但在教育业内人士看来，教育，尤其高等教育，是一个对投入十分敏感的昂贵行当。教师们固然有不少时间和机会可用于追逐外快，但如果整个环境都在鼓励他们这样做，甚至迫使他们这样做，代价必是学术质量的一路下滑，以及牺牲被教育者的宝贵未来。

But in education the personage inside course of study looks,education,Especially higher education,Is a very sensitive to input the expensive work.Teachers are a lot of time and opportunity can be used to chase a little extra cash,But if the whole environment are encouraging them to do so,Even forced them to do so,The price is the academic quality of all the way down,And sacrifice is the value of educators in the future.

一场关于逃离科研的大讨论 A research about the escape from the big discussion

　　11月上旬，自然科学界的主流博客圈科学网博客被一粒小小的火种点燃。中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院研究员程代展老师的一篇日志，引起了轩然大波。

In early November,The mainstream of the natural science blogosphere science network blog is a grain of small flame lit.The Chinese academy of sciences institute of mathematics and system science researcher path generation show the teacher's a log,Caused a storm in a teacup.

　　在这篇日志中，程老师惋惜一位他极为看重的爱徒，明明展现出成为优秀科学家的天分，却选择做一名中学教师，并且一意孤行，绝不回头。因为极度的惋惜和挫折感，程老师在日志结尾询问：谁能告诉我，是我错了，还是他错了？

In this article the log,Miss cheng regret a he is extremely important to runner,Clearly show become outstanding scientists talent,But choose to be a middle school teacher,And one,Never look back.Because of the extreme regret and frustration,In the end ask cheng log:Who can tell me,Is I was wrong,Or he was wrong?

　　日志发表于11月13日，接近下午4点。仅仅24小时内，来自圈内各个学科、各个年龄层读者的将近500条回帖，就在日志下刷出了十页。13日当晚，北京大学信息科学技术学院教授张海霞和同济大学土木工程学院副教授谢强各写一篇博客，回应程老师的追问。与此同时，原始博文在人人网、BBS等学术圈中人聚集的社区被迅速传播，更多人被激发起来，加入讨论。

Log, published in November 13,Close to 4 PM.Only 24 hours,From the circle each subject/All ages nearly 500 readers a reply,In log brush out ten pages.13 the,Beijing university of science and technology information institute professor ZhangHaiXia and tongji university civil engineering institute, an associate professor at the XieJiang write a blog,Respond to process the teacher's questions.meanwhile,The original bowen in renren/BBS and academic circle middleman gathered community was quickly spread,More people to be motivated,Join the discussion.

　　程老师之问也很快被扩充得更复杂，成为学生与老师激辩“兴趣与奉献”、“高压与自主”等命题的主战场。中科院物理研究所博士吴宝俊15日写出《理想太贵，谈不起》一文，引来众多响应。尽管当事学生出来澄清，自己并非因为生存压力而放弃科研道路，这场逃离科研大讨论的方向，还是从一开始的角度各异，渐渐向着“搞科研的生存困境”这一共识靠拢。

The teacher asked the process quickly extended more complicated,For the students and the teacher excitation debate"Interest and dedication"/"High pressure and independent"And the main battlefield proposition.Chinese academy of sciences institute of physics WuBaoJun 15, Dr. Write[Ideal is too expensive,Doesn't talk about]are,Draws many response.Although the parties to clarify the student comes out,You are not for survival pressure and give up the road of scientific research,The research from the direction of the discussion,Or from the beginning of the different Angle,Gradually toward"Make scientific research survival predicament"The close agreement.

　　学生和老师，尽管立场不同也存在认知代沟，却在这一点上达成了一致：科研的待遇、社会资源和地位相对低下，已使得它对青年人才的吸引力大为减弱。一些本不严重的因素，也可能让前期已投入了大量教育成本的人才，选择离开这个行当。

Students and teachers,Although there are also different standpoints cognitive generation gap,But at this point reached an agreement:Research treatment/Social resources and low relative position,Has made it to the young talent attraction greatly abate.Some of the factors is not serious,It may make early has put in a great deal of education cost talent,Choose to leave this work.

