优质教育资源的缺乏,正让各地一些知名中小学成为利益的竞技场,尤以“小升初”激烈。因此衍生的利益链条,正逐渐包裹着原本纯洁的校园。择校的过程被总结为“拼爹”、“拼孩子”、“拼命”。新的义务教育法引入了问责制,然而六年多来却少有问责。要彻底切断利益链,唯有在推进教育改革的过程中,建立起教育问责制度。

The lack of high quality education resources,Is make some famous schools all over the interests of the arena,Especially in"after"fierce.So derived from the interests of the chain,Is wrapped around the original purity of campus.Will process is summarized"Spell dad"/"Spell the child"/"Try very hard to".The new compulsory education law introduced accountability system,For more than six years, however, there is little accountability.To completely cut off the interests of the chain,Only in the process of promoting the reform of education,Establish education accountability system.

视点关注 Focus attention

　　广东省深圳市一些中学开始向非深户籍的高中生收取择校费,并要求学生将择校费直接汇入深圳市财政委员会账户。上月,一名热心公益的80后青年刘潇虎得知此事后,认为该行为涉嫌户籍歧视,决定向深圳市教育局、市财政委员会提出政府信息公开申请,要求公开收取择校费的依据、缴纳人数、收支情况等信息。近日,深圳市教育局已就上述申请作出回复。

Shenzhen city, guangdong province some high school started to charge a high school without the registered permanent residence of deep 择校费,And ask the students will 择校费 directly into shenzhen finance committee account.Last month,A warm-hearted public welfare of young LiuXiao tiger that after 80,Think this behavior is suspected of household register discrimination,Decided to shenzhen education bureau/The finance committee put forward disclosure of government information application,For public charge 择校费 basis/Pay the number/Information such as balance of payments situation.recently,Shenzhen education bureau has to make a reply to the application for the above.

　　择校,近年来已经成为一个十分敏感的词汇,任何与之有关的一举一动都备受关注。记者了解到,择校现象存在的背后包含复杂的利益因素,同时也暴露出对相关法律落实的不到位。

school,In recent years has become a very sensitive words,Any actions related to the attention.The reporter understands,School behind the phenomenon include the interests of the complex factors,At the same time also exposed to the implement of relevant law does not reach the designated position.

争议不断的择校现象 Dispute continuously usual phenomenon

　　大家都知道有择校费存在。因为将学生放在学校作为抵押,没有一个家长会出来说我交了多少钱。择校费这个东西敏感,它的(查处)难度就在这里

We all know that there are 择校费 exist.Because the students in the school as a mortgage,Don't have a parents' meeting say how much money I made.择校费 sensitive to this thing,It's(Investigate and deal with)Difficulty is here

　　记者了解到,深圳市教育局的回复称,目前择校费仅针对高中阶段收取,义务教育阶段一律不得收取择校费。因择校生增加了就读学校的负担,所以通过收取择校费适当弥补培养成本,目前对深圳户籍、非深户籍学生均会收取择校费,自2007年以来,年均收取择校费4120万元。

The reporter understands,Shenzhen education bureau reply said,择校费 at present only in high school,All shall not collect 择校费 compulsory education stage.Because ZeJiaoSheng increases the burden of your school,So by charging 择校费 appropriate make up training costs,The census register in shenzhen city/Non - deep 择校费 census register students will be charged,Since 2007,The annual charge 择校费 41.2 million yuan.

　　根据深圳市教育局提供的《2007年-2011年深圳市教育经费情况表》显示,近5年来,高中阶段教育经费投入分别为25.82亿元、29.86亿元、35.01亿元、43.96亿元、48.93亿元,根据市教育局提供的择校费总额计算,近5年来择校费与高中阶段教育经费投入之比分别为1.5%、1.6%、1.3%、0.8%、0.8%。

According to the shenzhen bureau of education[2007-2011, shenzhen education funds table]display,Past five years,High school education funds is 2.582 billion yuan respectively/2.986 billion yuan/3.501 billion yuan/4.396 billion yuan/4.893 billion yuan,According to the city bureau of education to provide 择校费 total calculation,择校费 nearly five years with the high school stage education funds investment ratio of 1.5%, respectively/1.6%/1.3%/0.8%/0.8%.

