熊丙奇 XiongBingJi

　　三大自主招生联考的方案前不久公布，每个联考均只考两门，以及考试时间被安排在同一天，引起不少学生和家长的不满。在上海，一些考生就“吐槽”认为理科只考数学、物理两门，对于选化学和生物的学生不公平，三大联考放在同一天，也让学生很纠结。进而呼吁，出台政策时应该听取学校、老师和学生的意见，不能搞突然袭击。不少家长也有相同的意见。

Three big entrance exam of autonomous enrolment scheme announced not long ago,Every entrance exam only two,And the test time are arranged on the same day,Caused a lot of students and parents.In Shanghai,Some students will"Vomit slot"Think science only math test/Physical two,Not fair to student choose the chemical and biological,Three main entrance exam on the same day,Let the students also very entanglements.And then called for,Policy should listen to the school/The teacher and students' opinions,Can't make a sudden attack.Many parents also have the same opinion.

　　笔者很赞成学生和家长的意见，同时也感慨，没有话语权，每个受教育者（及其家长）其实都是弱者。对自主招生联考政策有意见的沪上学生和家长都是有上海户籍的，他们在自主招生政策上呼吁听取意见，做到公平。如果能推此及彼就会想到，此时此景中的他们和正在争取平等考试权的进城务工人员处境很是相似进城务工人员也苦于自己的意见得不到表达，努力争取平等权利的少女占海特一家现在就身处困境。

The author is in favor of the views of the students and parents,At the same time also regrets,No voice,Each pedagogue(And their parents)Actually is the weak.Have any questions on the entrance exam autonomous enrolment policy on the Shanghai of the students and parents are the registered permanent residence of Shanghai,They on the policy of autonomous enrolment for opinions,Be fair.If you can push this and he would be thought of,Liked this at this time and they are in the fight for equal rights to the situation of migrant workers is very similar to migrant workers also suffer from their own opinions without expression,To strive for equal rights of the young girl of the sea, one will be in trouble now.

　　每个人站在自身的利益角度表达自己的利益诉求没有错，但大家要意识到，教育平权是惠及每个人的最终选择。在高考公平问题上，北京人和上海人出于现实利益，不愿意开放异地高考，可他们没有想到，目前这种画地为牢的招生录取方式极有可能让自己的子孙也深受其害。比如，一个上海人到北京去工作、生活，孩子出生在北京，按照现在的政策，其子女在北京也不能参加高考，必须回到上海。

Everyone stood in their own interests Angle express their appeal not wrong,But we should realize that,Education parity is the ultimate choice of benefit everyone.In the college entrance examination fairness,Beijing and Shanghai for realistic interests,Don't want to open other college entrance examination,But they didn't think of,Now this way of restrict your activities to a designated area of the enrollment is likely to make their children also suffer.Such as,A from Shanghai to Beijing to go to work/life,The child was born in Beijing,According to the policy now,The children can't attend the university entrance exam in Beijing,Must be back to Shanghai.

　　而要推进教育平权，就要建立将民意纳入教育决策的基本机制。在自主招生政策的制订中，应该充分听取民意。同样，在开放异地高考问题上，也应该听取各方意见，对如何开放达成共识。只有建立这样的机制，大家的意见才会得到表达、尊重。不然，在某个议题中貌似强势的群体，在另一个议题中就极有可能是弱势。这不仅对受教育者群体如此，对教育者、办学者、教育管理者群体来说也是如此。相对受教育者来说，教育者群体更强势，可在评价、考核方面，他们同样没有话语权，需要被行政力量支配；相对于教育者来说，办学者处于强势地位，可对于行政部门而言，给办学者的自主空间又极为狭窄……这就是教育系统中各个层次的教育人都不断抱怨，觉得自己很弱势的原因。

To promote education parity,To establish the opinion involved in the decision of the basic education mechanism.In the formulation of policy of autonomous enrolment,Should be fully listen to public opinion.The same,On the issue of open different college entrance examination,Should also listen to all sides,Consensus on how to open.Only by establishing the mechanism,Everyone's opinion will get/respect.otherwise,In some issues in the seemingly strong group,On another issue, is most likely the disadvantaged.This group is not only to the educated,For educators/run/Education management group.Relative to the educatees,Educators group more strong,Can be in evaluation/Assessment of,They also have no voice,Need to be the administrative power;Relative to the educators,Run in a strong position,Can be for administrative department,To run the independent space and is very narrow……This is the education system in all levels of education are complaining about,Feel very weak.

　　其实，只有充分听取各方意见，将民意纳入决策程序，是不难找到合理、可行的解决方案的。拿异地高考来说，在目前的高考制度框架下，通过开放高考报名条件的方式推进异地高考，必然会引发本地户籍人口和外来人员的利益冲突。形象点说，本地户籍人口会认为这是外来人员抢自己碗里的“蛋糕”。而如果推进高考改革，打破现在的高考录取框架，实行高校自主招生，情况就完全不一样。

In fact,Only fully listen to all sides,The public opinion into the decision making process,Is not difficult to find a reasonable/Feasible solutions.Take different college entrance examination,In the framework of the present college entrance examination system,By the way of opening the university entrance exam qualification of different college entrance examination,Will cause this locality census register population and foreign staff conflict of interest.Image point said,This locality census register population will think that this is foreign personnel rob your bowl"The cake".And if promote the reform of college entrance examination,The college entrance examination admission framework broken now,The university autonomous recruitment,It was completely different.