市场化改革让教师愁于生计 Marketization reform to make teachers sorrow in livelihood

　　待遇低，其实并非中国独有的问题。英国高校的教师同样长期收入不足、薪酬增长缓慢，并长期抱怨不满。过去十年中，不少专业的教师数量出现负增长。英国大学雇主协会(Universities and Colleges Employers Association，UCEA)曾进行过一次调查，发现相对于管理人员、技术人员、牧师和体力劳动者，高校学术人员的招聘难度更大。

Low salary,In fact is not China's unique problems.British university teachers also long-term income insufficient/Salary growth,And have long complained that the dissatisfaction.Over the past ten years,A lot of professional teachers quantity appear negative growth.British university employers' association(Universities and Colleges Employers Association,UCEA)Went through a survey,Found that relative to the management personnel/Technical personnel/The priest and manual workers,University academic personnel hiring more difficult.

　　针对调查情形，UCEA向英国高校提出改善建议：广开招聘门路，制订职业规划，设立奖励基金和晋升职位，减少教学负担，增加非货币薪酬，等等。

In view of the investigation situation,UCEA to British universities put forward improvement suggestion:Increase recruitment opportunities,Make career planning,Create an incentive fund and promotion position,Reduce teaching load,Increase the monetary compensation,etc.

　　这些措施中的很多在中国暂时派不上用场。原因在于，中国高校仍处于给教师“增负”而不是“减负”的阶段，面对过度市场化和教学科研质量低下的指责，它们急于通过各种量化指标挽回教师的工作量，也挽回自己的声誉。

Many of these measures in China temporarily won't be used.Reason is that,China is still in the university to the teacher"ZengFu"not"Alleviate the burden on"stage,In the face of excessive marketization and low quality of teaching and scientific research of the accused,They are eager to through the various quantitative indicators save teachers' workload,Also save your reputation.

　　“现在的情况是，学校以绩效指标争抢教师的精力。它们定很高的学术指标，试图抑制教师们的市场化倾向，结果是两方拉力共同撕碎着教师有限的精力，‘应付’成为了高校的常态，最终受损的是我们的学生、我们的国家和我们的未来。这是一种很可怕的‘恶性循环’，必须扭转。”北京工业大学人文社科院教授张荆告诉记者。

"Now the situation is,Schools to performance indicators for teachers' energy.They set a high academic index,Trying to inhibit teachers market tendency,The result is the two sides pull apart the common teachers limited energy,‘Cope with’As the university's normal,Finally the damaged is our students/Our country and our future.This is a very terrible‘Vicious cycle’,Must turn."Beijing university of technology professor humanities academy ZhangJing told reporters.

　　他承接了北京市教委的一个课题，研究高校教师的收入与激励机制。课题报告将高校迄今为止市场化改革的目标总结为两个：激励教师的活力和积极性，减少政府财政对高校的支持。

He has undertaken a task of the Beijing municipal education commission,Research university teachers' income and incentive mechanism.Subject to the report so far marketization reform goal summed up in two:Incentive teacher's vitality and enthusiasm,Reduce the government financial support to the university.

　　但为了实现这两个目标，改革却引发意想不到的副作用：财政对高校教师的直接支持被过分压缩，使得教师，尤其有养家压力的教师，必须另辟财路；而激发积极性的机制效果太好，让教师内部出现剧烈的收入分化，收入位居两端的人更加“无心向学”。

But in order to achieve these two goals,Reform is cause unexpected side effects:Finance in university teachers directly support was too compression,Makes teachers,Especially have a pressure of teachers,Must be another source of income monarch;And stimulate the enthusiasm of the mechanism effect too good,Let teacher an internal severe income differentiation,Income at both ends of the people more"Centerless whose".

　　“感谢此次调查能够有机会反映‘60后’女性对收入的认识。……基本工资收入与现在新就业同单位员工相差无几。在社会整体方面上，与我同龄、同学历、同等职称的人群相比，我的收入水平属于最低。”有教师在问卷中写道。

"Thanks to this investigation can have the opportunity to reflect‘After sixty’Women to the understanding of the income....Basic wage income and now new employment unit staff with little difference.In the aspects of society as a whole,My age and/With degree/The same title than people,My income level belongs to the minimum."The teacher wrote in the questionnaire.

　　另一位参加座谈会的教师则谈起本校一名年轻博士，月收入只有3000元，租不起学校附近的单元房，只好与人合租了一间地下室。学生们问他住在哪里，他吞吞吐吐，说住在一个很远的地方。

Another forum in the teacher is talking about the school a young doctor,Monthly income of only 3000 yuan,Can't afford to rent a flat near the school,Had to who shares a basement.The students asked where he lives,He stumbled over,Said lived in a far away place.