　　刘潇虎对记者说,既然公开的数据表明,择校费数额所占教育经费比例如此之小,建议直接予以取消。

LiuXiao tiger told reporters,Since public data shows,择校费 amount of education funds proportion is so small,Suggest to cancel directly.

　　“取消择校费,这是个不错的建议,但要想不择校,真的很难。”一位家长对记者说,“要明白家长追寻的是什么?大目标是孩子考上好学校的保证,小方向是为了不让孩子输在起跑线上。为了上‘重点校’,孩子进入小学之后家长就开始打听小升初的游戏规则,家长和孩子为了这些能通往重点的证书拼搏着,一切都是为了孩子能上‘重点校’。”

"Cancel 择校费,This is a good suggestion,But don't think school,It is really hard to."A parent told reporters,"To understand parents what is looking for?The goal is the guarantee of children admitted to a good school,The direction is in order not to let the children lose at the starting line.In order to the‘ChongDianJiao’,Children into primary school after parents began to inquire after the rules of the game,Can parents and children to these certificates to the key work,Everything is in order to children can go‘ChongDianJiao’."

　　这位家长告诉记者,当初为了让自己的孩子上一所理想的小学,费尽心思的给孩子进行包装。“我给孩子作了一份长达50页的精美简历,还拍摄了写真集。把简历送上去之后,我就天天搂着手机等电话。”

The parents told reporters,At the beginning in order to let their children go to a ideal school,Easy-going to children of the packaging."I gave the child a 50 pages of beautiful resume,Also filmed the photo album.Send your resume to go up after,I will hug every day of your cell phone."

　　对于择校的费用,21世纪教育研究院的研究人员袁艳芳例举的一个数据为,某知名重点小学,“小升初择校费金额50万元到80万元”。

For the cost of the school,In the 21 st century education research institute researchers YuanYanFang examples of a data,A famous key primary school,"After 择校费 amount 500000 yuan to 800000 yuan".

　　21世纪教育研究院的工作人员告诉记者,上述数据经媒体披露之后,该小学有关负责人提出了异议,并且表示要通过法律途径维护权益。

In the 21 st century education research institute staff told reporters,The above data by the media after the disclosure,The head of the primary school is put forward,And to maintain the rights and interests through legal channels.

　　记者查阅相关报道发现,对于披露的择校费,该小学校长公开表示,“……像我们这个学校,不收孩子任何的捐资助学费。你们可以冲进来看看,找任何家长问,看看我们收过费没有,几乎没有。”

Reporters access relevant reports,To disclose the 择校费,The elementary school principal said publicly,"......Like our school,Children don't accept any donation for tuition fees.You can look at and rushed in,Find any parents asked,Look at our charge have no,Almost no."

　　对此,21世纪教育研究院院长杨东平回应说,“大家都知道有择校费存在。因为将学生放在学校作为抵押,没有一个家长会出来说我交了多少钱。择校费这个东西敏感,它的(查处)难度就在这里。”

this,In the 21 st century education research institute YangDongPing response said,"We all know that there are 择校费 exist.Because the students in the school as a mortgage,Don't have a parents' meeting say how much money I made.择校费 sensitive to this thing,It's(Investigate and deal with)Difficulty is here."

　　参与调研的一位人士则说,“这并不是最高的数字。”而且进一步表示,他们取证是通过三个途径:一是走访家长,二是到银行蹲点调查,三是到学校找相关的家长和老师核实。

A person involved in the research, said,"This is not the highest."And further said,They are evidence through three ways: one is to visit parents,2 it is to the bank 蹲点 investigation,3 it is related to the parents and teachers in a school to verify.

