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　　暗箱操作的流程，避重就轻的内容，报喜不报忧的态度，曾让39所高校去年发布的本科教学质量报告，遭遇“质量报告没质量”的指责。近日，复旦大学、华中师范大学等高校的2011年度本科教学质量报告再次出炉。从各校自行理解操作，到教育部设置“硬杠杠”，此次本科教学质量报告的“质量”备受关注。新旧两版质量报告，是“旧貌换新颜”还是“换汤不换药”？面对“形式主义”“没有权威”的质疑，各高校又该如何自处？

Black case work process,The content of the beg the question,The attitude of the bad news,Once let 39 universities last year of undergraduate teaching quality report,encounter"Quality report no quality"blame.recently,Fudan university/Central China normal university and other universities of 2011 year undergraduate teaching quality report released again.From the schools to understand the operation,To the ministry of education set"Hard underlined",The undergraduate teaching quality report"quality"concern.New and old two edition quality report,is"Old appearance changed new colour"or"Mutton dressed as lamb"?In the face of"formalism""No authority"questions,Various universities and how to self place?

　　严规 YanGui

　　教育部明确25项支撑数据，有24项“规定动作”，其中22项必须公布

The ministry of education clearly and term support data,There are 24 items"compulsory",One 22 item must be published

　　高校并非头一遭公布本科教学质量报告。去年，全国39所大学就发布了2010年度本科教学质量报告。

University is not the first published in undergraduate teaching quality report.Last year,The national and university is released 2010 annual undergraduate teaching quality report.

　　“去年，教育部并未规定报告的内容和标准，各高校都是根据自己的理解来操作。”华中师范大学教务处副处长贺占魁说。由于官方“不设限”，去年的报告整体上“报喜不报忧”。各高校都偏重于自家优势，多在强调给本科生上课的教授数量、外籍教师所占比例、新启动的实验班……

"Last year,The ministry of education is not stipulated the content of the report and standard,Various universities according to their understanding to operate."Central China normal university, deputy director of the office of chief said he.As the"Don't limit",Last year's report on the whole"Bad news".Universities are focus on their own advantage,In more emphasize to undergraduate class professor quantity/The proportion of foreign teachers/New start classes……

　　“只拿绝活”显然不足以反映全貌。今年8月13日，教育部高等教育司发布了118号文《关于继续试点部分高等学校编制发布〈本科教学质量报告〉的通知》，明确了25项支撑数据，前24项非常明确，包括生师比、生均图书、应届本科生就业率等内容，第二十五项则为“其他与本科教学质量相关数据”。

"Only take only"Obviously not enough to reflect the panorama.August 13,,Ministry of education of JiaoYuSi released 118 sign language[To continue to pilot part of higher school establishment issued < undergraduate teaching quality report > notice],Clear the 25 studies support data,Before 24 item is very clear,Including student/teacher ratio/Them books/Graduating undergraduate employment rate, etc,A 25 is"The quality of undergraduate teaching and other related data".

　　“24个规定数据中，22个是必须公布的，如课程数、选修课数、课堂大小等。还有很多数据作为教学质量的支撑材料也须公布，如办学条件、经费等。”贺占魁说，“有的要求相当细，过去一般都是公布‘教授、博导给本科生上课’，现在则是公布‘教授、博导给大一学生上课’。”在他看来，此次本科教学质量报告“留给高校自由发挥的空间不大。”

"24 provisions in the data,22 is must be published,Such as the number of course/Elective course number/Class size, etc.There are a lot of data as the quality of teaching support material has to be released,Such as the conditions for running the/Funds and."Of chief said he,"Some require quite fine,The past is usually released‘professor/Tutors to undergraduate class’,Is now released‘professor/Doctoral students to a freshman class’."In his view,The undergraduate teaching quality report"For the free play of the space is not large."

　　统一的数据使各高校本科教学实力在报告中一目了然，对比十分方便。“高考生填报志愿、社会了解学校有了统一的标准和依据。”武汉大学讲师葛建廷说，“学校的教学投入、本科生规模也有了拿出来对比的基础。”

Unified data make each college undergraduate course teaching strength in the report be clear at a glance,Contrast is very convenient."The high fill volunteer/Community understand the school has a unified standard and basis."Wuhan university lecturer GeJianTing said,"The school input in education/Undergraduate scale also had out the basis of the contrast."

