浅析毕节市农村中小学教育教学质量下滑的原因及对策

Bijie city, the authors of rural primary and secondary school education teaching quality declining causes and countermeasures

　　朱祥福

ZhuXiangFu

　　一、基本情况

a/Basic situation

　　自 “普九”以来，毕节市农村小学升初中取消了升学考试后，不论小学毕业生考了200分或0分，都将全部升入初中就读。这是取消应试教育，实施素质教育的基本要求；是教育发展的必然趋势和社会进步的表现。然而，纵观近年来毕节市农村学生的在校表现和中考成绩，却发现学生素质一直呈现下滑趋势。虽然投入巨资改善了办学条件和教学设施，虽然政府、学校高度重视并加强了以各种新课改理念为主的中小学教师继续教育培训，虽然大中专优秀毕业生正源源不断地输入农村中小学给农村中小学师资注入了新鲜血液，虽然一线教师刻苦钻研新课改理念和新教材教法学法，但却仍然没有收获教学质量提高的硕果。这种持续了六七年的农村教育质量普遍下滑的现状，已经引起各级政府、教育主管部门、学校教师以及社会有识之士的密切关注和高度重视。

since "Nine year compulsory education"since,Bijie city rural primary school/junior high school was cancelled after the entrance exam,Whether elementary school graduates got 200 points or zero,Will all attend to junior high school.This is cancel to should try education,The basic requirement of implementing quality education;Education is the inevitable trend of the development of and the manifestation of social progress.however,In recent years in bijie city rural students' school performance and tests the result,But found that students' quality has been tends to decline.Although invested heavily to improve the educational condition and teaching facilities,Although the government/The school attaches great importance to and strengthen the with all sorts of new curriculum concept of primary and secondary school teachers is to continue education training,Although college outstanding graduates are constantly input of rural primary and secondary school teachers in rural primary and secondary schools to inject fresh blood,Although a line teacher studies assiduously the concept of new curriculum reform and the new teaching materials and the research method,But there is still no harvest the fruits of teaching quality.This lasted 67 years of rural education quality present situation of general decline,Governments at all levels have been caused/Education departments/School teachers and social insight close attention and high attention.

　　二、存在的问题

two/problems

　　一、社会就业形势的影响。农村人对就业存在一种单一认识，就业就是国家包分配。2000年以前，农村学生只要刻苦努力读好初中，考上中师中专，毕业以后就可以得到一个“铁饭碗”了。身边工作的政府干部和学校教师，基本就是从这条路走过来的。基于这种错误认识，面对如今大学生不分配的就业现实，许多家长学生就产生了一种读书无用的误解。所以，家长不重视学生学习，学生不努力读书，就使得教育质量的提高面临一道无形的难以逾越的认识藩篱作为教育主体的学生缺乏主动，那么作为教育主导的教师怎么主导呢？

a/The influence of social employment situation.Rural people on employment there is a single know,Employment is national bag distribution.2000 years ago,The countryside student as long as the hard work to read good junior high school,For junior college students admitted to technical secondary school,After graduation can get a"Iron rice bowl"the.Office of the government cadres and teachers,Basic is from the road came.Based on this kind of mistake understanding,In the face of nowadays college students do not distribution of employment reality,Many parents students creating a reading useless misunderstanding.so,Parents do not attach importance to students' learning,Students don't study hard,Makes the improvement of the quality of education facing an invisible insurmountable barriers as the understanding of education subject students lack of initiative,Then, as a leading education teachers how to leading?

　　二、“两基”“普实”繁重的业务资料增加了学校教师的工作负担，严重分散了学校教师的教学时间和精力。为了迎接检查，必须做好各种各样的业务资料：如文化普查，文化统计，文化户口册，各岁段学生名册，还有其他许多并不直接与教学质量挂钩的各种资料—并且这些资料一直处于滚动之中。这些，无疑加重了教师的工作负担，给教学质量的提高造成了一些负面影响。

two/"Two base""PuShi"Heavy traffic data increase the school teachers' workload,Serious disperse the school teachers' teaching time and energy.In order to meet the inspection,Must do all kinds of business data:Such as cultural census,Culture statistics,Culture account book,The old section student list,There are many other does not directly with the teaching quality of the hook all sorts of data - and these data have been rolling in.these,No doubt increase the burden of a teacher's work,To the improvement of teaching quality caused some negative effect.

