the family economic difficult boarding students with living subsidies.Begin from 2008,The policy extended to all the national urban and rural areas,Forcefully secures the school-age children equal rights by education.

　　 三是普遍建立了学生资助体系，为家庭经济困难学生提供生活补助并不断提高补助标准。2011年秋季学期起，国家启动了农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，在集中连片特殊困难地区开展试点，按照每生每天3元的标准为约2600万在校生提供营养膳食补助。（记者 赵婀娜 张 烁）

Three is a common student financial assistance system is established,For family economic difficulties students with living subsidies and constantly improve the subsidy standard.The 2011 fall semester up,Countries launched the rural compulsory education students nutrition improvement plan,In concentrated special difficult areas pilot,Born in accordance with each every three yuan standards for about 26 million students provide nutrition meal allowance.(Reporter zhao graceful performance of zhang)