　　落实 implement

　　缺乏本科生反馈，内容被简化，部分高校依然“避重就轻”

Lack of undergraduate student feedback,Content is simplified,Some colleges and universities still"Beg the question"

　　高校对此次教育部提出的要求不可谓不重视，多数高校召开了专门的办公会进行部署。而报告的初稿也须经讨论、修改、通过后才会发布。

Universities in the ministry of education puts forward requirements not is not pay attention to,Most university held a special club deployment.And the first draft of the report is also subject to discussion/modification/Through the will only release.

　　但在实际操作中，由于校情复杂，各高校面临的调研难度也不尽相同。以华中师范大学为例，该校建设了教学基本状态数据库，在办学条件、学生数量、生均本科实习经费等数据采集上相对容易，只需将现有数据库的内容进行整合即可。相比之下，一些院校的数据统计则“难度升级”，往往要通过大量的问卷调查、统计表才能完成，工作量很大。

But in practice,Due to the complicated feeling,Various universities face the difficulty of the research is endless also and same.Huazhong normal university as an example,The construction of the school teaching basic state database,In the school running conditions/Student Numbers/All undergraduate practice funds and data acquisition relatively easy,Just put the existing database content can be integrated.Compared with,Some colleges and universities are the statistics"Difficulty upgrade",Often through a lot of questionnaire survey/Returns to complete,Working a lot.

　　在此情况下，教育部的严规便有可能被“注水”。据了解，虽然报告主体是本科生的教育质量，但本科生的参与度并不高。记者在中国地质大学（武汉）随机采访了两名本科生，她们均表示不知道学校已经发布了本科教学质量报告，也没有见过报告的征求意见稿。据悉，这样的情况在不少高校都存在。

In this case,The ministry of education YanGui there may be"injection".It is understood,Although the report was the subject of undergraduate education quality,But the undergraduate's participation is not high.Reporter in China university of geosciences(wuhan)Random interviews with two undergraduate,They all say they don't know the school has issued undergraduate teaching quality report,Also have not seen the report draft.It is reported,This situation in many universities in.

　　某高校的一位教务负责人则坦言，支撑数据的第二十三、二十四项“学生学习满意度”和“用人单位对毕业生满意度”分别需要学生、用人单位的参与，但是数据内容采集过程比较麻烦，需要设计问卷等，加之又不是要求必须公布的部分，所以很多高校简化了此部分的内容。

A university educational administration of a head is said,Support data of 23/24 items"Students' learning satisfaction"and"Unit of choose and employ persons to graduate degree of satisfaction"Need students respectively/Unit of choose and employ persons to participate in,But the data content acquisition process more troublesome,Need to design the questionnaire, etc,And is not part of the request must be released,So a lot of the simplified the content of this part.

　　一份本科教学质量报告，却缺乏目标主体学生的参与和反馈。这样编撰出的教育质量报告，究竟能不能如实反映本科教学的实际水平？

A undergraduate teaching quality report,But the lack of target subject students' participation and feedback.This compilation of the education quality report,Can after all be truthfully reflect the actual level of undergraduate course teaching?

　　面对“形式主义”和“没有权威”的质疑，贺占魁解释说，教育质量报告出炉前其实是有一定数量的本科生参与的。“我们学校在报告形成过程中，会有一部分的本科生参与问卷设计、问卷调查，报告形成初稿后也会请本科生提意见，只是学生数量没有那么多，小范围而已。”

In the face of"formalism"and"No authority"questions,He accounted for chief explained,Education quality report before is actually a number of undergraduate student participation."Our school is in the formation process of the report,There will be a part of the undergraduates' participation in questionnaire design/Questionnaire survey,After the first draft of the report form will please advise undergraduate students,Just a student number do not have so much,Only a small area."

　　而武汉大学一位教学负责人则表示，质量报告的真实性还是可以保证的。“学校的各个职能部门很多都知道真实情况，一旦数据作假，很快就会有人反映出来。况且，教育部也有对于作假的警告和惩罚措施。”不过，他也承认，有的学校对做得不理想的部分可能不会在报告中重点强调。

And wuhan university in a teaching means,The authenticity of the quality report or can be guaranteed."The school each functional department many know the truth,Once a false data,There'll be soon reflected.besides,The ministry of education also have to bear false warnings and punishment."but,He also admitted that,Some schools to do not ideal part of the report may not emphasized.