择校背后利益纠葛复杂 School behind the interests of the Oscar film

　　拼爹,拼钱,拼关系……除了占坑班外,还有“共建生”和“条子生”等等门路。即便在找到关系之后,钱同样是不可少的

Spell dad,Spell it money,Spell relationship...In addition to the class of the pit,There are"To build life"and"The blade was born"And so on:.Even after find relationship,Money is also cannot little

　　袁艳芳将择校的过程总结为,“拼爹”,“拼孩子”,“拼命”。

YuanYanFang will select summed up in the process of school,"Spell dad","Spell the child","Try very hard to".

　　2012年,由于诸多政策文件的下发,被许多教育界人士认为是北京治理择校乱收费最严厉的一年,但此前的情况并不乐观。

In 2012,,Because many of the policy documents issued,By many educators think is Beijing management school fees in one of the most serious,But the situation is not optimistic.

　　记者了解到,择校背后的利益因素十分复杂。一位家长就对记者说,为了孩子能上“重点校”,选择好几个学校的培训去“占坑”。

The reporter understands,Select factors behind the interest of the school is very complicated.A parent said to reporter,For the children to go to"ChongDianJiao",Choose several school training"Of pit".

　　“占坑”,是北京小升初择校中的特有名词。21世纪教育研究院工作人员告诉记者,所谓的“占坑班”,是指公办重点学校自办或与社会机构合办、面向小学生的学科培训机构,可从中选拔优秀学生升入本校初中。很多学生从小学三年级起就经考试进入培训学校,此后数年,不断考试、筛选、排位,只有在六年级时排名靠前的一部分学生才能进入重点中学。

"Of pit",Is Beijing after school in the special terms.In the 21 st century education research institute staff told reporters,The so-called"Class of pit",Refers to the public the key school oneself or jointly and social institutions/For elementary subject training institutions,To select outstanding junior high school students to the university.Many students since third grade the test into the training school,After a few years,Constantly test/screening/qualifying,Only part of the top in the sixth grade students can enter a key school.

　　至于参加“占坑班”具体需要多少钱,21世纪教育研究院对2011年及更早的情况进行了调查后发现,90%以上参加“占坑班”的学生家长每年所花费用在8000元以上,多数“占坑班”的学生都会选择2至3个左右的“坑”,而“占坑班”的费用仅是“小升初”花费中较小的一部分。为了保证在“占坑班”中顺利晋级,还要参加众多培训机构的课程,包括家长单独“攒班”(根据孩子学习需要,由家长自行聘请教师授课)。每一门课程费用约每期2000元至3000元,每年4期共8000元至12000元。如果语、数、英3门课程都上,则每年要超过3万元。因为在“小升初”评价中,数学占比重最大,不少学生要上3至5个数学班(含家长攒班),还要增加两万元以上的费用。

As far as to"Class of pit"Specific need how many money,In the 21 st century education research institute in 2011 and found that after the investigation on the earlier,More than 90%"Class of pit"Money spent to parents of students each year in 8000 yuan of above,Most of the"Class of pit"Students will choose 2 to 3 or so"pit",and"Class of pit"The cost is only"after"Part of the cost of smaller.In order to ensure the"Class of pit"In the passage,Also participate in many training institutions of the course,Including the parents alone"Saving class"(According to the needs of children,Recruiting teachers teaching by the parents).Each course costs about $2000 to $3000 in each period,4 a total of 8000 yuan to 8000 yuan per year.If language/The number/The 3 on the course,Each year more than 30000 yuan.Because in"after"In the assessment of,Accounting for the largest proportion of mathematics,Many students want to go to the three to five math class(With parents save class),Will increase the cost of twenty thousand yuan of above.

　　在对2011年及更早的北京择校现象进行调研的过程中,21世纪教育研究院的研究人员还发现了一些其他的现象:

In 2011 and earlier usual phenomenon in the process of the investigation of the Beijing,In the 21 st century education research institute researchers also found some other phenomenon:

　　“共建生”,是指大型企事业单位与重点学校通过合作,从而满足本部门职工子女享受“优质教育资源”的需求,这是较为典型的“以权择校”。调研人员认为,共建生隐秘性很强,信息完全不透明。北京好几个区均有“共建生”政策,但招生比例从未对外公布。

"To build life",Refers to large enterprises and key school through cooperation,So as to meet the department worker children to enjoy"High quality education resources"The needs of the,This is typical"To the right school".The investigator that,Build strong confidentiality,Information is not transparent.Beijing several area all have"To build life"policy,But the recruitment of students scale has never released.