　　三、留守儿童问题多多。留守儿童的学习监督和辅导几近于零。他们大多由爷爷奶奶、外公外婆监护，这些留守儿童的监护人大多未接受过学校教育，是文盲或半文盲。因此对留守儿童学习的监督和辅导就是一片空白。而且，缺乏良好的家庭教育，使得留守儿童的心理和习惯极不健康。缺乏父爱母爱的阳光，给留守儿童的心灵蒙上一层阴影；溺爱和纵容，隔代教育缺乏交流和沟通，导致许多留守儿童固执任性，自卑孤僻，郁郁寡欢。又由于自控能力较差，往往沾染上一些社会恶习：如吸烟喝酒、打架斗殴、逃学上网，甚至偷盗赌博、敲诈勒索（在校园里向小同学收保护费）。公安机关和学校教师，基于保护未成年人的考虑，又不能采取强制措施；缺乏家庭参与的批评诱导，效果是那样的脆弱。如此种种，给学风教风造成了极大的负面影响，也就导致了教育质量的下滑。

three/Left-behind children many problems.Left-behind children learning supervision and guidance is close to zero.Most of them are from my grandparents/Grandpa and grandma care,The guardian of the left-behind children are not accepted the school education,Is illiterate or semiliterate.Therefore for left-behind children learning of supervision and guidance is a blank.and,The lack of good family education,Makes the left-behind children psychology and habits very healthy.The lack of father mother love sunshine,To the hearts of left-behind children cast a shadow;Spoil and pamper,Every generation education lack of communication and communication,Lead to many left-behind children stubborn willfulness,Inferiority withdrawn,sullen.Also, because little self-control,Often infected with on some social evil:Such as smoking and drinking/fighting/Play truant Internet,Even steal gambling/racketeering(On the campus to small students accept protection fee).The public security organ and school teachers,Based on the consideration of protection of minors,And can't take compulsory measures;The lack of a family to participate in the criticism of the induction,The effect is so fragile.So a variety of,To study teaching caused great negative impact,Have led to education quality decline.

　　四、学校教师本身也存在着一些问题。学校管理中存在的一些不公平现象，重惩罚轻奖赏的管理心态，多劳并不多得—累死与闲死的工作现实等等，都使教师的上进心和积极性受到打击。许多教师评上职称以后，工作不如之前努力和负责；教育理念和教学模式的转变，教师接受和运用也须时日；为了避免背上体罚学生和加重学生课业负担的“黑锅”，许多教师对学生是听之任之，消极管理，学与不学、学多学少悉听尊便；还有农村教师的年龄日趋老化，知识结构已不适应于教育发展，这些，无疑制约了教育质量的提高。

four/School teacher itself has some problems.In the management of school there are some unfair phenomenon,Heavy punishment light reward management mentality,Much work is not much - dead tired and idle die work reality, etc,All teachers ambition and enthusiasm hit.Many teachers on title later,Before work as hard work and is responsible for;Education concept and teaching model transformation,Teachers accept and use has to be time;In order to avoid back the corporal punishment student and aggravating the student schoolwork burden"blame",Many teachers to students is laissez faire,Passive management,Learning and not learn/Learn to learn more less as you wish;And the age of the rural teachers increasingly aging,The knowledge structure has not adapted to the education development,these,No doubt restrict the improvement of education quality.

　　三、几点建议

three/Some Suggestions

　　1、社会要理解和支持学校教师的工作。对当前的教育教学现状无动于衷是错误的，但一味抨击怪罪学校教师也是不对的。当前的教育教学质量下滑，是传统教育模式向新课改理念转换的阵痛，是应试教育向素质教育转变的接榫处的空隙，是教育教学设施和办学条件建设改善下的一种暂时破坏，是“普九”以来各种“软件”迎检资料对正常教学秩序的必然冲击。由此可见这种下滑持续的时间不会很长。社会应该对这种现状进行理性分析和认识，帮助教育主管单位和学校采取措施积极应对，对学校教师的工作给予理解和支持，避免下滑时间持续过长导致地方教育难以还魂和存在“断层”。

1/Society to understand and support the work of school teachers.On the current teaching situation of education indifferent is wrong,But blindly attacked blame school teacher is wrong.The current education teaching quality decline,Is the traditional education mode to the new curriculum idea transformation of labor,Is the exam education to quality education change the gap at the tenon,Is the education teaching facilities and the construction of school running conditions to improve a temporary failure,is"Nine year compulsory education"Since all kinds of"software"YingJian data for normal teaching order inevitable impact.Thus it can be seen the glide continuous time is not long.Society should to the current situation of rational analysis and understanding,Help education authorities and schools to take active measures,To school teacher's job will give understanding and support,Avoid down time for too long lead to local education to resurrection and existence"fault".