　　此次调查回收了来自北京11所市属院校、7所部属院校的1647份有效问卷。统计显示，教授中收入最高的10%，比最低那10%的年收入多出5倍。而如果只论个体，这个差异将更为极端：教授2010年的年总收入(不含股票、赠与等)最低者只有4.95万元，最高者为79.7万元，是最低者的16倍；讲师中收入最高者可为最低者年收入的26倍，最低者年收入仅2.2万元。

This investigation recovery from the Beijing municipal university and/Seven subordinate colleges 1647 valid questionnaires.Statistics show that,Professor in the top 10% of income,The 10% higher than the minimum annual income of more than 5 times.And if only individual theory,The difference will be more extreme:Professor the 2010 total revenue(Does not contain the stock/Gift, etc)The lowest only 49500 yuan,Expect for 797000 yuan,Is the lowest of 16 times;Lecturer in the highest income for the lowest income in 26 times,The lowest income of just $22000.

　　对在这种境遇下生存的高校教学科研人员而言，挣外快一事既有必要性，又有可行性。即使此时学校的考评指标加码翻倍，也要让位于生存。

In the situation of university to survive in teaching and scientific research personnel,To earn extra money by both the necessity,And feasibility.Even if the school appraisal indicators double pyramid,Also want to make way for survival.

青年教师成为压力最大群体 Young teachers to become the biggest pressure group

　　调查还表明，30.7%的被调查者都以接课题的方式挣外快，为第一大非工资性收入来源。列居第二的则是参加各种课题评审的报酬，占23.9%。21.8%的人选择挣稿费，排名第三。以下依次是投资收入、兼职讲课、其他兼职收入，占比均不到10%。后三项虽然比例很低，但却是拉动教师收入差距的重要因素。

The survey also showed that,30.7% of the respondents with joint project of the ways to make extra money,As the first big not salary income source.Has registered the second is take part in all kinds of project evaluation reward,Accounted for 23.9%.21.8% of people choose to make the payment,Ranked third.The following are as follows: the investment income/Part-time lecture/Other part-time income,Accounts for less than 10% than all.After three although the proportion is very low,But it is pulling the income gap between the teachers is an important factor.

　　通常，挣外快的机会也多属于有一定圈内地位和学术成就的人。读完博士刚进入高校序列的青年人，往往“源”还没开，“流”却节也节不住。科学网上一篇留言说：“中国有句话叫‘成家立业’，这个科研的事业，做到啥时候才能出人头地谁也说不准，但是‘成家’在人生中是有时间限制的。‘百善孝为先’，要考虑国家的科研事业，也要考虑生自己养自己的父母，青年科研者压力大。”

usually,To earn extra money by chance is belong to have certain circle status and academic achievement of the people.Dr Read just entering the sequence of young people,often"source"Haven't open,"flow"But section also not section.Science online a message said:"China has words that‘A fond memory’,This research career,Do what time can come to the front who can't say for sure,but‘Get married’In the life is limited by the time.‘Hundred good filial first’,To take into consideration of the country's scientific research career,Also want to consider life keep their parents,When youth pressure."

　　张荆教授还提及了年轻教师的另一种压力：“高校行政化强势，教学辅助人员不辅教师，专辅行政，新进高校的年轻教师便替代教辅人员，成为实际上的教辅力量，要做大量的杂事。‘在杂事中锻炼，先抬轿子再坐轿子’，这种管理思路问题在于将年轻人科研能力最强、精力最旺盛的‘学术青春期’在杂事中耽搁，甚至影响其未来学术科研潜能的发挥。”

ZhangJing professor also mention the young teacher's another kind of pressure:"The strong security administration,Auxiliary teaching staff don't auxiliary teachers,Designed auxiliary administrative,The new young teachers and alternative teaching staff,Be actually teaching force,To do a lot of errands.‘In the miscellaneous exercise,First TaiJiaoZi sedan chair again’,This management idea problem is that young people will be the strongest scientific research ability/Energy is the most exuberant‘Academic adolescence’In the miscellaneous delay,Even affect future academic research potential play."