　　“条子生”即所谓“后门生”,家长通过特殊社会关系,使孩子获得重点学校入学机会,这是“小升初”过程中很不公平的方式。北京各区每年都会在几所重点学校给“条子生”预留名额。调研人员发现,一些重点学校的“条子生”,占当年招生人数的8%至10%左右。

"The blade was born"The so-called"After his pupils",Parents through special social relations,Make children get key school admission opportunity,This is the"after"In the process of the way is unfair.District of Beijing in a few key schools to every year"The blade was born"Reserve quota.The investigator found,Some of the key school"The blade was born",Accounting for about 8% to 10% of the enrollment.

　　“电脑派位”,原本是所有“小升初”渠道中,被认为最体现入学公平的一种方式,即通过学区划片、以电脑随机摇号方式分配学位。但是,调研人员发现,自1998年北京取消“小升初”考试,采取学生以“电脑派位”就近入学后3年,电脑派位遭受广泛质疑,甚至还连带出现了以下怪象:很多薄弱学校“一开学班里少了一半人”；越是大牌的学校,派位比例越小；处于中间层的普通学校,实际承担了大部分电脑派位的学生。

"Computer 1 school places allocation",That is all"after"In the channel,Is considered one of the most embody the entrance fair way,That is, through district scribing/By way of computer random wave number distribution degree.but,The investigator found,Since 1998, Beijing cancelled"after"The test,Take the student to"Computer 1 school places allocation"Near to the entrance after 3 years,Computer 1 school places allocation were widely questioned,Even joint appeared the following strange like: a lot of weak schools"A school half fewer people in the class";The more big school,1 school places allocation proportion is smaller;In the middle layer of ordinary schools,Practical for most computer 1 school places allocation of the students.

　　即便在找到关系之后,钱同样是不可少的。“家长为副总裁级别的共建生赞助费20万元起。”袁艳芳说。

Even after find relationship,Money is also cannot little."Parents born as vice-president level of contribution of $200000."YuanYanFang said.

　　“实现教育公平的制度环境尚未稳固建立。按权力大小择校与按付费多少择校的现象一直存在。一些地方的择校由‘小升初’延伸到‘幼升小’,甚至延伸到选择幼儿园；一些中小学就近入学的学生比率不到20%；还有些地方在‘城乡一体’、‘教育现代化’的口号下,大幅撤并乡村学校,只办城里的学校。”中国教育科学研究院研究员储朝晖对当前择校的状况进行了分析。

"To realize the education fair system environment has not yet been built.According to the size of the school of power and to pay how much will have existed phenomenon.Some parts of the school‘after’Extended to‘Young/small’,Even extended to choose the kindergarten;Some primary and middle school students near the entrance rate less than 20%;Also in some places‘Urban and rural integration’/‘Education modernization’Under the slogan of the,In merging of rural schools,Only do the schools in the city."The Chinese institute of education sciences reservoir from zhaohui analyzes the status of the current school.

择校治理还需依靠法律 School management still need to rely on the law

　　随着义务教育法的不断修改和完善,近年来各地治理择校的力度均在不断加大。但要彻底切断利益链,还需在推进教育改革的过程中,建立起教育问责制度

With the constant revision and perfection of compulsory education,In recent years all over the school of management efforts are in increasing.But should be completely cut off the interests of the chain,Still need to in the process of promoting the reform of education,Establish education accountability system

　　记者了解到,教育部近日举行推进义务教育均衡发展典型案例通气会,表示治理择校乱收费需下重拳获得各方认同,并希望将先行一步的浙江经验推广全国。

The reporter understands,The ministry of education recently held to promote balanced development of compulsory education TongQiHui typical cases,Said management school fees should be under the punch for all parties,And hope that will be one step ahead of the zhejiang experience to promote the country.

