留守学生心理健康教育模式的建立及问题的解决 Staying students mental health education model establishment and problem solving

　　通过这次调查，我们发现部分留守儿童在心理上存在很大的问题，他们的父母很多在外务工多年，与孩子很少有机会进行沟通，不知道孩子心里到底想什么，因此我们应该让父母看到孩子出现的心理问题让他们了解他们不在孩子身边对孩子的心理造成什么样的影响，产生什么样的后果，从而真正了解孩子心理的想法，在他们想通过拼命挣钱，为孩子铺就成才之路的误区中醒来，看看孩子最需要什么。因此对留守儿童的父母进行引导，尽可能使他们与自己的孩子生活在一起，给孩子最贴切的帮助和指导。对孩子来说，父母长期在外打工，而这一时期正是他们价值观初步形成的阶段，在这样的成长环境下有些孩子会变得坚强，但也有些形成了自闭不愿意与他人交流等性格特征。因此学校、家庭应该去培养他们自立自强的性格让他们在困难、挫折面前不退缩。父母不在身边是个考验，学校可以利用这一点培养孩子的生活自立能力，让他们理解父母的苦心。

Through the investigation,We found that part of left-behind children in psychological have very big problem,Their parents a lot of working away from home for many years,And children rarely have the opportunity to communicate,Don't know children really want??????,So we should let parents see their children appear psychological problem let them know their children's side to the child's psychological cause what kind of impact,What effect,To really understand the idea of child psychology,They want to make money in the,For the children a paved the road of wake up misunderstanding,Look at the children need most??????.Therefore for left-behind children parents' guidance,As far as possible so that they and their children live together,Give children the most appropriate help and guidance.In the child,,Parents long-term working outside,But this time it was their values preliminary formation stage,In such a growth environment some children will become strong,But there are also some formed autistic is not willing to communicate with others and character.So the school/The family should go to develop and cultivate their character of self-reliance let them in difficult/Face of a setback not shrink back.Parents is not beside a test,The school can make use of this child's life independence ability,Let them understand parents' painstaking.

　　在我们的调查中了解到，部分打工者曾试图把孩子带到务工地点去上学，但大城市的好学校门槛太高，面向农民工子弟的学校，教学条件还不如家乡的学校。再加上现在国家已经在全国农村实行了义务教育阶段费用全免。大多数人都选择了让孩子在家乡读书。对于这一现象我们认为可从下面几个方面进行解决：第一，降低城市学校门槛让农民工子女享受到和城里孩子平等的上学机会。第二，加大对农民工学校的投资力度，完善软硬件建设，提高教学质量。第三，鼓励社会投资兴建这样的农民工子弟学校，使更多的农民工子女有机会在父母的关怀下学习生活。第四，发展农村寄宿学校，让那些学习和生活得不到保障的留守儿童到寄宿学校读书，给予他们更多的关爱，以弥补他们家庭教育的缺失。

In our investigation to know,Part of the migrant workers have been trying to take the children to go to school work site,But city good school the threshold is too high,The school for children of migrant workers,Teaching conditions than home school.Plus now the country has been in the national rural implemented compulsory education stage is free of charge.Most people are chosen to let children study at home.For this phenomenon we think can from the several aspects to solve:The first,Reduce the threshold city schools for the children of peasant workers enjoy the children go to school in the city, and the equality of opportunity.The second,Strengthen the rural migrant workers school investment,Perfect the construction of hardware and software,Improve teaching quality.The third,Encourage social investment construction of this school of migrant workers,Make more migrant children have a chance in the parents' care study life.The fourth,The development of rural boarding school,Let those who study and life is not guaranteed of left-behind children to boarding school,Give them more love,To make up for their lack of family education.

　　留守儿童问题涉及面广，影响深远与解决同等重要，也是解决农民工后顾之忧，保证他们安心在外务工的爱民措施，因此不能只停留在呼吁层面上，应从教育管理体制，政策法规方面解决。社会、学校、家庭三方面共同努力促进其心理健康发展。

Left-behind children problem involve wide,Profound and resolution are equally important,Also solve migrant workers trouble back at home,To ensure that their workers out of the love of the measures,So not only stay in calling for level,From the education management system,Policy and regulations to solve.social/The school/Family three efforts to improve their mental health development.

　　为此，我们根据以上对留守儿童心理健康问题成因及其分析和对留守儿童心理状况的了解，为了更好地让那些留守儿童们健康快乐地成长，我们提出了建立留守学生心理健康教育的模式。

therefore,We according to the above the left-behind children mental health problems and cause analysis and understanding of the psychological situation of left-behind children,In order to let the left-behind children grow up happily and healthily,We proposed the establishment of left-behind students' mental health education model.

　　（一）家庭篇

(a)Family article

　　1、慎重选择。父母外出打工要三思而后行，多考虑考虑孩子，孩子的前途比金钱重要。如果家庭经济确实困难，可让文化程度稍高的一方留在家中监护子女，一般以母亲为主，母亲心细，有耐心，孩子更愿意与她们交流。父母都外出务工的，如果条件允许，可让其在打工地接受义务教育。

1/Discreet choice.Parents work out to look before you leap,Many consider the child,The child's future important than money.If the family economy really difficult,Can let a little high degree of culture of a party at home care children,General with mother is given priority to,Mother but cautious,Have patience,Children are more willing to communicate with them.Parents are out of work,If the condition allows,Can let the DaGongDe to receive compulsory education.