　　另一种情形可能更常见。“有行政职务、学术头衔的教授们，不但在学校中享受更高的津贴，而且可以比较轻松地获取各种纵向和横向课题，并从中提成，但他们往往并不自己开展课题研究，而是把课题分解给拿不到课题的年轻人。青年教师辛苦地研究，最终获得的只是很少的报酬，做出的科研成果，无论是论文、还是专利，第一署名权都握在拿到课题的领导和教授手里。”教育学者熊丙奇几年前在一篇博文中写道。

Another situation may be more common."Administrative duties/Academic title professors,Not only in school enjoy higher allowance,And can more easily access to all kinds of longitudinal and transverse subject,And commission from,But they are not always in their research,But the task decomposition to get the issue of young people.Young teachers to study hard,Obtain the final is little pay,To make scientific research achievements,Whether the paper/Or patent,The first right of authorship are held in to the project leadership and professor hand."Education scholars XiongBingJi a few years ago in a bowen wrote.

　　无论哪种情况，都引得青年教师“人在心不在”，或者干脆“连人也不在”。但要把他们留住，仅仅提工资是不够的，还要保住教师的工作积极性，将保护和激励维持在恰当的平衡上，让他们的心真正回到教育和科研上来，让他们的“学术青春期”辉煌灿烂。

No matter what kind of situation,That all young teachers"People in mind not",Or simply"Both of man is not in".But they keep,Just mention salary is not enough,Also keep teachers' work enthusiasm,Will protect and incentive to maintain the balance of the right on,Let their heart really back to education and scientific research up,Let their"Academic adolescence"brilliant.

收入分配仍是解决问题的切入点 Income distribution is still is the solution to the problem of the breakthrough point

　　“现在的绩效指标害死人了，一些学校制定的‘一年三篇论文，其中一篇SCI’、‘三年一本书’等指标，会成为中国教育史上的笑柄，因为它根本不符合科研学术的基本规律。生产思想不像生产产品，它没有模具。思想是要水到渠成的。”张荆说，“要让懂学术的人来管学术，让领域内的学者来预测课题的发展价值和鉴定学术成果，摆脱高校目前的行政数论文数，‘计件式’的低水平管理，还教师一个安宁。有些教师愿意挣钱，没问题，可以让他们去挣，他们学术上肯定不会有太大成就。但还有很多人不愿意这样做，应该给这些人提供一个相对清静的环境，让他们安下心来，不为生活所累地好好做学问。”

"Now the performance indicators to kill people,Some schools for‘A year three papers,Among them a SCI’/‘Three years in a book’Indices such as,In the history of China's education will become the laughing stock,Because it isn't in line with the basic laws of academic research.Production thought not like products,It didn't die.The idea is to follow."ZhangJing said,"Want to let know academic people to tube academic,Let field of scholars to predict the development of project value and academic achievements appraisal,Get rid of the current administrative several papers,‘Piece type’Low level management,Also the teacher a peace.Some teachers would like to earn money,no problem,Can let them to earn,Their academic sure won't have too big achievements.But there are a lot of people do not want to do so,Should give these people provide a relatively quiet environment,Let them get down to,Not for life tired to take a scholar."

　　这种环境的标准是什么？可能并没有一个绝对的标准。张荆带领的课题组认为，在国家财力不足、乏力办学的时期，高校的市场化改革对推动中国高校的迅猛发展功不可没。但在中国已成为世界第二大经济实体的今天，高校必须回归正统，尊重办学的普世价值和规律。他们主张，以公务员水平定教师工资就是一个切实可行的方案，配套措施还应包括提供住房方面的福利，进行学术改革等等。

This kind of environment what is the standard?May not have an absolute standard.ZhangJing lead group think,In the country's financial shortage/The lack of time,The marketization reform to promote the rapid development of Chinese colleges and universities play an important role.But in China has become the world's second largest economy today,Colleges and universities must return to orthodox,Respect the universal values and rules.They believe that,To set the level of civil servants teachers' salary is a feasible scheme,Supporting measures should also include the provision of housing benefits,Academic reform and so on.

　　而调查出“中国高校教师月薪全球最低”的美国芝加哥大学国际高等教育研究中心教授阿特巴赫则认为，合理的收入“最起码应该无需兼职，仅靠学术工作所得就可以让他们在本地区过上中等收入水平的生活”。

And to investigate the"Chinese university teachers' salary global minimum"American university of Chicago international higher education research center professor arter Bach is considered,Reasonable income"Should at least no part-time,Only on academic work income can let them in this area a moderate income level of life".

　　而这一点同样着落在政府头上。“中国政府包括地方政府应该对教育加大投资，这样才能增加教职工的平均收入水平。”阿特巴赫表示。(记者 刘茸)

And this same landing in the head."The Chinese government including local government should increase investment in education,In order to increase the staff's average income level."Arter Bach says.(Reporter liu chopped)