上面这些画面，是俄罗斯电视台“第一频道”11月25日晚在一档名为“周日时间”的新闻调查节目中播出的一个小片断。

The above picture,Is a Russian television"The first channel"11 in the evening on a name"Time on Sunday"The news program broadcast a small segment of the investigation.

　　电视画面切换到莫斯科市一幢高档写字楼内，三四个儿童正在一个设备还不错的房间里做游戏。画外音说：“这并不是幼儿园，而是莫斯科一家IT公司内部专设的‘儿童游乐室’。这些被称为‘商务孩子’的儿童每天和父母一起来公司上班，父母在公司里忙碌，孩子们就在楼下的房间里等待父母下班……”

TV screen to MoSiKeShi one high grade office building,Three or four children is a device has good play games in the room.Voiceover said:"This is not to the kindergarten,But a Moscow IT set up within the company‘Children's amusement room’.These are known as‘Business children’Children and parents together every day to company work,Parents busy in the company,Children in the downstairs room waiting for parents to work..."

　　俄罗斯电视台“第一频道”的这期新闻调查节目，提出了正在困扰俄罗斯年轻家长的一个老大难问题适龄儿童“上幼儿园难”。节目中所说的近50万名适龄儿童“无幼儿园可上”，也绝非夸大其词，这是俄罗斯教育与科技部长亲口说出的官方统计数据。

Russian television"The first channel"The survey on the news program,Put forward is troubling young Russian parents a long-standing problem of school-age children"The kindergarten is difficult".Program of the nearly 500000 school-age children"Without the kindergarten to go",Also not exaggerating,This is Russia's minister for education and science and technology of official statistics say mouth.

一个入园指标价值数万卢布 An index value of tens of thousands of rupees in the park

　　11月21日，梅德韦杰夫亲自主持会议，讨论如何解决“幼儿园荒”问题。梅德韦杰夫强调，截至2012年9月1日，俄罗斯共有500万名应该上幼儿园的适龄儿童，但有90%的联邦主体依然存在着幼儿园紧缺的问题。他要求俄政府各部门和地方在2016年前彻底解决儿童“入园难”问题。

On November 21,,Dmitry medvedev meeting in person,Discuss how to solve"The kindergarten waste"The problem.Medvedev stressed,By September 1st, 2012,Russia 5 million should be on the school-age children in the kindergarten,But 90% of the federal subject still exists the problem of shortage of the kindergarten.He asked the government departments and local completely solve children around 2016 years ago"It is difficult to in the park"The problem.

　　在这次会议上，俄教育与科技部部长利瓦诺夫给出的统计数据更为精准。他说：“截至2012年11月1日，俄罗斯全国有41.8万名3～7岁的适龄儿童无幼儿园可上。在俄中小城市和农村地区，儿童无幼儿园可上的问题更为突出。”据俄教育与科技部统计，到目前为止，俄罗斯境内81个联邦主体中，只有8个联邦主体的政府妥善解决了适龄儿童的“入园难”问题，剩下的72个联邦主体都不同程度存在着“幼儿园短缺问题”。

At this meeting,Russian education and science and technology minister leva panov given statistical data is more accurate.He said:"By November 1, 2012,Russia national 418000 3 ~ 7 years old of school-age children without the kindergarten to go.In small and medium-sized cities and rural areas,Children without kindergarten can be the problem is more outstanding."According to the Russian education and the ministry of science and technology,So far,,In the 81 federal body within the territory of Russia,Only eight of the main body of the federal government properly solve the school-age children"It is difficult to in the park"The problem,The rest of the 72 federal subject all exist in different degree"Kindergarten shortage problem".

　　在俄罗斯某些网站，上合法幼儿园的名额已成为“紧俏商品”。比如在鄂木斯克市和库班市，一个入园指标价值3万卢布，而在别尔哥罗德州，一个指标高达4万卢布。在一些小城市，根据幼儿园的位置不同，入园指标的价位也不同，城里的幼儿园指标要6万卢布甚至更高，而市郊的幼儿园指标只要1万～1.5万卢布。如果家长不舍得花钱去买这个指标，自己的孩子就只能耐心等待着“排队”的结果。但这种等待是根本不现实的，本文开头所提到的阿尼亚的妈妈就说：“如果按目前这个速度排队，等到阿尼亚能进幼儿园时，她已经到了上小学五年级的年龄了。”

Some website in Russia,The number of legitimate kindergarten has become"Hot product".Such as wood, city and Cuban city in hubei,A in the park index worth 30000 roubles,And don't's regions,An index of 40000 roubles.In a small city,According to the position of the kindergarten,In the park the target price is different also,City kindergarten index to 60000 roubles or even higher,And the outskirts of the kindergarten index as long as 10000 ~ 15000 roubles.If parents are not willing to spend money to buy this indicator,Their children will have to wait"Waiting in line"The results of the.But this kind of waiting is not realistic at all,Mentioned at the beginning of this article, Virginia's mother said:"If the queue at the present rate,O wait for Virginia can enter kindergarten,She has reached the age of the grade five in primary school."