　　对策 countermeasures

　　质量评估不能暗箱操作，应引入第三方机构评价，形成多元反馈 Quality evaluation can't black case work,Should the third party institution evaluation,Form multiple feedback

　　在中国教育科学研究院教育政策研究中心主任吴霓看来，各高校目前在教学质量评估方面存在一些问题是正常的，“毕竟还在初期尝试阶段”。他认为，在统一的评估标准之下，也应该给各高校保持一些合理的自主空间，以适应不同高校存在的不同问题。

In the Chinese education science research institute education policy research center director wu neon looks,Each college at present in the teaching quality evaluation, there are some problems is normal,"After all, still in the initial stage of try".He thinks,Under the unified evaluation criteria,Should also give various universities maintain some reasonable independent space,To adapt to the universities in different different problems.

　　在这一方面，香港高校作了很好的示范。据介绍，香港各高校均设有定期的课程检讨机制，以反思课程的实际学习效果是否符合学生学习需要，检讨内容包括学习效果、学习活动、各科目内容及评核等。以香港中文大学的“课程发展及检讨综合架构”为例，老师、学生以及毕业生均会获邀参加检讨过程，而检讨报告也会呈交校外专家委员会进行审视并作出建议。高校的学系会根据建议采取适当行动，持续改进，以达到理想的教学效果。

In this respect,Hong Kong university made a very good demonstration.According to introducing,Hong Kong universities have regular course review mechanism,To reflect the actual course learning effect whether accord with students' learning needs,Review the content including learning effect/Learning activities/The course content and assessment, etc.In the Chinese university of Hong Kong"Curriculum development and review the integrated framework"As an example,The teacher/Students and graduates are will be invited to review process,And review report also will be submitted to outside experts committee to examine and make Suggestions.According to the department of universities will be suggested to take appropriate action,Continuous improvement,In order to achieve the ideal teaching effects.

　　尤其值得借鉴的是，香港高校的这种评价机制完全根据学校自身的特点来制定，而且上级部门对于高校的质素核证也是根据该校自己提交的“综合架构”来展开。

It is particularly worth reference is,Hong Kong university this evaluation mechanism completely according to the school to make its own characteristics,And the superior department for the quality of the certified according to the school is also presented themselves"Integrated framework"To spread.

　　相形之下，内地高校在本科教学评估的科学性和灵活性方面，存在明显差距。吴霓认为，各高校制定教学质量报告时，流程要科学、内容要全面、反馈要及时。“以教师评估为例，可以让学生、同行、评估专家对教师教学进行评估，综合几方面意见后再反馈给评估方，然后请被评估教师答辩，最后向全校乃至社会公开，最终形成报告。”

compared,The mainland undergraduate teaching assessment in colleges and universities of science and flexibility,Obvious gap.Wu neon think,For each college teaching quality report,Process to science/Content must be comprehensive/Feedback in time."With the teacher evaluation as an example,Can let students/counterparts/Evaluation experts to teachers' teaching evaluation,A comprehensive advice and feedback to evaluate party,Then please be evaluated teacher defense,Finally to the school and social public,Eventually form the report."

　　据华中师范大学方面表示，对于报告反映出的问题，教育部会派出小组对每个学校做专门调研，拿出相关意见。学校会依意见出台专门的措施。有专家建议，除此之外，本科教学质量报告还应有针对性地向业内人士和第三方评估机构公开，接受审读，形成多元反馈。

According to central China normal university said,For the report reflects the problem,Education would be sent to every school team to do special research,Out opinions.The school will be in accordance with the opinions issued special measures.Experts suggest,In addition,Undergraduate teaching quality report shall also have the pointed to the personage inside course of study and the third party appraisal institution open,Accept the promotion of,Form multiple feedback.

　　“学校办得好不好，要看硬功夫。尤其是教学质量，事关学校未来发展大计。出台本科教学质量报告，要增强透明性和科学性，不能暗箱操作、弄虚作假。”吴霓说。

"The school to do well,Want to see great proficiency.Especially the teaching quality,Concerning the future development of the school.Report on the quality of undergraduate teaching,To enhance transparency and scientific,Can't black case work/fraud."Wu said neon.