　　记者采访了前来北京参加“通气会”的浙江省教育厅原副厅长张绪培,他告诉记者:“我考虑择校是跟利益有关,所以必须切断择校的利益链,一个是学校,一个是政府。财政条件比较困难的地方政府,是希望多一点择校的,可以收费,可以冲抵公共财政对教育的投入。学校如果收的费都是他的,他也有积极性。在浙江省杭州市,这几年基本上把学校这条利益链切断了,我们收上来的钱也不返给学校,所以现在杭州的学校择校的积极性不高。”

Reporters came to Beijing to attend"TongQiHui"The zhejiang provincial deputy head of the original ZhangXuPei,He told reporters."I think school is related to the interests,So select one school must be cut off in the interests of the chain,One is the school,One is the government.The local government financial conditions are difficult,The hope of a more school,Can charge,Can set off the public finance of education investment.If the fee is he in school,He also have enthusiasm.In hangzhou city, zhejiang province,Basically the school over the past few years this article interests chain cut off,We take up the money and does not return to the school,So now the school school in hangzhou's enthusiasm is not high."

　　记者了解到,随着义务教育法的不断修改和完善,近年来各地治理择校的力度均在不断加大。储朝晖认为,依法治理择校的一大重点就是保证就近入学。

The reporter understands,With the constant revision and perfection of compulsory education,In recent years all over the school of management efforts are in increasing.Reservoir from zhaohui think,Law school one of the key is to ensure that near the entrance.

　　“1986年,中国颁布的第一部义务教育法第九条规定:‘地方各级人民政府适当设置小学、初级中等学校,使儿童、少年就近入学。’《中华人民共和国义务教育法实施细则》第二十六条规定:‘实施义务教育学校的设置,由设区的市级或者县级人民政府统筹规划,合理布局。小学的设置应当有利于适龄儿童、少年就近入学。’2006年修订的义务教育法第十二条再次明确:‘适龄儿童、少年免试入学。地方各级人民政府应当保障适龄儿童、少年在户籍所在地学校就近入学。’这些规定,明确了适龄儿童、少年就近入学的权利,明确了地方各级政府保障其在户籍所在地就近入学权利的义务和责任。就近入学的政策目标就是为每一个儿童提供平等的受教育的权利,确保教育的公平原则。”储朝晖说。

"In 1986,,China has issued the first part of article 9 of the compulsory education law stipulates that‘Local people's governments at all levels set appropriate primary school/Junior middle school,Make children/Young near the entrance.’[The detailed rules for the implementation of the compulsory education law of the People's Republic of China]The provisions of article 26:‘The implementation of the compulsory education of the school setting,The cities divided into districts or municipal people's government at the county level of overall planning,Reasonable layout.Primary school shall be conducive to the establishment of the school-age children/Young near the entrance.’Article 12 2006 revision of the compulsory education law clearly again:‘School-age children/The young an exemption for admission.Local people's governments at various levels shall guarantee school-age children/Young school in census register seat near the entrance.’These provisions,Clear the school-age children/Young right near the entrance,Clear the local governments at various levels shall guarantee the rights of census register seat near the entrance of the obligations and responsibilities.Near to the entrance of the policy goal is to provide every child equal right to education,To ensure the fairness of education principles."Reservoir from zhaohui said.

　　此外,储朝晖认为,切断利益链,推进教育改革的过程中,还应该建立教育问责制度。“新的义务教育法引入了问责制,各地与上述法律要求相违背的事件大量发生,然而六年多来却少有问责。积极推进教育问责制法制化、程序化,渐进式完善教育行政问责制,中国教育才能走上成熟、理性之路。”(记者杜晓)

In addition,Reservoir from zhaohui think,Cut off the interests of the chain,In the process of promoting the reform of education,Still education accountability system should be established."The new compulsory education law introduced accountability system,Contrary to the above legal requirements across a large number of occurrences,For more than six years, however, there is little accountability.Actively promote education legalization accountability system/programmed,Gradual improvement education administrative accountability system,Chinese education can go on/Road of the reason."(The reporter DuXiao)