普京曾为解决“入园难”设期限 Mr Putin has to solve"It is difficult to in the park"deadlines

　　一边是苦口婆心号召青年夫妇多生孩子，而另一边是近50万名适龄儿童“无处安放童年”。鲜明的对比，从某个侧面暴露了俄罗斯政府在这个问题上面临的尴尬和无奈。正如俄负责教育工作的副总理戈洛杰茨在11月21日的会议上所说的那样：“出生率增长是件好事儿，但我们要让孩子们接受良好的培养和教育，这个更重要。”

Side is well-meaning called on young couples have children,And on the other side is nearly 500000 school-age children"There was my childhood".contrast,From a certain side exposed the Russian government are faced with the embarrassment and helpless on this issue.As she is responsible for the education work of the deputy prime minister GeLuoJie he said at the meeting on November 21:"The birth rate increase is a good thing,But we want to let the children accept good training and education,The more important."

　　今年2月13日，当时还是俄罗斯总统候选人的普京，亲自在《共青团真理报》上发表了题为《构建公正俄罗斯的社会政策》一文，阐述其总统竞选的社会纲领。在这份竞选纲领中，普京专门谈到俄罗斯适龄儿童上幼儿园难的问题。普京认为：“俄罗斯的教育应该适应新时代的挑战。俄罗斯的普及教育取得了很大成就，但目前仍面临教育质量方面的严重问题。”普京表示：“在教育存在的一系列问题中，未来4年首先要解决的就是入园难的问题。”普京承认，尽管俄罗斯出生率相对较低，但学前教育仍存在形式单一、拨款不足和名额紧张等问题。

On February 13,,At that time or Russia's presidential candidate vladimir putin,Himself in[The communist youth league Pravda newspaper]Published titled[Construction of justice social policies of Russia]A cent,Its presidential campaign of social program.In this platform,Mr Putin specifically talked about Russia the difficulty of school-age children in kindergarten.Mr Putin thinks:"The Russian education should adapt to the challenges of the new era.The popularity of Russian education has made great achievements,But is still faced with serious issues of quality of education."Mr Putin said:"In a series of problems of the education,In 4 years first to solve the difficult problem in the park."Mr Putin admit,Although Russia's birth rate is relatively low,But the existence form of the preschool education is still single/Inadequate appropriations and quota of tension.

　　俄教育与科技部长利瓦诺夫称，民间资金对解决此问题的支持率仅为5%，要解决这一问题，还是要靠政府直接支持和国家拨款。此外，一些地方政府对民办幼儿园采取不管不问不支持的态度，也大大降低了民间资本办幼儿园的积极性。

Russian education and science and technology minister leva panov said,The folk capital to solve the problem of the support is only 5%,To solve this problem,Still want to rely on the government directly supports and state funding.In addition,Some local governments for private kindergarten take whatever don't ask don't support attitude,Also greatly reduces the folk capital to do the enthusiasm of the kindergarten.

“入园难”不仅仅是硬件问题 "It is difficult to in the park"Is not just a hardware problem

　　在11月21日的会议上，梅德韦杰夫要求，俄政府必须在2016年前彻底消除“上幼儿园排队”的现象。为了实现这一目标，俄中央和各地方政府已做了大量细致的工作，并为此专门制定“学前教育发展特别计划”。在这一计划的指导下，俄中央政府2012年和2013年财政年度，每年都向各地方拨款80亿卢布（相当于2.7亿美元）。目前，已有41个联邦主体收到这笔专项拨款。

At the meeting on November 21,Dmitry medvedev,The government must eliminate about 2016 years ago"The kindergarten in line"The phenomenon of.In order to achieve this goal,And the central and the local government has made a lot of meticulous work,And specially formulated"Preschool special education development plan".Under the guidance of the plan,And the central government in 2012 and 2013 in the fiscal year,Every year to the local 8 billion roubles(Equivalent to 270 million dollars).At present,,Receive the earmarks has 41 federal subject.

　　在这次会议上，梅德韦杰夫承认，光靠中央政府的财政拨款是无法彻底解决问题，因为据估算，要想彻底解决俄罗斯幼儿园短缺问题，共需要3000亿卢布的资金支持。因此，他要求已获得拨款的联邦主体必须要“专款专用”，同时，还命令负责教育工作的副总理戈洛杰茨和财政部长一起，为解决此问题寻找新的资金支持。

At this meeting,Dmitry medvedev,Light on the central government's financial allocation cannot be completely solve the problem,Because it is estimated,If you want to completely solve the problem of shortage of Russia's kindergarten,Need a total of 300 billion roubles of financial support.so,He asked federal subject must have obtained funding"Special fund is special",At the same time,Still commands shall be responsible for the education work of the deputy prime minister GeLuoJie and finance minister,Looking for new financial support to solve this problem.

　　其实，俄罗斯“入园难”问题不仅仅是“硬件问题”，还包括“软件问题”。俄媒体称，即便一些民间资本可以建几家幼儿园，但这根本无法改变幼儿园教师地位低的现实问题。俄副总理戈洛杰茨承认：“只有真正提高幼师的工资，才能吸引优秀的老师到幼儿园工作。而现在，各地方幼儿园教师的工资标准，只有各地平均工资的一半左右。”（关健斌 本报莫斯科11月30日电）

In fact,Russia"It is difficult to in the park"Problem is not only"Hardware problems",Also include"The software problem".Russian media reports said,Even if some folk capital can build several the kindergarten,But it can't change the realistic problems of the low status of kindergarten teachers.Russian deputy prime minister GeLuoJie he admitted:"Only increase the salary of the fine,To attract the outstanding teachers to work in the kindergarten.And now,The local kindergarten teachers' salary standard,Is only about half of the average wage of all."(Key bin our Moscow 30 nov)