　　2、定期“温馨对话”。在外打工的父母，一定要及时了解子女的近,一方面利用书信或电话定期与孩子进行进行交流沟通，让孩子感到父母的关爱，家庭的温暖，另一方面向老师和临时监护人即使了解孩子学习生活等个方面的情况。

2/regular"Warm dialogue".Working outside parents,Must be informed of the children's close,On the one hand by letter or phone regularly with children for communication,Let children feel the love of parents,The warmth of family,On the other hand to the teacher and the temporary guardian even understand children learning to live a aspects of the situation.

　　3、寻找“代理”，如果家庭经济确实困难，需要父母双双外出务工而祖父母又没有能力照看孩子的，父母可在亲戚朋友中为孩子寻找“代理妈妈”。“

3/Looking for"agent",If the family economy really difficult,Need both parents and grandparents and migrant workers do not have the ability to look after the children,Parents can in the relatives and friends for their children in looking for"Surrogate mothers"."

　　代理妈妈”既可以辅导孩子学习，又能够培养孩子良好的行为习惯，对孩子进行思想道德教育。

Surrogate mothers"Can children learn guidance,And to cultivate the child good behavior habits,Ideological and moral education for children.

　　（二）学校篇

(two)School article

　　1、实行留守学生的普查登记。各中小学校在新学期学生报道时将父母外出情况和家庭成员情况逐一进行登记，建立“留守儿童”档案。记录“留守儿童”的个人情况和监护人及临时监护人的情况，准确掌握留守儿童的个人信息，为有针对性的开展教育和管理工作奠定基础。

1/The left-behind student's census register.The primary and middle schools in the new semester students report will go out parents and family members in case registration,To establish"Left-behind children"file.record"Left-behind children"Personal situation and the guardian and temporary guardian situation,Accurately mastering left-behind children personal information,For targeted to carry out education and management work lay the foundation.

　　2、充分发挥学校教育主阵地的作用。在中小学校普及实行教职工结对帮扶或学生结对帮扶留守学生制度，建立“留守儿童之家”，使留守儿童体会到家庭的温暖。建立健全教师家访和与留守儿童谈心制度。定期召开帮扶教师、留守儿童、临时监护人座谈会，引导留守儿童健康成长。开设亲情电话，让留守儿童的父母知道校长、班主任等老师的电话，加强学校、家长和孩子之间的联系和交流。

2/Give full play to the role of school education the main positions.In primary and secondary schools to the custom of popularization of teaching and administrative staff to assist the custom or students helping students staying system,To establish"Left-behind children's home",Make left-behind children to experience the warmth of family.Establish and perfect the teacher family visit and left-behind children commune system.Helping teachers at regular intervals/Left-behind children/Temporary guardian symposium,Guide the left-behind children healthy growth.Open family telephone,Let the left-behind children parents know the headmaster/The teacher in charge teacher, such as the telephone,To strengthen the school/Parents and children between contact and communication.

　　3、营造健康向上的校园文化氛围。积极开展形式多样的教育活动，有序的培养学生的文明习惯，组织学生广泛参加社会实践活动，把乡土文化引进课堂，形成有地方特色的校园文化氛围。建立和推行中小学生综合素质评价体系，把评价过程变成教育引导的过程，对学生产生约束力，实现由纪律和自律的转变，为留守儿童营造一个宽松和谐的学习环境。在学校举办的活动中，多把机会留给留守学生，帮助他们走出自闭的心理障碍，帮助他们改正不良的行为习惯，树立正确地人生观和价值观。

3/To create healthy and optimistic campus cultural atmosphere.Actively carry out various forms of education activities,Ordered to train students' culture,Organize the student widely to participate in social practice,The local culture introduction class,Form with the local characteristics of campus culture atmosphere.The establishment and implementation of small and medium-sized students' comprehensive quality evaluation system,The evaluation process into the process of education guide,To be binding on students,To realize the transformation of the discipline and self-discipline,For the left-behind children create a comfortable and harmonious learning environment.In the school in the campaign,Many opportunities for students to stay,Help them away from the closed psychological disorder,Help them correct their bad behavior,To set up the correct outlook on life and values.

　　4、开展心理咨询活动。重视心理健康教育课，建立心理咨询辅导站。特别是班主任要及时发现孩子的心理问题，与由心理障碍的学生进行交流。及时排除他们心理上存在的问题。帮他们养成健康的，积极向上的心态。

4/To carry out psychological consultation activities.To attach importance to mental health educational curricula,Establish the psychological consultation coaching center.Especially the teacher in charge should discover in time the child's psychological problems,And the psychological barrier of students to communicate.Promptly eliminate them the psychological problems.Help them to develop healthy,Positive attitude.

　　5、注重培训。尽可能对临时监护人介绍一些教育孩子的常识，开展一些座谈会，让他们了解孩子，更好的引导和教育孩子。同时，要充分的利用春节外出务工人员返乡的“黄金季节”，召开家长会。

5/Pay attention to training.As far as possible to introduce some temporary guardian education child's common sense,To develop some symposium,Let them know the child,Better guide and education child.At the same time,To make full use of the Spring Festival of the migrant workers"Golden season",Held a parents' meeting.