■ 观察家 S observers

　　异地高考，不光要有对地方政府的要求，还要有系统性的宏观配套支持政策。 Different college entrance examination,Not only have the requirements of the local government,Have systematic supporting macro policy support.

　　临近年终，全国已有多个省区市异地高考方案出炉。12月29日《中国经营报》披露，持上海《居住证》A证即国内人才引进类居住证的来沪务工人员，其子女将可以在沪参加中高考。不过，这一消息引起许多争议。

Near the end of the,The country has more than one provincial foreign college entrance examination scheme.On December 29,[China business news]disclosure,The Shanghai[Residence permit]A card that domestic talent introduction of residence to Shanghai migrant workers,Their children can attend ZhongGaoKao in Shanghai.but,The news caused many disputes.

　　实现异地高考，关乎教育公平，而“北上广”的方案出台为何比别的地方慢？两个字，太难！

To realize the different college entrance examination,About education fair,and"North guang"Why the scheme of slower than any other place?Two words,Too difficult!

　　异地高考落地的难点，其实主要集中在地区财政的教育负担和高校招生资源的再分配问题。财政负担问题在《义务教育法》的统筹和国家“钱随人走”的大政策支持下，基本得到解决（实际上主要是由“北上广”当地财政担负了）；而高校招生资源的调整恰恰又是中央有关部门没有明确、各级地方政府所不掌握的。目前，各省（自治区、直辖市）内部都有跨地县市乡的高考，许多孩子也都不是在原户籍地参加高考，之所以这样的“异地”能行，是因为没有跨省（区、市），它不影响地方招生计划的总盘子，没有和当地孩子抢高校学位。从目前已出台的地方情况看，它们多属于非典型标本的地方，或是生源变化不大，或是生源的主要流出地、实行异地高考的实际受益方。

Different difficulties of the university entrance exam fall to the ground,Actually focused on regional financial burden of education college students and the redistribution of resources.Financial burden in the problem[Compulsory education law]The overall and the country"People with money go"Under the policy support,Basic solved(In fact is mainly caused by"North guang"Local finance is responsible for);College students and the adjustment of the resources are central government relevant departments have not clear/Local governments at all levels do not grasp.At present,,The provinces(Autonomous region/Municipalities directly under the central government)Internal have across the county township of college entrance examination,Many children are not in the original assess to participate in college entrance examination,Is this kind of"Different places"Can do it,Because no across the province(area/The city),It does not affect local recruitment plan of the dishes,And local no child university degree.From now on the local situation,They belong to more atypical specimens,Or students,The main places or students/The actual benefit of different college entrance examination.

　　反观“北上广”，它们是高考生源的主要流入地，也是赞成或反对异地高考民意的主要聚集地。北、上、广三地义务教育阶段的随迁子女分别有50万、40万、330万之众，占到了当地生源的四成以上。如果中央主管部门不作大的政策调整，而要求三地在现有的政策、指标环境下去解决异地高考问题，三地现有的招生指标将大为缩水，北上广籍生源的权益势必受到很大的影响（高校的选择几率、高考的录取率都将被严重稀释）。

In contrast"North guang",They are college entrance examination from the main defined,Is also in favor of or against different opinion of the main entrance examination.In the north/On the/Wide three compulsory education stage of the SuiQian children 500000 respectively/400000/3.3 million of the,Accounted for more than forty percent of the local students.If the competent department will not be big policy adjustment,Requirements and continuously in the existing policy/Index environment to solve the problem of different ground college entrance examination,The enrollment of three existing index will shrink,North wide by the rights and interests of the students will be affected by a lot(The choice of university/Acceptance rates at the college entrance examination will be serious).

　　从另外一个层面说，假如国家的宏观政策不能配套，北上广也就不可能出台真正意义的异地高考方案。即使方案出了，我们也可以想象会是高门槛、象征性的，于实际效果将助益不大。更何况对于在此背景下可能诱发形成的移民潮，那更是三地都不可能承受的。

From another aspect,If the country's macro policy can't form a complete set,North guang is impossible come true meaning of other college entrance examination.Even if the plan out,We can also imagine would be high threshold/symbolic,In actual effect will be helpful.What's more, in this background can induce the formation of immigration,That is three places are impossible.

　　高考制度的调整是个牵涉面非常宽泛、复杂的问题。高校招生比例的形成，是个历史的产物，确有很多不尽合理、公平的地方。但是，我们无需挥舞道德的大棒去拷问现在户籍地的学生，他们是现实的受益者，但他们自身肯定算不上是反对改革的利益既得者。一个负责任的政府，它必定要考虑到各方面民众的感受，这个时候的慎重，是必须的，也能得到社会广泛理解。

The adjustment of the college entrance examination system is a interlock is very broad/Complicated problem.The formation of college enrollment rate,Is the product of history,There are many unreasonable/Fair place.but,We don't need with moral stick to torture now assess students,They are the real beneficiaries,But they must not be against the interests of the reform have.A responsible government,It must take into account all aspects of people's feelings,At this time of the prudent,Is a must,Also can get social widely understood.

　　异地高考，不光要有对地方政府的要求，还要有系统性的宏观配套支持政策。在目前的背景下，“北上广”是没法各自为政的。与其期待“北上广”拿出一个“不成熟”的方案，不如抓紧从顶层进行系统设计、积极稳妥推进。其实，大众迫切盼望的是全国“一盘棋”，出台一整套新的、符合实际的高考改革方案，而不仅仅是异地高考方案。

Different college entrance examination,Not only have the requirements of the local government,Have systematic supporting macro policy support.Under the background of the current,"North guang"Is not each does things in his own way.And looking forward to"North guang"Take out a"Not mature"The scheme of,As to system design from the top/An active and steady.In fact,Is the urgent hope of the nation"Ultimately,",Issued a set of new ones/Accord with the actual college entrance examination reform plan,Rather than just one entrance.

　　□江南一木（学者）

- jiangnan a wood(scholars)