　　一方面，推进高校自主招生改革，从转变基础教育应试教育格局角度看，对于所有受教育者都有利。如果能建立多元的高考评价、选拔体系，引导基础教育进行个性、多元化教育，我国教育将走出单一的应试模式困境，也让受教育者解放了出来；另一方面，国内重点大学实行基于统一测试的自主招生，也会改变各地的高考利益格局。如果北京、上海户籍人口认为上海、北京学生素质高，那么，完全可以在新的自主招生体系中也获得优势，而这种优势将更具说服力不是靠高考录取指标多而获得更多进入大学的机会，而是在新的平等的多元评价体系中，获得更好的评价而被录取。

On the one hand,Promote the reform of university autonomous recruitment,Change from basic education examination-oriented education pattern perspective,For the good of all educated.If we can establish the multiple college entrance examination/The selection system,Lead based education of personality/Diversified education,China's education will come out of a single test mode,Also let the pedagogue liberation;On the other hand,The domestic key university autonomous recruitment of unity based test,Will also change the college entrance examination interests of all.If Beijing/Shanghai census register population that Shanghai/Beijing students with high quality,so,Can also get advantage in the new system of autonomous enrolment,And this advantage will be more persuasive not admitted to the college entrance examination index and to get more chances to enter the university,But in the new equality of multivariate evaluation system,Get a better evaluation and be accepted.

　　再者，在自主招生多元评价体系中，为校正不同地区的教育差异，通常会有地区教育因素、家庭因素指标，全国各地考生可在任何地方报考，而招生学校将视学生的学籍所在地，给予教育薄弱地区学生一定的加分评价，甚至会面向薄弱地区单列一定的招生数。针对这种情况，进城务工人员子女在城市求学，可以城市学籍参加统一测试，申请大学自主招生，但他们能否被录取，取决于自身的综合素质，相比家乡学生，在新的录取体系中，不一定就有优势。

moreover,In a pluralistic evaluation system of autonomous enrolment,For correction in different parts of the education,There is often a region education factors/Family factors,All over the country the examinee can enter oneself for an examination in any place,And recruitment of students school will depend on the students' school is located,Weak to education students in a certain amount of bonus evaluation,Even face the weak areas separate a certain number of graduates.In view of this situation,Migrant workers children study in the city,Can attend unified test the university city,To apply for university autonomous recruitment,But they can be accepted,Depends on their own comprehensive quality,Compared with students home,In the new admission system,Is not necessarily an advantage.

　　从某种程度说，异地高考问题和当前自主招生联考问题，其实是一回事。如果教育部门放权，推进真正意义的自主招生，异地高考问题得到解决，而联考也就不会出现目前的变异了。

Says from some kind of degree,Different problems college entrance examination and autonomous enrolment for the entrance exam,In fact is one thing.If decentralization education department,Promote the independent recruitment of real significance,Different college entrance examination problem solved,And entrance exam also won't appear the current variation.

　　不听取民意，只有政府部门拍脑袋决策，这必然带来三方面问题：一是政策制订极为随意，我国联考政策一年一个样，就是因这一决策机制所致，如果有必须听取民意，将民意纳入决策的机制，政策不可能变化这么快。二是政策只体现行政部门的意图，办学者、教育者、受教育者的意见被漠视，很多政策一出台就遭遇质疑。三是无法表达意见的教育者、受教育者群体陷入彼此“掐架”中。一项政策，总归会有得利者，也有不利者，于是得利的一方，和不利的一方，就打起口水战。而在热闹的口水战中，大家似乎忘了，这次的得利者，下次可能是受损者，造成受损的原因，不在于这次的得利者，而是作为决策者、处于强势的行政部门。

Don't listen to public opinion,Only the government department head decision-making,This will lead to three aspects:One is policies is optional,A year the same entrance exam policy in China,Is caused by the decision-making mechanism,If there is have to listen to public opinion,Will be incorporated into the decision-making mechanism of public opinion,Policy can not change so fast.The second is the policy only reflect the intention of the administrative department,run/educators/The opinions of the pedagogue is ignored,A lot of policy has been questioned.3 it is unable to express the opinions of educators/Educated groups into each other"QiaJia"In the.A policy,Therefore there will be winners,Also have the adverse,And gain the party,And the adverse party,He play the spat.But in the build-up of lively,You seem to forget,The winners,Next time, may be damaged,The cause of damage,Is not the winners,But as a decision maker/In a strong administrative department.

　　要让每个人的权利都得到切实的维护，就必须赋予他们知情权、参与权、表达权、决策权和监督权，当每个公民都有了这样的权利，才会减少不公的事情在我们每个人身上发生。每个人也应该尊重他人的这些权利，不要对他人遭遇的不公幸灾乐祸，要知道，决策机制不变，类似的不公转眼就可能降临到自己头上。

Want to let everyone have the right to maintenance,You must give them right to know/To participate in/Express the right/Decision-making and supervision,When every citizen has the right to this,Will reduce the unfair things happen to every one of us.Everyone should also respect the rights of others,Don't gloat over others suffering injustice,Want to know,Decision-making mechanism remains the same,Similar injustice moment is likely to come into her head.

（作者系21世纪教育研究院副院长） (The author of the 21 st century education research institute vice-president)

　　《中国科学报》 (2012-12-26 第7版 理论)

[The proceedings] (The 2012-12-26 version 7 theory)

　　(中国科学报)

(The proceedings)