　　2、家长应该彻底改变传统单一的就业观念和加强对孩子的监管教育。经济发展的多元化必将出现就业模式的多元化。随着我国市场经济的发展和加入WTO融入国际社会的影响，国家统一分配，已经不是就业主轴。自主择业，自主创业，是就业的必然趋势。何况引进竞争机制，竞聘上岗，打破所谓“铁饭碗”，也是势在必然。因此，家长应该教育孩子学好基础知识，学习一技之长，以求将来能在社会上立足和发展。再者，家长打工挣钱，为孩子的学习和生活创造一个良好的条件，这本无可厚非。但是忽略了孩子的身体健康和心理健康，让孩子在一个缺乏父母关爱的状况之下成长，恐怕得不偿失毕竟影响的是一代人。那么，把留守儿童安排给监管能力和教育能力强的亲属亲戚，并且经常电话询问孩子的学习和生活，经常打电话和老师沟通了解孩子的思想状况，学习状况，心理状况，这些，是打工父母完全能够做得到的。这样，留守儿童存在的诸多教育问题或许能够得到一些解决。

2/Parents should completely change the traditional single employment concept and to strengthen the supervision of the children education.The diversification of economic development will appear the diversification of employment pattern.With the development of market economy in China and the accession to the WTO into international influence,National unity distribution,Is not the employment spindle.Independent careers,Independent business,Is the inevitable trend of employment.How much more will introduce competition mechanism,Competition mount guard,Break the so-called"Iron rice bowl",Is ShiZaiBiRan.therefore,Parents should education children learn the basic knowledge,Learning skill,In order to future in society based on and development.moreover,Parents to work to make money,For your child's learning and life create a good condition,This I.But ignore the child's health and mental health,Let the child in a lack of parents care under the condition of growth,I'm afraid the loss outweights the gain after all affect is the generation.so,The left-behind children to arrange the supervisory ability and education ability strong family relatives,And often call ask your child's learning and life,Often make a phone call and the teacher communication understand children state of mind,Learning situation,Psychological status,these,Work is parents can completely do it.this,There are many left-behind children education problem may be able to get some solution.

　　3、学校教师应深刻认识到自身责任的重要和搞好教育教学工作的艰巨，恪尽职守，兢兢业业，千方百计地力求提高教育质量和教学成绩。剔除管理中的官僚主义作风和不公平因素，依托教师，减轻教师教学之外的工作负担（如很多资料可放在假期来完成或由几个教师来包干完成），充分调动教师的积极性和主动性，打造一个“赶学帮超”的教学平台，建设一个昂扬向上的教风学风，这些是学校完全能够做得到的该市田坝镇中学不就是做到了这些，因而中考成绩连续几年位居农村中学榜首的吗？还要树立自身乐教勤教的社会形象，加强同家长的沟通和联系，多倾听各方面的意见和建议，争取社会各界的理解和支持，以此共同提高教育教学质量。具化到每个教师身上，责任意识至关重要，责任心强了，就会主动学习，主动探究，主动转变教学观念和育人模式；就会尽力提高教学成绩，提高育人质量；就会想尽各种办法解决好留守儿童以及安全教育等新问题。（贵州政协报）

3/Teachers should be home to their own responsibility and improving the important education teaching work hard,Faithful to their duties,conscientiously,Leave no stone unturned to strive to improve education quality and teaching results.Eliminate management of bureaucratic style of work and unfair factors,Relying on the teacher,Reduce teachers' teaching work outside of the burden(If a lot of material can be put in the holiday to complete or by several teachers to local finish),Give full play to the teachers' enthusiasm and initiative,Make a"Cast study help super"Teaching platform,Building an uplifting of the teaching style of study,This is the school can completely do get the city field BaZhen middle school is not done these,For several years and tests the result in the rural middle schools?To set up their own music education often teach social image,Strengthen the communication with parents and contact,Much to listen to the opinions and Suggestions,For the social from all walks of life to understand and support,To improve together education teaching quality.A change to each teacher body,Sense of responsibility is very important,The sense of responsibility is strong,Will be active learning,Active inquiry,Active change the view of teaching and education mode;Will try our best to improve the teaching result,Improve education quality;Will seem to solve left-behind children and safety education and other new problems.(Guizhou political consultative conference report)